沿空留巷巷旁充填体宽度计算与分析

采用沿空留巷技术是目前解决高瓦斯深井开采难题的关键技术,而充填体是沿空留巷围岩结构的一个重要组成部分,其稳定特性直接影响着巷道整体的稳定性,关系高瓦斯深井开采的成功与否。因此,确定合理的巷旁充填体宽度也成为沿空留巷成功的关键因素之一。本文以谢桥煤矿11426工作面沿空留巷为工程背景,采用理论计算和数值模拟相结合的方法分析了巷旁充填体宽度对巷道围岩受力规律的影响,为今后类似工程提供技术依据。     

综放沿空留巷顶板活动规律的模拟分析

采用相似材料模拟和计算机数值模拟,对沿空留巷老顶破断位置与形状、不同支护方式对顶板活动的影响以及相关的巷旁上技术和进行了初步分析。模拟结果表明,采用锚杆（索）网联合支护和人工筑构较充强度的巷旁充填体,有利于综合机构放顶煤开采沿空留巷顶板的稳定,并给对充填带宽度和充填材料抗压强度的最低要求。     

厚硬岩层直覆沿空留巷顶板关键块结构及控制

基于沿空留巷围岩大、小结构稳定原理,分析了厚硬岩层直覆条件下沿空留巷顶板关键块所形成的结构及其围岩所处应力环境,并讨论了不同关键块长度围岩大结构的形式及对巷旁充填体所产生的影响,认为合理关键块长度是控制围岩稳定性的关键。结合平煤十二矿地质条件数值模拟了不同关键块长度控制下厚硬顶板直覆留巷围岩大结构稳定的不同形式,得出了其关键块体的合理长度,并基于厚硬顶板运动特征提出了控制关键块体长度的倾向小水平转角钻孔群切顶控制技术。     

大尺度混凝土巷旁墙体开裂机理及控制对策

为防止深井沿空留巷大尺度混凝土巷旁墙体开裂破坏,通过水化热测定试验分析了充填材料的水化放热特性,在此基础上利用ANSYS软件模拟了巷旁墙体温度场的演化规律,理论计算了温度应力的变化特征,探讨了巷旁墙体在温度应力及采动应力双重作用下的破坏过程与机理.结果表明:充填前期巷旁墙体的内外温差高达22.0℃,由此引起的温度应力超过巷旁墙体的抗拉强度,致使巷旁墙体出现温度裂缝;顶板压力使温度裂缝扩展,最终导致巷旁墙体开裂破坏.基于巷旁墙体双因素致裂机理,从降低墙体内外温差及缓解顶板压力2个方面提出墙体开裂控制对策,并将其应用于1231(1)沿空留巷工程实践,取得了良好的留巷效果.     

煤矿开采复合顶板结构面应力分布特点分析

采用ANSYS程序数值模拟了煤矿开采复合顶板结构面剪应力和法向应力并分析了其分布特点,结果表明:不同原岩应力结构面剪应力分布规律基本相同;结构面法向应力分布和原岩应力及复合顶板岩性有关,深部开采软弱岩性复合顶板结构面法向应力主要呈现拉应力。     

切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用

针对传统沿空留巷施工工艺繁琐、留巷成本高的问题,提出了切顶卸压沿空留巷新技术.在沿空留巷覆岩运动规律的基础上,研究了采空侧顶板预裂卸压机制,建立了不同顶板位态下"围岩结构-巷旁支护体"力学模型,分别推导得出了巷旁支护阻力的计算方法.结果表明:通过顶板预裂爆破,采空侧低位基本顶间接转化为直接顶冒落,切落后碎胀的矸石对上位岩层起到了较好的支撑作用,限制了其旋转变形,并降低了顶板断裂冲击载荷;将顶板断裂线转移至采空区侧,顶板在侧向形成了切顶短臂梁结构,减小了侧向悬臂长度,降低了巷旁支护体承受的附加载荷.在此基础上,提出了聚能预裂爆破、恒阻大变形锚索及巷旁密集单体支柱等围岩控制技术,并在哈拉沟煤矿12201工作面得到了成功应用.     

剪切梁模型在煤矿中的弹性变形分析

由于煤矿开采深度不断增大,采场顶板压力对工作面带来严重的矿山压力显现,对生产和人身安全造成严重威胁.将煤层顶板简化为只受剪力作用的剪切梁模型,在不考虑横向变形情况下用,研究开采过程中的顶板变形和应力分布规律,确定顶板最大挠度和最大等效剪切力的所在位置,为煤矿开采过程中预防顶板事故发生提供理论依据.     

朱庄煤矿坚硬特厚顶板沿空留巷技术应用

针对保留煤柱护巷中存在采出率低、巷道维护困难等问题,在坚硬特厚顶板条件下沿空留巷围岩移动规律分析的基础上,提出了针对性的沿空留巷控制技术与手段,形成了配套的墙体充填材料、工艺系统与组织形式,优化了留巷后期巷道及墙体支护参数,提高资源回收率,实现相邻区段连续开采.以朱庄煤矿坚硬特厚直覆顶板综采工作面为研究对象,分析模板支架充填沿空留巷技术和取得的效果.     

深部沿空切顶成巷围岩稳定性控制对策

基于沿空切顶成巷技术原理,以城郊煤矿深部工作面无煤柱开采为背景,综合运用力学分析﹑模拟计算和现场试验等方法,对深部切顶成巷围岩控制关键对策进行深入研究。结果显示：切顶留巷顶板在侧向形成短臂梁结构,降低了巷旁支护体所受压力,切缝范围内岩层垮落后碎胀充填采空区,使留巷顶板下沉量降低了约50%。采空区侧顶板为切顶巷道围岩变形的关键部位,需进行加强支护;深部切顶巷道实体煤帮塑性区范围大,通过煤帮锚索支护技术可将浅部锚杆承载层锚固在弹性区稳定煤体中;深部切顶成巷来压速度快、强度大,巷内单体支柱易造成冲击破断,采用高阻力液压支架巷内临时支护时可较好地抵抗深部强动压;巷旁刚性挡矸装置因无法适应深部围岩大变形而受压弯曲破坏,深部切顶巷道巷旁挡矸结构需实现一定的竖向让位卸压方可与顶底板协调变形。在研究的基础上提出恒阻锚索关键部位支护+可缩性U型钢柔性让位挡矸+巷内液压支架临时支护+实体煤帮锚索补强的深部切顶成巷联合支护技术,并进行现场工业性试验。现场监测结果表明：留巷围岩在滞后工作面约290 m时基本稳定,且稳定后各项指标满足下一工作面使用要求。     

柠条塔煤矿自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法

为减少巷道掘进量,提高煤炭采出率,削弱因煤柱留设引起的围岩应力集中,提出了一种自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法,并系统总结了该方法的工艺流程和关键技术.在自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法中,巷道顶底板与实体煤侧巷帮由采煤机截割而成,采空区侧巷帮则由采空区垮落碎石堆叠而成,巷道顶板与碎石巷帮的控制是决定成巷效果的关键.基于岩体碎胀特性,提出采用顶板定向切缝技术,优化留巷应力环境,减少上位顶板回转下沉,针对巷道顶板提出以"恒阻大变形锚索+切顶护帮支架"为主的支护方式,针对碎石巷帮提出"侧向动静结合、纵向伸缩让压"的控制理念.最后以柠条塔煤矿S1201-Ⅱ工作面为工程背景进行了现场工业性试验,结果表明:采用自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法进行回采,当工作面推进约150m后留巷围岩开始稳定,最终下沉量基本稳定在70mm左右,满足下一工作面的使用要求.现场试验结果验证了自动成巷无煤柱开采新方法可以实现工作面回采无需提前掘进回采巷道、无需留设工作面护巷煤柱的目标,且成巷效果良好,经济效益显著.     

Side abutment pressure distribution by field measurement

Given the 7123 working face in the Qidong Coal Mine of the Wanbei Mining Group, nine dynamic roof monitors were installed in the crossheading to measure the amount and velocity of roof convergence in different positions and at different times and three steel bored stress sensors were installed in the return airway to measure rock stress at depth. On the basis of this arrangement, the rule of change of the distribution of the side abutment pressure with the advance of the working face and movement of overlying strata was studied. The rule of change and the stability of rock stress at depth were measured. Secondly, the affected area and stability time of the side abutment pressure were also studied. The results show that: 1) During working, the face advanced distance was from 157 m to 99 m, the process was not effected by mining induced pressure. When the distance was 82 m, the position of peak stress was 5 m away from the coal wall. When the distance was 37 m, the position of peak stress away from the coal wall was about 15 m to 20 m and finally reached a steady state; 2) the time and the range of the peak of side rock pressure obtained from stress sensors were consistent with the results from the dynamic roof monitors; 3) the position of the peak pressure was 25 m away from the coal wall.     

Surrounding rock control of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar and roadway side sealing technology in Yangliu Coal Mine

Gob-side entry driving can increase coal recovery ratio, and it is implied in many coal mines. Based on geological condition of 10416 working face tailentry in Yangliu Coal Mine, the surrounding rock deformation characteristics of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar is analysed, reasonable size of coal pillar and reasonable roadway excavation time after mining are achieved. Surrounding rock control technology and effective roadway side sealing technology are proposed and are taken into field practice. The results showed that a safer and more efficient mining of working face can be achieved. In addition, results of this paper also have important theoretical significance and valuable reference for surrounding rock control technology of gob-side entry driving with narrow coal pillar under special geological condition.     

煤炭自燃标志性气体预测指标的实验研究

设计并研制了氧化热解实验模拟装置，通过对峰峰矿区小屯矿工作面采空区煤样的氧化热解模拟实验，绘制了各氧化热解气体CO2、O2、C2H6和CO等气体浓度随温度的变化曲线，并对其分析找出了该矿采空区煤炭自燃的标志性气体预测指标，从而为掌握工作面采空区煤炭自燃的规律和制定有效合理的煤炭自燃发火的防治措施提供依据，为煤矿的高效生产提供安全保障。     

煤炭自燃标志性气体预测指标的实验研究

设计并研制了氧化热解实验模拟装置,通过对峰峰矿区小屯矿工作面采空区煤样的氧化热解模拟实验,绘制了各氧化热解气体CO2、O2、C2H6和CO等气体浓度随温度的变化曲线,并对其分析找出了该矿采空区煤炭自燃的标志性气体预测指标,从而为掌握工作面采空区煤炭自燃的规律和制定有效合理的煤炭自燃发火的防治措施提供依据,为煤矿的高效生产提供安全保障。     

基于灰关联方法的突出预测敏感指标研究

白羊岭煤矿为煤与瓦斯突出矿井,主采15号煤层为突出煤层.为提高煤巷掘进突出预测的准确性及有效性,通过现场测定突出预测指标及煤层瓦斯含量,利用灰关联分析方法对钻屑瓦斯解吸指标Δh2,K1,钻屑量S的敏感性进行了研究.研究表明,钻屑瓦斯解吸指标K1可以更准确地反映工作面前方煤体的突出危险程度,可作为白羊岭煤矿煤巷掘进突出预测的敏感指标,突出临界值为0.30 mL/（g.min0.5）.     

采空区上覆岩层移动破坏动态力学模型的应用

采用采动岩体动态力学模型,对采动引起的覆岩移动破坏的时空规律进行了研究,结合兴隆庄矿５３０６工作面的地质、开采条件,对采动引起的断裂带发育发展规律,岩体内部离层发生发展规律、地表下沉规律等问题进行了分析,并对观测结果作出了较以前的各种理论模型更为符合实际的解释,该模型可在实际工作中得到了很好地应用。     

宁夏磁窑堡煤矿井底煤仓加装钢结构壁挂式螺旋溜槽的设计改造

钢结构壁挂式螺旋溜槽的原理,是将煤流的自由落体运动转化为匀速螺旋运动,以降低煤流速度,减缓煤流冲击,防止块煤破碎,达到提高块煤率的目的.由宁夏煤矿设计院、北京富力通能源工程技术有限责任公司、磁窑堡煤矿共同承担磁窑堡煤矿井底煤仓加装壁挂式螺旋溜槽改造任务.该煤仓立仓部分仓径为4.5 m,高24 m,溜煤斜巷长20 m,倾角50°,巷道宽2 m,高2 m.由于磁窑堡矿溜煤斜巷倾角大,煤流速度远远超出了非标准螺旋溜槽的调控范围,因此增加设计了蛇形溜槽段.该段溜槽为高600 mm,宽600 mm的U形槽,在煤流变向处设计成外沿高、内沿低,以抵抗离心力,减少煤流在槽中的互相碰撞;沿溜煤斜巷蛇形布置,加长煤流路径,减小路径坡度,使煤流速度达到了非标准段螺旋溜槽的可控范围.由于完全控制了煤流在仓中的匀速运动,开创了蛇形溜槽在国内原煤仓中的首创应用,块煤损失降低了4.01％,达到了国内同行业先进水平.经济效益显著,推广应用前景较好.     

Application of high-pressure water jet technology and the theory of rock burst control in roadway

This paper puts forward using high-pressure water jet technology to control rock burst in roadway, and analyzes the theory of controlling rock burst in roadway by the weak structure zone model. The weak structure zone is formed by using high-pressure water jet to cut the coal wall in a continuous and rotational way. In order to study the influence law of weak structure zone in surrounding rock, this paper numerically analyzed the influence law of weak structure zone, and the disturbance law of coal wall and floor under dynamic and static combined load. The results show that when the distance between high-pressure water jet drillings is 3 m and the diameter of drilling is 300 mm, continuous stress superposition zone can be formed. The weak structure zone can transfer and reduce the concentrated static load in surrounding rock, and then form distressed zone. The longer the high-pressure water jet drilling is, the larger the distressed zone is. The stress change and displacement change of non-distressed zone in coal wall and floor are significantly greater than that of distressed zone under dynamic and static combined load. And it shows that the distressed zone can effectively control rock burst in roadway under dynamic and static combined load. High-pressure water jet technology was applied in the haulage gate of 250203 working face in Yanbei Coal Mine, and had gained good effect. The study conclusions provide theoretical foundation and a new guidance for controlling rock burst in roadway.     

岱庄煤矿近距离煤层微量元素赋存特征研究

煤矿开采的主要对象是煤层,煤层对比清楚与否,直接影响煤矿安全生产和经济效益.岱庄煤矿3上1、3上及3下煤层相距较近,区分不明显,容易造成采掘巷道串层现象.对岱庄煤矿可采煤层中微量元素赋存特征开展研究,掌握不同煤层中微量元素的赋存状况,可很好地判断岱庄煤矿煤层层位,能有效避免地质构造等因素造成近距离煤层采掘串层现象,对合理设计开采方案和采掘进度有重大意义,从而为岱庄煤矿安全、高效生产提供科学依据和保障.     

Distribution of ground stress on Puhe Coal Mine

Puhe Coal Mine is a typical Tertiary coal in Shenbei mining area. With an increase in mining depth, tectonic stress field becomes more complex, leading to increased deformation and failure of the soft rock roadway. Stress becomes an important factor of mine safety and stability. This paper analyzes the distribution of the regional tectonic field, and determines the distribution of situ stress measurement through measuring the ground stress field in the main mining area level of Puhe Coal Mine using stress relief method. The acquired in situ stress data at different locations and depths provide a reference for the rational arrangement of the stop and mine roadway supporting design, which are of great significance for the efficient safety production of the mine.