固定化过程中试剂对微生物活性影响的研究

本文对海藻酸钙、PVA、聚丙烯酰胺三种不同载体包埋固定过程中各种固定化试剂对微生物(Candida tropicalis)活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:CaCl_2,BIS、丙烯酰胺(ACAM)、四甲基乙二胺(TEMED)、H_3BO_3对微生物均有明显的抑制作用。而K_2S_2O_(?)则无不良影响。     

新试剂荧光性能及其荧光自变量子效率的研究

研究了新试剂7-（苯并噻唑-2-偶氮）-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸（简称ABQ）和7-（噻唑-2-偶氮-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸（简称TBQ）的荧光性能，测定了它们的荧光量子效率，对进一步利用荧光法进行样品分析有一定的指导意义。     

鲁米诺化学发光法测定食品中的亚硫酸盐

提出了运用化学发光法测定食品中亚硫酸盐的新方法,对影响化学发光的诸因素进行了实验和探讨,得出较佳检测条件：方法的定量限为4.6 mg/kg,亚硫酸盐质量浓度在1.0～10.0 mg/L与发光强度增强值（△I）呈良好的线性关系,R2为0.993 4.对6类样品进行了测定并做加标回收试验,平均RSD 3.05％,平均回收率93.0％,可用于食品中亚硫酸盐的定量与定性检测.     

Fenton试剂处理柠檬酸废水的实验研究

芬顿试剂(Fenton’s reagent)是一种强氧化剂,常用于废水的净化处理。利用Fenton试剂处理柠檬酸废水,考察了H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、反应时间和原水pH对处理效果的影响。结果表明,随着H2O2用量和FeSO4用量的增加,CODCr的去除率增大,最佳H2O2质量浓度为80mg/L,最佳FeSO4质量浓度为0.5 g/L,最佳反应时间为30 min,最佳反应pH为3,pH过大或过小都使去除率下降。     

生活污水的高级氧化预处理效果研究

以芬顿试剂、高锰酸钾为氧化剂氧化降解生活污水,通过测定COD、BOD5变化来比较氧化效果．在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验进行研究．芬顿试剂适宜的氧化条件：FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为3mmol／L,pH值为3,H2O2与Fe^2＋的投加比为3：1,反应时间为60rain;高锰酸钾适宜的氧化条件：投加量为0．2mmol／L,pH值为2,反应时间为60min．研究表明：与高锰酸钾处理的效果相比,采用芬顿试剂,COD去除率可达80％,处理后废水的可生化性大大提高,为进一步的生化处理创造了良好的条件．     

光助Fenton法降解水中对氨基苯酚的研究

采用光助Fenton氧化法处理对氨基苯酚模拟废水,考察了光强、Fenton试剂的用量、初始pH值、反应时间对降解效果的影响,初步探讨了其降解动力学规律.结果表明,450 W高压汞灯照射以及较强太阳光照射的条件均可以明显加快Fenton法催化氧化降解对氨基苯酚溶液的过程.Fe2＋（2.5 g/L）投加量为1.0 mL,H2O2（6%）投加量为1.0 mL,初始pH值为4,太阳光照射下降解对氨基苯酚时效果较好,反应40 m in后降解率高达99%;降解过程符合准一级反应动力学方程.     

Fenton试剂法处理偶氮类染料废水的实验研究

为了评价Fenton试剂(Fe2+-H2O2)法处理高浓度偶氮染料废水的可行性,对天津市某厂经纳滤处理后的染料废水进行处理,研究了pH值、H2O2投加量、Fe2+投加量、反应时间、H2O2投加方式等因素对废水CODCr去除效果的影响.结果表明:在H2O2(质量分数为30%)投加量为12.5 mL/L、pH值为3、Fe2+与H2O2的摩尔比为1∶10、反应时间为6 h、分批次投加H2O2的最佳运行条件下,CODCr去除率达到81.3%,处理效果较理想.     

茶叶中微量铜的水相比色测定

研究了以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（铜试剂，DDTC）为显色剂水相比色测定茶叶中铜含量的方法．对样品前处理、显色反应的条件以及共存金属元素的干扰等因素进行了探讨．结果表明，用本法对实际茶叶样品测定时，相对标准偏差小于4％，回收率为94.5％～101．8％．测定茶叶标准样品时结果与标准值相符．本法具有操作简便、快速，准确和置现性好等特点，便于在中小型茶场中推广．     

纳氏试剂配制及水样预处理方法的改进

通过条件试验，在纳氏试剂比色法测定氨氮的方法中，纳氏试剂氯化汞加入量的选择及水样预处理方面进行了探讨和改进，并将改进后方法作了精密度、准确度试验、结果令人满意。其相对标准差〈２％，加标回收率为９５￣１０６％。     

不同混凝剂除磷效果的研究

通过烧杯试验,分别对聚合氯化铝(PAC),硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3.18H2O),硫酸亚铁(FeSO4.7H2O)和氯化铁(FeCl3.6H2O)的除磷效果进行了研究,并协同考察了去除污水中SS和CODCr的情况。结果表明:在投加量为80mg/L时,4种混凝剂对TP的去除率按由高到低顺序是FeCl3.6H2OAl2(SO4)3.18H2OFeSO4.7H2OPAC;TP、SS和CODCr的的去除率均随着药剂投加量的增加而提高。     

Fenton法预处理颜料企业生产废水

针对颜料企业生产废水pH波动大,有机污染物成分复杂与可生化性差的问题,采用Fenton法对颜料废水进行了预处理实验研究.通过研究在不同实验条件下,Fenton试剂预处理该类废水的COD去除率及处理成本,验证了Fenton法处理颜料企业生产废水的可行性并得到Fenton法预处理此类废水的最优实验条件.实验结果表明,Fenton试剂处理该废水的COD去除率最高可达81%;在最优实验条件下,COD去除率为52%,处理成本为4.3元/t;Fenton法处理颜料企业生产废水的影响因素依次为H2O2∶Fe2+(mol∶mol)H2O2∶COD(g∶g)出水pH.     

Removal of organic matter from H2TaF7 solution by adsorption

The removal of organic matter from H2 TaFT solution by adsorption was investigated in order to reduce the carbon content in the K2TaF7 crystal. Three kinds of adsorbent, LSA-5 resin, LSA-20 resin and active carbon were applied in the fixed bed respectively. Experimental results indicate that LAS-5 resin, LAS-20 resin, the mixture of LAS-5 resin and LAS-20 resin(with volume ratio of 1：1), and the active carbon can all reduce chemical oxygen demand(COD) value of the H2TaF7 solution, and reduce consequently carbon content of K2TaF7 crystal to 0.0010%-0.0015% from 0.002 5%-0.0030%. Comparing with the others, the active carbon is an approved adsorbent whose bed volumes of effluent reaches 70. In addition, there is a linear relationship between the COD value of H2TaF7 solution and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal, and the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal decreases with the decreasing of COD value of H2TaF7 solution. When the COD value of H2TaF7 solution is lower than 7 mg/L, the carbon content in K2TaF7 crystal would decrease to less than 0. 001 5%.     

微气泡O3/H2O2深度处理某化工园区二级出水效能与机制

化工园区废水经过二级处理后,仍含有多种有毒污染物,依然对生态环境存在较大风险,为此,建立微气泡O₃/H₂O₂深度处理工艺,研究某工业园区二级出水处理效能,确定最佳工艺参数,探究污染物降解机制,并对处理出水进行毒性评价。结果表明：在pH为7.3、臭氧投加量为60 mg/L、H₂O₂初始投加量为114 mg/L、反应时间为15 min条件下,微气泡O₃/H₂O₂对二级出水中有毒污染物具有良好的降解效果,COD和TOC去除率分别达到47.41%和46.61%;微气泡O₃能够显著提高臭氧利用效率,缩短反应时间;与普通O₃曝气相比,臭氧利用率提高10%,反应时间缩短2/3;微气泡O₃/H₂O₂工艺过程中,有机物去除过程遵循表观二级反应动力学;电子顺磁共振(EPR)技术证明羟基自由基(·OH)参与有机物的降解过程,H...     

Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/coke magnetic nanoparticles composite material

A composite material (Fe₃O₄/Coke) using coke supported Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles was successfully prepared via an in-situ chemical oxidation precipitation method and characterized by SEM, XRD, Raman, and FTIR. The results showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles existed steadily on the surface of coke, with better dispersing and smaller particle size. The catalytic ability of Fe₃O₄/Coke were investigatied by degrading p-nitrophenol (P-NP). The results showed that the apparent rate constant for the P-NP at 1.0 g·L^?1 catalyst, 30 mmol·L^?1 H₂O₂, pH=3.0, 30 °C and the best ratio of Coke/Fe₃O₄ 0.6, was evaluated to be 0.027 min^–1, the removal rate of COD_Cr was 75.47%, and the dissolubility of Fe was 2.42 mg·L^–1. Compared with pure Fe₃O₄, the catalytic ability of Fe₃O₄/Coke in the presence of H₂O₂ was greatly enhanced. And Fe₃O₄/Coke was a green and environmental catalyst with high catalytic activity, showing a good chemical stability and reusability.     

高级氧化组合工艺协同净化微污染水的示范生产实验

为考察催化氧化-UV/H_2O_2-生物活性炭(BAC)高级氧化组合联用工艺在实际生产中对微污染水源水的的处理效能,在淮南某水厂示范工程对微污染淮河水进行了生产实验.结果表明,催化臭氧氧化-BAC组合联用工艺对水中的UV_(254)、DOC、氨氮、CODMn及THMFP均有较好的去除效果,且不会带来溴酸盐的问题.催化臭氧氧化工艺对UV_(254)、DOC、CODMn的平均去除率分别为21.8%、8.1%、10.8%.BAC对氨氮有很好的去除效果,最高去除率可达61%;对DOC和COD_(Mn)的平均去除率分别为10.4%和15.3%.催化臭氧氧化接触池对THMFP的平均去除率为34.9%,最高去除率可达53.2%.UV/H_2O_2在示范性生产实验中,对进一步提高有机物的去除能力有限;在实际生产设计中,考虑UV分解剩余臭氧的效用建议采用:催化臭氧氧化-UV-BAC-砂滤是确保饮用水出水安全可靠的高级氧化工艺必要的组合工艺模式.研究结果可为各自来水厂处理低温低浊水、提高出厂水水质以及自来水厂整体工艺的提升改造提供借鉴和参考.     

Screening, identification and desilication of a silicate bacterium

The strain Lv（1- z） isolated from the Henan bauxite was characterized by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The influences of temperature, initial pH value, the volume of medium, shaking speed and illite concentration on the desilicating ability of the strain Lv（1- z） were investigated. The results show that the bacterium is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with oval endspores and thick capsule, but without flagellum. The biochemical and physiological tests indicate that the strain Lv（1- z） is similar to Bacillus rnucilaginosus. In GenBank the 16S rDNA sequence similarity of the strain Lv（1- z） and the B. rnucilaginosus YNUCC0001（AY571332） is more than 99%. Based on the above results, the strain Lv（1- z） is identified as B. rnucilaginosus. The optimum conditions for the strain L（1- z） to remove silicon from illite are as follows., temperature is 30℃ ;initial pH value is 7.5; medium volume in 200 mL bottle is 60 mL; shaking speed of rotary shaker is 220 r/m ; illite concentration is 1%.     

Pozzolanic Activity of Burned Coal Gangue and Its Effects on Structure of Cement Mortar

The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned at different burning temperatures was investigated. The burned coal gangue was mixed with portland cement in different proportions （ 20% - 60% ）. The pozzolanic activity of coal gangue burned and the hydration products were examined, the compressive strengths of the pastes of the mixtures were tested, and the mechanism of the reaction was discussed. The experimental results slum, that the coal gangue burned at 750 ℃ has the optimum pozzolanic activity, and the burned coal ganguc with SiO2 and Al2 O3 is in an active form. When the coal gangue burned at 750℃ is mixed into portland cement, the content of calcium hydroxide in paste is significantly reduced, while the contents of hydrated calcium silk.ate and hydrated calcium aluminate are increased accordingly, hence resulting in the improvement of the microstructure of mortar. The compressive strength of cement paste decreases with increasing the content of burncd coal gangue. The decease in strength is small in the range of 20% - 30% coal gangue substitution and significant in 30%- 60% substitution.     

生物炭负载零价纳米铁对溶液中的 Cr6+ 去除的研究

生物炭(biochar, BC)作为载体,负载纳米零价铁(nano zero valent iron, nZVI)形成复合吸附材料,利用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征材料的结构特征。研究了不同材料、初始溶液初始p H、不同初始浓度、去除剂的投加量对BC负载nZVI (nZVI-BC)去除含Cr~(6+)废水的影响。结果表明:BC的加入提高了nZVI的分散性和抗氧化性,同时提升稳定性,对于水中Cr~(6+)的去除具有较好的效果;当Cr~(6+)的初始浓度为15 mg/L,去除剂的投加量为2.5 g/L, pH=4的条件下,其去除率达到了98%; nZVI-BC去除含Cr~(6+)废水的过程符合Langmuir吸附等温式和准一级动力学方程,其中最大吸附量为209.93 mg/g。     

Removal of anionic ions from single material solution by bauxite tailings modified with FeCl3·6H2O

The adsorbabilities of the unmodified and modified bauxite tailings for Cr（Ⅵ）, As（Ⅴ） and F（Ⅰ） ions were investigated. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the removal rate as a function of adsorbent dosage, solution pH value and shaking time. The results show that the maximum removal rates of Cr（Ⅵ）, As（Ⅴ） and F（Ⅰ ） are respectively 99%, 99% and 90% by using the modified bauxite tailings. The isoelectric point of the unmodified bauxite tailings is 3.6, and that of the modified bauxite tailings is 5.0, which shifts to lower pH values in Cr（Ⅵ） solution. This indicates a specific adsorption of the anionic species on the modified bauxite railings. A new band of Cr2O72 appears in the FTIR, showing that Cr（Ⅵ） is adsorbed on the modified bauxite railings in the form of chemistry adsorption. The adsorption data of Cr（Ⅵ） on the modified bauxite tailings are well described by Freundlich model. The investigations of kinetic models show that pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best correlation for the experimental data.