铁基高温耐磨堆焊焊条的研究

研究了Ｃｒ－Ｎｉ－Ｂ－Ｗ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ和Ｃｒ－Ｂ－Ｗ－Ｍｏ－Ｎｂ两种合金系统的高温耐磨堆焊合金焊条，其堆焊层组织分别为合金奥氏体＋骨架状共晶碳化物＋颗粒状共晶碳化物，隐晶马氏体＋块状硬质相，颗粒状硬质相，具有较高的高温硬度和高温耐磨性。     

铬硼及硬质相形态在高温耐磨堆焊合金中作用

通过高温硬度、高温磨损试验，系统地研究了合金元素铬、硼对Ｃｒ－Ｂ－Ｗ－Ｖ系高温耐磨料磨损等离子弧堆焊合金的红硬性影响规律．硬质相Ｃｒ７Ｃ３条束轴向垂直于磨损面时，堆焊合金的耐磨性最好．     

原位自生TiC颗粒对铁基耐磨堆焊金属的影响

为了研究原位自生TiC颗粒对堆焊层组织与性能的影响,采用药芯焊丝明弧堆焊方法在Q235钢表面制备了Fe-Cr-Ti-C堆焊合金.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计和湿砂磨损试验机对堆焊合金进行了分析.结果表明,加入的Ti元素可在堆焊层中原位生成TiC硬质相颗粒,并促进M7C3硬质相的生成,从而起到细化晶粒的作用.当生成的TiC和M7C3硬质相数量较多且弥散分布于金属基体中时,这些硬质相可起到相应的抗磨骨架作用,从而提高了堆焊金属的耐磨性.当药芯焊丝中Ti元素的质量分数为7%时,堆焊层性能最佳,其硬度值为61.6HRC,磨损量为0.3904g.     

铁基高温耐磨堆焊焊条的设计

我国当前研制应用于生产的耐磨堆焊材料大部分是沿用过去的铁铬碳系。铁铬硼系。高铬铸铁合金系统和等离子弧用的粉末钴基、镍基材料．它们在抗蚀、耐磨及热稳定性等方面均有突出的优点，但在实际应用中有一定的困难，钴和镍是价格昂贵的稀有金属，研究出高温耐磨而且价格低廉的堆焊材料是非常有必要的．针对高温耐磨料磨损的情况，采用不锈钢焊芯，通过药皮向堆焊层中过渡合金元素的方法，合成多种硬质相，达到多元复合强化的目的．通过正交回归设计方法研制出了一种铁基高温耐磨堆焊焊条．     

火焰喷涂镍基碳化钨涂层的高温冲蚀磨损特性

ｘ－射线衍射、能谱分析和ＳＥＭ研究镍基碳化钨自熔性合金粉末火焰喷涂涂层，合金中碳化钨的含量对涂层的组织结构、孔隙率和硬度产生重要影响，进而使涂层的高温冲蚀磨损机制发生相应的变化。随涂层中碳化钨含量的增高，材料流失由基体塑性变形为主转变为碳化钨硬质相的脆性断裂为主，高韧性的Ｎｉ（γ）固溶体对碳化钨起支撑保护作用，弥散分布的硬质相改善了涂层的耐磨性。结果表明，Ｎｉ－ＷＣ３５涂层具有最佳的抗高温冲蚀性能     

铁基Cr—Mo—C—B系耐磨堆焊焊条的研制

针对高温磨损和磨粒磨损的工程条件,研制了具有良好堆焊工艺性和高温耐磨性的铁基Ｃｒ－Ｍｏ－Ｃ－Ｂ合金系堆焊焊条,在本试验条件下分析了Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ,Ｃ、Ｂ合金元素对堆焊层的组织、硬度和耐磨性的影响,并获得了最佳的堆焊层成分,在常温条件下,经搅拌机叶片堆焊后的现场应用,比耗损地片寿命提高３－４倍。     

阀门密封面高温耐磨堆焊合金优化设计

采用优化设计的方法设计了阀门密封面高温耐磨堆焊合金，可满足工作温度６００℃以下高温，高压阀门的使用要求，并且其高温硬度的稳定性好于钴铬钨堆焊合金。     

等离子熔覆铁基堆焊合金显微组织与耐磨性

为了提高在严峻工况条件下工作的机械零件的耐磨性,采用等离子熔覆技术,在20g钢表面制备了一系列Fe-15Cr-x-V-0.8C堆焊合金.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和x-射线衍射等分析手段研究了合金组织和碳化物形貌.结果表明：堆焊合金显微组织由马氏体、铁素体、少量奥氏体、M₇C₃和VC组成.合金中加入一定数量的V,可诱发基体的马氏体转变,改善合金的耐磨性.随着V的质量分数的增加,VC的数量增加,堆焊合金晶粒显著细化.此外,考察了V的质量分数对堆焊合金硬度及耐磨性的影响.耐磨粒磨损实验结果表明：堆焊合金耐磨性优良,当合金中存在较多数量的硬质相且硬质相分布均匀、晶粒大小适中时,能有效阻止磨粒的显微切削运动,显著提高材料的耐磨性.     

堆焊过程中横向磁场对镍基高温合金组织和性能的影响

在镍基高温合金等离子弧堆焊过程中引入横向交流磁场,利用磁场的作用来提高堆焊层的性能。在堆焊过程中,调节磁场参数和焊接工艺规范,并对不同参数下的堆焊层进行硬度试验、磨损试验以及显微组织进行分析,结果发现适当磁场参数产生的电磁搅拌不仅可以细化堆焊层金属的组织,而且可以控制堆焊层中硬质相的数量及分布形态;从而改善堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性。此外,电磁搅拌还能减小堆焊层化学成分不均匀性,提高堆焊层的塑性和韧性,降低结晶裂纹和气孔的敏感性,提高堆焊层金属的综合力学性能,全面改善堆焊层的质量。     

45钢堆焊金属组织及显微硬度研究

分别采用D237和D207两种堆焊焊条,以焊条电弧焊工艺在基体材料45钢上进行堆焊,对在相同焊接条件下获得的堆焊金属的显微组织和显微硬度进行了分析,并讨论了合金元素对堆焊层显微组织及显微硬度的影响.结果表明:堆焊层金属的显微组织及显微硬度与焊接线能量有关,与焊条的合金成分及含量有关,与其硬质相的类型、性能及分布等有关;合金元素钼、钒对堆焊金属品粒的细化作用效果明显.     

Fe-Cr-C-B系药芯焊丝的显微组织与耐磨性

为了研究药芯焊丝中Cr和B含量对堆焊层组织与性能的影响规律,采用自保护明弧堆焊法制备了Fe-Cr-C-B系耐磨药芯焊丝.利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪,对堆焊层的显微组织和耐磨性进行了分析.结果表明,适量的Cr、B可使堆焊层的性能更为优异.随着B元素的加入,堆焊层的显微组织由M_(23)C_6相向M_(23)(C,B)_6相转变,弥散分布的硼化物可呈层片状、菊花状等.硼化物显著改善了Fe-Cr-C-B系堆焊合金的耐磨性,且其耐磨性与硼化物的数量、致密度和尺寸有关,并最终确定了Cr和B元素的最佳质量分数.     

高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝堆焊组织与性能分析

研制了一种自保护高铬铸铁型药芯焊丝,对其堆焊金属组织与性能进行了分析,结果表明：堆焊金属表面硬度达到HRC60以上,堆焊金属显微组织主要为马氏体＋残余奥氏体＋M7C3型碳化物;初生碳化物主要沿堆焊层向母材方向生长,其表面硬度为HV1783,侧面为HV1127;共晶碳化物围绕在初生碳化物周围生长,其显微硬度为HV830;在相同磨损条件下磨损1h后,堆焊金属相对耐磨性为Q235钢的14倍左右,在药芯中加入适量的稀土氧化物能提高堆焊金属的耐磨性。     

Effect of Titanium Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Hardfacing Alloy

The hardfacing alloys with different concentrations of titanium were deposited on carbon steel substrates by shielded metal arc welding, and the effect of titanium content on the microstructure characteristics of the hardfacing alloys was investigated. The wear resistance test of the hardfacing alloys was carried out by using a slurry rubber wheel abrasion test machine, and the wear behaviour was also studied. The results indicate that the addition of titanium can effectively promote the precipitation of the complex carbides of Nb and Ti due to the prior precipitation of titanium carbide which acts as nucleation sites for complex carbides. With the increase of titanium content, the wear resistance of the hardfacing alloys is increased gradually resulting from the refinement of microstructure and dispersive distribution of fine carbide precipitates. And the wear mechanism is mainly minimum plastic deformation with interrupted grooves due to the strengthening and protecting effects of carbide precipitates.     

A high-fe aluminum matrix welding filler metal for hardfacing aluminum-silicon alloys

A high-Fe containing aluminum matrix filler metal for hardfacing aluminum-silicon alloys has been dmeloped by using iron, nickel, and silicon as the major strengthening elements, and by measwing mechanical properties, room temperature and high temperature wear tests, and microstructural analysis. The filler metal,which contains 3.0% - 5.0% Fe and 11.0% - 13.0% Si, exhibits an excellent weldability. The as-cast and as-welded microstructures for the filler metal are of uniformly distribution and its dispersed network of hard phase is enriched with Al-Si-Fe-Ni. The filler metal shows high mechanical properties and wear resistance at both room temperature and high temperatures. The deposited metal has a better resistance to impact wear at 220℃ than that of substrate Al-Si-Mg-Cu piston alloy; at room temperature, the deposited metal has an equivalent resistance to slide wear with lubrication as that of a hyper-eutectic aluminmn-silicon allot with 27% Si and 1% Ni.     

硬质合金耐磨堆焊材料断裂与韧性的研究

通过对不同类型硬质合金复合耐磨堆焊材料冲击试验的研究,探讨了影响堆焊层韧性的因素,观察分析了其断口形貌和断裂机理.结果表明,堆焊材料的冲击韧性与断口上硬质合金颗粒的面积分数、堆焊方法以及基体金属的显微组织有关,主要取决基体金属韧性和含量.基体金属的韧性越好、含量越多,堆焊材料的韧性越高.在冲击载荷作用下,基体金属断裂表现为高塑性的韧窝断裂,且存在一定撕裂棱,而硬质合金的断裂为脆性穿晶解理断裂或沿晶断裂.     

变压器硅钢片滚剪刀粉末等离子堆焊材料及工艺的研究

本文叙述了有关采用粉末等离子堆焊制造新型的剪切变压器硅钢片的滚剪刀的选材和工艺的研究。文章主要讨论了高硬度堆焊层裂纹的特征、生长时期以及防止裂纹产生的工艺措施。     

High Temperature Wear Characteristics of a New Hot Work Die Steel CH95

High temperature wear characteristics of a new hot work die steel CH95 doped with a small amount of rare earth （ Re ） and boron （ B ） have been investigated and compared with those of conventional die steel H11 at a series of temperatures and loads. Worn surfaces of CH95 steel and H11 steel were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. It is found that high temperature mechanical properties of CH95 steel are much better than those of H11 steel. The oxide layer formed on the worn surface plays an important role in wear resistance at high temperature. When the load is less than 63 N, the surface oxide layer keeps integrated and the effect of load on high temperature wear is small. When the load is higher than 63 N, the supporting ability of matrix to the oxide layer decreases with the increase of load, which results in an increase of wear rate. Compared with H11 steel, the wear resistance of CH95 steel is much better and the worn surface of CH95 steel is smoother. It is easier for CH95 steel to form a compact and integrated surface oxide layer at high temperature than for Hll steel, which protects the worn surface and reduces wear.     

Microstructure and abrasion wear behavior of Ni-based laser cladding alloy layer at high temperature

Ni-based alloy coating on 21-4-N heat-resistant steel was prepared using CO2 laser, and the high-temperature abrasion wear was tested. The microstructure of this cladding layer and its abrasion wear behavior at high temperature by changing compositions and temperatures were investigated by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Among the three compositions of cladding layer, i.e. Ni21 ＋20% WC＋0. 5 % CeO2, Ni25＋20 % WC＋0. 5 % CeO2 and Ni60 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0. 5 % CeO2, the experimental results show that Ni21 ＋ 20 % WC ＋ 0.5?O2 cladding layer is made up of finer grains, and presents the best abrasion wear behavior at high temperature. The wear pattern of laser cladding layer is mainly grain abrasion at lower temperature, and it would be changed to adhesive abrasion and oxide abrasion at higher temperature.     

大面积耐磨合金堆焊层表面成形改善及其性能的研究

在大面积耐磨复层板的堆焊工艺中针对以普通铬铁为外填充合金粉末,在A3板上堆焊耐磨层时,其表面成形较差的问题,设计了向合金粉末中分别加入硅、硼及联合加入硅、硼时的堆焊实验。经观察堆焊层表面成形情况、硬度测试及显微分析,结果表明:加入适量的硅、硼能有效地改善堆焊层的表面成形,提高堆焊层的硬度;加入硼铁后,基体组织中在空冷条件下就有马氏体析出,因而提高了堆焊层的淬透性。     

H13钢热磨损磨面形成层的研究

用自制销环式热磨损试验机进行热磨损试验,通过扫描电镜、波谱及能谱分析、X-射线衍射等方法对H13钢磨面形成层进行了研究,说明了它的化学组成、形成条件及其在热磨损中的行为。