2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band signals without a priori knowledge of the number of sources

In array signal processing,the existing methods for DOA estimation of wide-band signals are only related to the azimuth estimation when the number or sensors is known.It is shown that a circular array possesses several nice properties.2-D spatial-spectrum estimation for wide-band sources is performed by using a circular array of sensors with sample delay lines.Further,the Choi' s approach is extended,which was suggested to estimate DOA of narrow-band signals when the number of sensor was unknown,to wide-band signal processing.The extended approach is shown to be quite adequate for wide-band signal subspace spatial-spectrum estimation (BASS-LE),and a large aperture (r>λvin/2) circular array is found to possess superior resolution capability and robustness.     

An effective DOA method via virtual array transformation

A new DOA estimation method is presented for the virtual array transformation and the improved spatial smoothing algorithm. The new method not only overcomes the weakness of the ambiguity of DOA estimation of arbitrary array, but also improves the abilities of resolution and de-correlation. It is proven to be effective by theoretical analyses and computer simulations. What is more, the method can improve the estimation and resolution of DOA under the condition of sparse practical array.     

Data-Aided Frequency Offset Estimation with Narrowband Interference

An algorithm for carrier frequency offset estimation with narrowband interference in burstmode transmissions is proposed.The algorithm is data-aided and has a feedforward structure that can be easily implemented digitally.The principle of the algorithm is based on a properly designed training sequence and an interpolation technique.Simulation results indicate that the estimation range is about ±20% of the symbol rate.The performance is satisfactory for a signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)as low as -13 dB and the mean square error(MSE)is approximately irrelevant to signal-to-interference ratio(SIR)values over -20 dB.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation of quasi-stationary signals using two-level Khatri-Rao subspace and four-level nested array

The Khatri-Rao（KR） subspace method is a high resolution method for direction-of-arrival（DOA） estimation.Combined with 2q level nested array,the KR subspace method can detect O（N2q） sources with N sensors.However,the method cannot be applicable to Gaussian sources when q is equal to or greater than 2 since it needs to use 2q-th order cumulants.In this work,a novel approach is presented to conduct DOA estimation by constructing a fourth order difference co-array.Unlike the existing DOA estimation method based on the KR product and 2q level nested array,the proposed method only uses second order statistics,so it can be employed to Gaussian sources as well as non-Gaussian sources.By exploiting a four-level nested array with N elements,our method can also identify O（N4） sources.In order to estimate the wideband signals,the proposed method is extended to the wideband scenarios.Simulation results demonstrate that,compared to the state of the art KR subspace based methods,the new method achieves higher resolution.     

Scan matching using line segment relationships for map-based localization of mobile robot

A new scan matching method for mobile robot localization is presented, which takes line segment as the feature and matches the real scans in the given reference map by relationships of the directional-defined line segments. The alignment was done by hierarchically identifying the multiple relationships and the result was recorded in a correspondence matrix, where the best match is defined and selected for localization. It is indicated that the searching algorithm of the best match can find the ambiguities and get rid of them. This method with less computational cost works well in occluded environment, and can correct the error in pose estimation without the need for the estimation itself. The efficiency, accuracy and robustness of this method were verified by experiments of localization in an occluded environment and a long-distance indoor navigation.     

Confidential Communication Through Chaos Encryption in Wireless Sensor Network

A new byte block cipher algorithm with discrete chaos and Feistel structure has been studied for confidential communication in wireless sensor network to improve security. After permutation,the byte block was encrypted through a Feistel structure in multiple turns and afterwards replaced again. The child keys are the composite sequence of discrete chaos and linear congruence sequences. Both the plain text and cipher text are of 8 bits. The number of keys is alterable. A nonlinear encryption function in the Feistel structure with chaos was constructed. The cipher algorithm was realized in the Micaz node,and the confidential communication experiment in wireless sensor network was completed success-fully. Additional ROM memory required for the cipher algorithm is 4144 bytes and an additional RAM memory 61 bytes. The cipher algorithm is nonlinear chaos and the Feistel structure holds the best of the RC6,DES and SKIPJACK cipher algorithms.The result shows that the algorithm needs a little memory and is safe at a high level.     

Obstacle avoidance technology of bionic quadruped robot based on multi-sensor information fusion

In order to improve the ability of a bionic quadruped robot to percept the location of obstacles in a complex and dynamic environment, the information fusion between an ultrasonic sensor and a binocular sensor was studied under the condition that the robot moves in the Walk gait on a structured road. Firstly, the distance information of obstacles from these two sensors was separately processed by the Kalman filter algorithm, which largely reduced the noise interference. After that, we obtained two groups of estimated distance values from the robot to the obstacle and a variance of the estimation value. Additionally, a fusion of the estimation values and the variances was achieved based on the STF fusion algorithm. Finally, a simulation was performed to show that the curve of a real value was tracked well by that of the estimation value, which attributes to the effectiveness of the Kalman filter algorithm. In contrast to statistics before fusion, the fusion variance of the estimation value was sharply decreased. The precision of the position information is 4.6.cm, which meets the application requirements of the robot.     

Sensor array calibration for uniform rectangular array in presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors

The sensor array calibration methods tailored to uniform rectangular array （URA） in the presence of mutual coupling and sensor gain-and-phase errors were addressed. First, the mutual coupling model of the URA was studied, and then a set of steering vectors corresponding to distinct locations were numerically computed with the help of several time-disjoint auxiliary sources with known directions. Then, the optimization modeling with respect to the array error matrix （defined by the product of mutual coupling matrix and sensor gain-and-phase errors matrix） was constructed. Two preferable algorithms （called algorithm I and algorithm II） were developed to minimize the cost function. In algorithm I, the array error matrix was regarded as a whole parameter to be estimated, and the exact solution was available. Compared to some existing algorithms with the similar computation framework, algorithm I can make full use of the potentially linear characteristics of URA＇s error matrix, thus, the calibration precision was obviously enhanced. In algorithm II, the array error matrix was decomposed into two matrix parameters to be optimized. Compared to algorithm I, it can further decrease the number of unknowns and, thereby, yield better estimation accuracy. However, algorithm II was incapable of producing the closed-form solution and the iteration operation was unavoidable. Simulation results validate the excellent performances of the two novel algorithms compared to some existing calibration algorithms.     

Realizable Hardware-Based Method for Digital Modulation Classification

A new method suited for hardware implementation is developed to classify 8 different digital modulation types with raised cosine base-band impulse without knowing the carrier frequency and symbol timing. The normalized histogram of stagnation points for instantaneous parameters is used to recognize both ideal rectangular and raised cosine base-band digital signals. Carrier frequency estimation is used to enhance the recognition rate of phase-modulated signals. In the condition of 10 dB signal noise ratio （SNR）, the recognizing rate is over 80% . The new algorithm is suited for hardware implementation.     

Jamming and spoofing interferences suppression technique for satellite navigation receiver

A satellite navigation receiver that can suppress jamming interference and spoofing interference simultaneously is designed in this paper.An anti-jamming improved constrained spacial adaptive processing algorithm in signal processing and an anti-spoofing M-estimator based extended Kalman filter algorithm in information processing are proposed respectively.Simulations of the integral designed anti-interferences satellite navigation receiver demonstrate that the designed anti-interferences receiver can suppress jamming signals efficiently (above 40 dB) and ensure the normal reception of satellite signals while satellite signals and jamming signals have the similar direction of arrival (almost 10°).The designed anti-interference receiver can effectively eliminate the influence of spoofing signals on the navigation solution accuracy and maintain high accuracy of position and velocity estimation,which improves the anti-jamming and anti-spoofing capability of the satellite navigation receiver.     

基于时反-压缩感知的浅海目标DOA估计算法

浅海波导由于海底海面边界以及不均匀散射体的存在,使得其中声传播极其复杂,对信号处理造成了严重的干扰.本文针对浅海复杂环境下的多途效应对目标波达方向(Direction of Arrival, DOA)估计的不利影响,提出了一种基于时反-压缩感知(Time Reversal-Compressive Sensing, TR-CS)的目标DOA估计算法.该算法针对利用压缩感知(Compressive Sensing, CS)理论进行DOA估计时浅海多径对信道稀疏性的干扰,引入时间反转(Time Reversal, TR)理论对信号进行预处理,将时反处理后的信号再次送入信道,建立了基于时间反转理论的浅海目标DOA估计模型,利用时间反转理论的空时聚焦特性实现了对多途畸变的修正,并且以多径数目作为环境复杂度的度量,在不同复杂度环境下验证了该算法的有效性,最后分析了不同快拍数下该算法的性能.仿真结果表明:在低信噪比、小快拍的浅海条件下,时间反转理论的引入通过对接收信号的再次处理,虽然对计算量提出了要求,但是明显抑制了旁瓣杂波,提高了信道的稀疏性及阵列接收信号的信噪比,改善了复杂浅海环境下的DOA估计性能,并且在多途效应越为严重的环境中,性能提高越为明显.     

有色噪声背景下多径信号的二维DOA和极化参数同时估计算法

基于有色噪声背景下的电磁矢量传感器阵列,提出一种宽带多径循环平稳信号的二维波达方向和极化参数的同时估计算法。该算法充分利用信号的循环平稳特性,不仅解决了宽带多径信号的二维波达方向估计问题,而且具有选择估计信号波达方向的能力。该方法能够抑制有色噪声和宽带干扰的影响。计算机仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

冲击噪声环境下的快速DOA估计

目前已存在着一些适用于冲击噪声环境的稳健性DOA算法,但它们的计算量仍然较大.为了解决这一问题,对冲击噪声环境下的快速DOA估计进行了研究,并提出了一种新的分数低阶算法.新算法的原理是利用分数低阶矩阵的数据来直接构造与更新C的信号子空间.根据理论分析可知,由于新算法避免了计算量级为O(q3)(q为天线阵元数)的特征分解,其计算量级仅为O(Mq2)(M为信号数),因此它与现有算法相比,计算量更小并能更快速地估计DOA.计算机仿真证实在相同条件下,当子空间更新次数不小于2时,新算法有着与现有算法近似一致的DOA估计性能.     

智能天线中平面阵列的波达方向估计的研究

研究智能天线中平面阵列的波达方向估计．以等距线阵为基础，把每一线阵作为平面阵列的一个子线阵，信号在不同子线阵上形成的波达方向估计就构成平面阵列的波达方向估计．提出采用MUSIC算法来实现平面阵列波达方向估计的方法．阵元数目的增加，很大程度上提高了方向估计的准确性．文中模拟了现实的无线环境，在相同噪声情况下，讨论不同数目的入射信号对平面阵列的波达方向估计的影响，并在不同噪声情况下，通过多次实验得到噪声与入射角度分辨率的关系．     

DS-UWB信号DOA的估计方法

到达角估计是直接序列超宽带系统的关键技术之一。传统的到达角估计方法都基于窄带信号,不能直接应用在该系统。针对该问题,提出了一种基于四阶累积量的到达角估计方法。该方法建立在直接序列超宽带系统阵列信号的频域模型。仿真结果表明该算法有效易行,能准确估计直接序列超宽带信号的到达角。     

一种新的波达估计方法

分析了目前常用的波达角估计算法,研究了等距线阵和圆阵的特点,指出其存在关于横轴镜像对称信号源的空间模糊性,利用等距T型阵克服了这一困难。提出了一种新的基于训练序列波角达估计新算法,新算法基于如下假设:各个信号源的训练序列互相正交,并且各个信号源都是幅度为1的恒模信号。该文给出了新算法的数学推导过程,得到一个简单的波达角估计公式。应用Matlab对新算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明新算法能够快速、精确地估计波达方向。     

一种强干扰条件下阵列天线波达方向估计方法

为解决强干扰条件下阵列天线的波达方向估计问题,定义了保向正交性和特征波束的概念,证明了信源同时满足功率差和角度差较大条件时,所对应的特征矢量具有保向正交性,提出了一种基于干扰特征矢量剔除的波达方向估计算法．最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了所提算法在强干扰条件下比干扰阻塞算法有更高的估计性能．     

相干分布式目标一维波达方向搜索迭代估计方法

在信号源角分布函数具体的数学形式未知的情况下,基于角分布函数共轭对称性约束条件,提出了一种相干分布式目标一维波达方向搜索迭代估计方法,该方法不用多维参数搜索,并适用于角信号分布函数形式不同的分布式目标同时存在的情况。     

声矢量阵快速子空间方位估计算法

针对声矢量阵高分辨方位估计算法运算量大的问题,基于声压振速联合信息处理,提出了一种快速的声矢量阵高分辨方位估计算法．该算法选择参考阵元的电子旋转矢量作为期望信号,运用多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)对信号子空间进行快速估计,不需要计算声矢量阵的互协方差矩阵,不用进行特征值分解,从而大大缩减了计算量．另外,该算法基于矢量传感器声压与振速的相干性原理,充分利用了声压振速组合抗干扰能力,有效抑制了各向同性噪声．理论分析和计算机仿真表明,该算法在拥有良好DOA估计性能的同时,大大减小计算量．     

联合DOA估计与主波束形成的干扰抑制方法

为克服测距仪(DME)发射的高强度脉冲信号干扰L频段数字航空通信系统1(L-DACS1)OFDM接收机的问题,提出联合DOA估计与主波束形成的干扰抑制方法.首先接收机通过波达方向矩阵算法估计接收信号来向;然后基于信号来向通过线性约束最小方差波束形成算法提取各个方向信号;随后通过频域功率与时域功率比较算法分辨各来向信号的类型;最后输出OFDM直射径信号.仿真结果表明:该方法可显著克服DME与OFDM散射径信号干扰,提高L-DACS1系统链路传输的可靠性.