海外河油田微生物降粘技术实验

为研究微生物降粘技术在海外河油田增油增液的效果,通过分析微生物采油技术降粘的原理,选取海外河油田六口井进行室内实验研究,分别对微生物菌种的筛选、菌群配伍性、耐矿化度性、耐温性及耐酸性等开展实验研究,筛选出适合海外河油田应用的,具有较好的配伍性、耐矿化度性、耐温性及耐酸性等性能较为稳定的微生物制剂。通过现场矿场试验微生物采油措施,有增油、增液效果,说明注入地层中的微生物起到了降低原油粘度的作用,使原油更易流入井底。     

黄伞菌丝深层发酵的培养条件

采用摇瓶培养法对黄伞茵丝深层发酵培养条件进行了研究，通过正交试验初步确定黄伞茵丝深层发酵适宜的培养基组成为：葡萄糖3g／dL，牛肉膏1．5g／dL，K2HPO40．5g／dL，MgSO40．1g／dL，该菌株最适培养条件为：培养温度25℃，起始pH值5．0，接种体积分数15％，发酵周期10d，在优化的试验条件下，进行摇瓶发酵，茵丝干重达11．16g／L。     

基于图像处理的织物悬垂性综合评价

织物悬垂性伞式投影法结合使用CLO软件模拟平纹棉布、麻布、毛呢、涤纶等多种织物,获得模拟织物的悬垂投影图像。使用matlab软件对伞式投影法获得的悬垂投影图像进行处理,分析并得出悬垂系数、波纹数等可以反映织物悬垂性的数据;使用YG(B)811E型号的织物悬垂性测试仪,测量不同类型织物的悬垂性,获得的数据用来后期修正评价系统,通过matlab对织物投影图像进行灰度化、二值化、滤波处理、轮廓提取,以及对处理后图片进行综合分析处理,自动计算得出反映织物悬垂性的各个数据,进行综合评价织物的悬垂性。     

应用于试验系统的一种恒温控制方案

军用和航空零部件的耐温性是一项重要指标,目前常用的试验装置存在精度低、抗干扰差、热惯性大的不足.针对这一问题,提出了通过对控制目标进行动态修正实现恒温控制的方案.对试验系统建立数学模型,分析并推导出状态空间方程,通过仿真计算给出动态目标修正参数,最后进行了计算机仿真和耐温性实验,结果证明该方案控制精度高、抗干扰能力强、能有效地克服热惯性大的影响.     

襟翼偏转翼伞气动性能数值模拟分析

为研究襟翼偏转对翼伞气动性能的影响,对不同襟翼偏转情况分别建立CFD模型,通过有限体积法进行空间离散并求解RANS方程,模拟翼伞在转向与雀降阶段的气动性能,进而结合最小二乘法进行参数辨识,实现翼伞气动模型的修正.模拟结果表明:襟翼偏转会引起翼伞压强分布改变,失速迎角减小,升阻力系数突增,对翼伞气动性能造成复杂的影响;修正的翼伞气动模型可以较好描述翼伞气动性能与襟翼偏转的变化规律,相比传统气动模型有效地提高了计算精度,为翼伞在转向与雀降阶段的精确建模提供参考.     

阻力伞包装机通用化研究

本文综合现有型号阻力伞及对应阻力伞包装机的特点,就阻力伞包装机的通用化、多用途设计和改进进行了理论分析和研究,并给出了可兼容多种型号的多功能阻力伞包装机设计方案,以实现资源共享,尽可能降低科研成本和劳动强度,更优质地服务于科研试飞保障工作。     

伞喷燃烧系统的应用研究

本文绘出了伞喷燃烧方式在１３５型试验机上进行的试验研究，性能参数表明该燃烧方式具有热预混合燃烧的特点，且改善了经济性、工作粗暴性和排入指标。     

基于一种可固定伞的设计

伞是一种提供阴凉环境或遮蔽雨、雪的工具。生活中有各种各样的伞,大多数伞都必须用手握住,如果把伞放到地上,则不会稳定,有些伞放到地上即使稳定,也会被风吹倒。基于这个问题,设计了一种可固定伞,容易安装、拆卸,借助按钮方便调整,可以使伞腿展开也可以使伞腿闭合,展开时伞腿伸出成五角星分布,可以抵抗外力起到固定作用,闭合时伞腿收缩到伞套内,可以方便移动。     

伞喷燃烧系统的应用研究

本文给出了伞喷燃烧方式在135型试验机上进行的试验研究，性能参数表明该燃烧方式具有热预混合燃烧的特点，且改善了经济性，工作粗暴性和排入指标。     

基于量子遗传算法的翼伞系统归航轨迹规划

轨迹规划是翼伞系统自主归航任务的核心。针对归航轨迹规划,建立相应数学模型,提出了一种基于改进量子遗传算法的翼伞系统归航轨迹最优规划方法。在该方法中,首先引入非均匀B样条曲线拟合控制律,将轨迹规划最优控制问题转化为B样条基函数控制顶点的参数优化问题;然后采用改进的量子遗传算法对轨迹规划中目标函数进行寻优,从而引导并实现翼伞系统归航轨迹规划。对实际工况中不同初始条件下的翼伞系统进行归航轨迹规划仿真实验,结果表明,本方法是翼伞系统归航轨迹规划的一种有效方法,优化得到的控制律和轨迹符合翼伞系统自主归航控制的特点。     

倾斜式波纹翅片管传热及流动阻力性能比较试验

对新开发的空气冷却器倾斜式波纹翅片管与传统的国产平直翅片管的传热性能及流动阻力性能进行了对比试验,给出了相应的传热系数曲线和流动阻力系数曲线,并分析了产生该试验结果的原因及理论依据。当空气流经该新型倾斜式波纹翅片管时,由于该翅片管能使气流产生强烈的扰流,破坏气流的边界层,导致掠过翅片管束的气流紊流程度加剧,从而提高了翅片管外空气膜传热系数。由试验结果可知,该新型倾斜式波纹翅片管与平直翅片管的j／f值相比,有较大的提高,表明新型倾斜式波纹翅片管的传热及流动性能优于国产平直翅片管,具有较高的工程应用价值,因此新型倾斜式波纹翅片管具有较好的推广应用前景。     

碲化铅单晶及薄膜物理特性的研究

PbTe(碲化铅)是一种新兴的化合物半导体材料，它以优良的特性而被用于许多高科技领域。作者用布里奇曼法以高纯的Te(99．9％)和经过5次提纯的Pb合成了5种组分的PbTe单晶，并对它们的物理特性进行了研究。此外，以所制备的晶体为原料用真空蒸镀法制备了5种组分的PbTe多晶薄膜，薄膜呈铜黄色，并对它们的显微结构、导电类型、电阻、电阻率和电导率特性进行了研究。测试结果发现，热处理对薄膜结构和性能影响很大，热处理后晶粒为有明显取向的片状，且晶粒尺寸变大；随Te摩尔分数的增大，薄膜的导电类型由n型转换成p型；热处理后薄膜电阻比退火前小，其电阻率比晶体材料大，电导率随Te摩尔分数的增大先减小后增大。     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of the laser continuous heat treatment welded joints of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the welded joints of 2205 duplex stainless steel with the laser continuous heat treatment were investigated. The secondary austenite formation is the outcome of thermodynamic equilibrium breach of the alloy during heat treatment and the result of the continuous heat treatment which has the most important effect on the weld material. The partitioning behaviors of chromium and molybdenum as well as the volume fraction of ferrite and austenite have a remarkable influence on the composition of the individual phase. Mechanical examination of the laser trated weld demonstrates that the tensile strength and yield strength increase with increasing the amount of the secondary austenite. It is shown that the ultimate tensile strength of the 6 kW laser-treated weld is higher about 20 MPa than no heat treatment weld and the ductility can be further improved without compromising strength. The results indicate that the welding alters the corrosion behavior because of different post heat treatment power and the broad active peak is not identified which is attributed to the dissolution of the secondary austenitic in the ferrite phase. It is indicated that pitting resistance equivalent (PRE) values of base metal and 6 kW weld are higher than that of other welds; base metal is 33.7, 6 kW weld 33.3, no treatment 32.4, 4 kW weld 32.8, 8 kW weld 32.5. The extent of corrosion resistance improvement after reheating treatment is mainly caused by the removal of nitrogen from ferritic regions, which occurred as a consequence of secondary austenite growth.     

不同助剂对提高不锈钢衬纸耐高温性能的比较

不锈钢衬纸在使用过程中要求具有一定的耐高温性能,为此可以通过添加某种耐高温助剂来达到目的.通过实验比较了两种无机耐高温助剂和一种有机耐高温助剂对纸页耐高温性能及强度性能的影响,以寻求合适的耐高温助剂及其适当的应用性能.研究结果表明,无机耐高温助剂具有较好的耐高温效果,但会对纸页的强度性能造成一定的损失;有机耐高温助剂耐高温效果不很明显,但不会影响纸页的物理强度.两者结合使用可以获得较好的耐高温效果和强度性能,其中无机耐高温助剂的质量分数为5%,有机耐高温助剂的质量分数为8%时可以达到进口不锈钢衬纸的耐高温性能指标.     

Constructal optimization of cylindrical heat sources with forced convection based on entransy dissipation rate minimization

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,the optimal designs of constant-and variable-cross-sectional cylindrical heat sources are carried out by taking dimensionless equivalent resistance minimization as optimization objective.The effects of the cylindrical height,the cylindrical shape and the ratio of thermal conductivity of the fin to that of the heat source are analyzed.The results show that when the volume of the heat source is fixed,there exists an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius which leads to the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.With the increase in the height of the cylindrical heat source and the ratio of thermal conductivity,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance decreases gradually.For the heat source model with inverted variable-cross-sectional cylinder,there exist an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius and an optimal radius ratio of the smaller and bigger circles of the cylindrical fin which lead to a double minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.Therefore,the heat transfer performance of the cylindrical heat source is improved by adopting the cylindrical model with variable-cross-section.The optimal constructs of the cylindrical heat source based on the minimizations of dimensionless maximum thermal resistance and dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are different.When the thermal security is ensured,the optimal construct of the cylindrical heat source based on minimum equivalent thermal resistance can provide a new alternative scheme for the practical design of heat source.The results obtained herein enrich the work of constructal theory and entransy theory in the optimal design field of the heat sources,and they can provide some guidelines for the designs of practical heat source systems.     

热油管道摩阻计算——使用不等温的管截面流速分布导出的摩阻计算公式

依据流体力学的摩阻计算公式，推导出热油管路不等温管截面流速公布的摩阻计算公式，并考虑摩擦生热的影响，编制出计算机程序，进行了实例运算．     

Experimental study on thermal resistance of fouling in heat exchangers of sewage source heat pumps

To investigate the formation of fouling in sewage heat exchangers,a model of thermal resistance with time is developed based on the experiments in a practical engineering site. And this model is asymptotic exponential function. According to the characteristic of sewage heat exchangers,the effective thermal resistance and effective coefficient of heat transmission during the formation of fouling are defined. A model for pressure loss of fouling of asymptotic distribution is presented based on the model of thermal resistance of fouling. And the maximum absolute margin of error of the fouling thermal resistance is smaller than the typical allowable error range. The maximum relative error of the heat transfer coefficient is 12% . These can meet the requirements of engineering. The results of experiments provide a basis for further study and application of swage heat exchangers.     

低压省煤器H型鳍片管优化传热数值研究

为研究低压省煤器H型鳍片管的传热特性及阻力特性,采用realizable湍流模型数值研究H型鳍片管管束外烟气的流动传热特性。研究结果表明:H型鳍片管具有均匀气流的作用,在管壁面形成的漩涡能够加强通道内绕流作用,利于强化传热;当烟气的流速越高,H型鳍片管传热系数越大,流动阻力逐渐增大;当鳍片节距增加,H型鳍片管传热系数增加,流动阻力逐渐降低;在节距为18 mm时,鳍片管传热系数较高,流动阻力最小,选用18 mm的鳍片节距最为经济。     

燕麦籽粒热处理对其出粉率的影响

通过自制远红外热处理设备对燕麦籽粒进行热处理,用实验磨粉机进行磨粉,得出面粉及各粉路出粉率,采用方差分析等方法研究热处理时间与籽粒出粉率之间的关系.结果表明:燕麦籽粒经过0～8 min热处理后,皮磨粉、心磨粉和面粉的出粉率平均值分别为17.53％、26.74％和44.27％;变幅分别为7.40％～31.29％、15.88％～36.86％和39.31％～47.17％;变异系数分别为70.13％、37.22％和8.30％.热处理时间对皮磨粉出粉率和心磨粉出粉率有极显著影响(α=0.01),对面粉出粉率有显著影响(α=0.10).随着热处理时间的增加,皮磨粉出粉率表现出先稳定后升高的趋势,热处理6 min时皮磨粉出粉率达到最高,为31.29％.心磨粉出粉率随着热处理时间的增加先稳定后减少,4 min时心磨粉出粉率达到最高,为36.86％.面粉出粉率则随着热处理时间的增加先升高后趋于平稳,热处理6 min时,面粉的出粉率达到最高,为47.17％.热处理能够显著提高燕麦籽粒的出粉率,而且能够改变面粉中粉路的组成变化;出粉率的变化间接反映了面粉理化特性的变化.     

Designing for Long Campaign Life Blast Furnace (1) --The Mathematical Model of Temperature Field for Blast Furnace Lining and Cooling Apparatus and New Concept of Long Campaignship Blast Furnace Cooler Design

The physical and mathematical model of temperature field for blast furnace stave coolers was established. The computation results show that the heat resistance of 2-6 mm water scale within the cooling pipe is about 7%-20% of the total heat resistance of cooling stave body, as for drilling duct type, the heat resistance of 2-6 mm water scale is about 88%-98% of the total heat resistance. Using drilling duct or full cast pipe can eliminate gas clearance and coating layer between pipes and cast iron body and reduce the heat resistance of the cooler sharply and improve the coefficient of heat transfer to a great extent. The water velocity within coolers can be kept at the 1evel of 0.5- 1 .5 m/s, the higher water velocity can not decrease the hot surface temperature, but can increase energy consumption for cooling water.