硫脲法从废旧电路板中浸取金、银的研究

废旧电路板中含有丰富的可回收金属Cu,Au,Ag,Pt,Pb等,其处理处置、无害化、资源化成为经济发展中急需解决的问题。采用硫脲法对废旧电路板中的金、银进行浸取实验,主要考察了反应时间、反应温度、硫脲浓度、Fe3＋的质量浓度、物料粒度对金及银浸出率的影响。结果表明,在最佳浸取条件下,金、银都能达到理想的浸取效果,金和银的最高浸取率分别达到90.87%和59.82%。硫脲提金法因溶金速度快,浸出时低毒、价格低廉、高效、有利于环保、干扰离子少等优点而成为取代氰化提金的绿色浸金方法。     

聚硫堇/纳米金修饰电极对NO_2~-的电催化氧化及分析应用

研究了一种基于聚硫堇/纳米金复合材料修饰电极对NO-2的电催化氧化。相对于裸玻碳电极,聚硫堇-纳米金协同催化效应使NO-2的氧化电流增强,过电位降低。详细讨论了聚合膜的厚度、纳米金吸附时间、pH缓冲介质、pH值以及干扰离子对NO-2氧化电流的影响。在最优实验条件下,测得NO-2的线性范围为3.0×10-6~1.0×10-3mol/L,检测限为1.0×10-6mol/L。该修饰电极具有灵敏度高、稳定性和重现性好、抗干扰能力强的特点,可用于实际样品中NO-2含量的测定,结果满意。     

聚硫堇/纳米金修饰电极对NO2-的电催化氧化及分析应用

研究了一种基于聚硫堇/纳米金复合材料修饰电极对NO2-的电催化氧化。相对于裸玻碳电极,聚硫堇-纳米金协同催化效应使NO2-的氧化电流增强,过电位降低。详细讨论了聚合膜的厚度、纳米金吸附时间、pH缓冲介质、pH值以及干扰离子对NO2-氧化电流的影响。在最优实验条件下,测得NO2-的线性范围为3.0×10^-6～1.0×10^-3 mol/L,检测限为1.0×10^-6 mol/L。该修饰电极具有灵敏度高、稳定性和重现性好、抗干扰能力强的特点,可用于实际样品中NO2-含量的测定,结果满意。     

高重频激光干扰机载测距机的作战运用影响研究

在分析高重频激光对机载测距机干扰原理基础上,提出有效干扰的条件。根据有效干扰条件,建立高重频激光设备的干扰方式、配置距离、重复频率选择的数学模型,探讨了千扰时机握等问题。并通过计算与仿真得出了有意义的结论,为作战运用提供参考。     

金纳米棒的制备与影响因素研究

采用晶种生长法制备金纳米棒,考察了硼氢化钠、硝酸银以及抗坏血酸的用量对金纳米棒制备的影响,并对其进行了优化;采用紫外-可见分光光度计和透射电镜显微镜对金纳米棒进行表征。实验结果表明,在最优条件下,制备了长轴35 nm,长径比为3.4,且表面光滑、形状均匀的金纳米棒。     

两种干扰方式对雷达脉冲压缩技术的影响

在简要介绍了雷达脉冲压缩技术常用的相关处理和全去斜处理技术后,详细分析了在雷达波段相同时,这2种技术适用的条件：相关处理适用于窄带雷达;全去斜处理适用于宽带雷达,以及射频噪声干扰和混沌相干干扰对这2种脉冲压缩技术的干扰效果,并分别进行了仿真实验。结果表明：在干信比相同的条件下,射频噪声干扰对窄带雷达影响显著,混沌相干干扰对这2种脉冲压缩技术都能造成强有力的干扰。     

基于金纳米粒子修饰泡沫镍电极的无酶葡萄糖传感器的制备与性能

采用电化学沉积的方法制备了金纳米粒子修饰的泡沫镍电极,基于葡萄糖在AuNPs/泡沫镍电极上的电化学氧化制备了无酶葡萄糖传感器。通过扫描电子显微镜对金纳米粒子修饰的泡沫镍电极的表面形貌进行了表征,并对氯金酸的浓度、沉积圈数、pH值等实验条件进行了优化设计。在最佳实验条件下传感器对葡萄糖的线性响应范围为2.0×10-7~1.0×10-5 mol·L-1,检出限为7.6×10-8 mol·L-1。传感器制备简单,无需特殊条件保存。     

直接序列扩频系统误码性能分析

基于直接序列扩频通信系统原理,对系统在受到均匀连续频谱干扰、部分频带干扰、脉冲干扰时的误码性能进行了分析,并用Matlab进行了仿真.理论分析与仿真结果表明,在其他条件不变的情况下,减小干扰信号带宽,可提高系统误码率.     

铧厂沟金矿床成矿热力学条件及金的迁移和沉淀

铧石沟金矿床属热液蚀变细碧岩型金矿床。本文运用包裹体地球化学和热力学方法，研究了该矿床形成的物理化学条件以及金的迁移形式和沉淀机制。结果表明，金的成矿作用主要发生在中温，中低压、中等盐度、弱碱性、较强还原条件下。金主要以Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２＾－形式迁移，而促使金沉淀的最主要机制是还原硫活度的降低。     

用353E树脂回收氰化镀金废液中的金

353E树脂是大孔双官能团阴离子交换树脂,对金具有良好的吸附性能,氰化镀金废液中的金是以Au(CN)~-_2配离子形式存在,为了回收镀金废液中的金,我们选用了353E树脂吸附法,研究了金的吸附条件,解吸条件,还原分法以及交换柱的放大实验等,为进一步工业回收提供了实验依据。     

金（Ⅲ）-罗丹明B-碘化钾体系的荧光光谱分析

采用荧光光谱法对金（Ⅲ）-罗丹明B-碘化钾水溶液体系进行了研究。探讨了溶液的pH值、碘化钾-抗坏血酸用量、表面活性剂用量、荧光剂用量和外加干扰离子对该体系荧光光谱的影响。在溶液pH=4．0和固定抗坏血酸用量的条件下,体系的荧光强度随Au（Ⅲ）含量的增加而有规律的降低。据此确定了测定Au（Ⅲ）的一种方法。Au（Ⅲ）含量在0—160ng／10mL范围内与荧光强度猝灭值呈线性关系。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度比该体系采用吸光光度法时提高了10倍以上。     

心肌损伤标志物肌酸激酶同工酶荧光检测方法的建立

肌酸激酶同工酶(Creatine kinase isoenzyme,CK-MB)是早期诊断急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)的重要标志物,该研究以荧光微球为标记物研究快速、灵敏的CK-MB荧光免疫层析检测方法。通过N-羟基琥珀酰(NHS)和1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)将荧光微球与市售的抗体共价偶联,优化抗体与荧光微球的偶联条件,对偶联获得的抗体荧光标记物进行表征,制备了CK-MB的荧光免疫层析检测卡,建立了CK-MB荧光免疫层析检测方法。荧光微球偶联率91.7%,CK-MB检测卡定量检测线性范围为1ng/ml~1000ng/ml,灵敏度达到了1ng/ml,CV值8%,回收率84%~108.3%。利用间接ELISA法对市售抗体进行筛选,获得了包被抗体以及标记抗体,建立了心肌损伤标志物肌酸激酶同工酶荧光检测方法,实现血清中CK-MB定性与定量检测,为心肌损伤标志物荧光免疫层析检测方法的研发提供了实验技术基础。     

Fabrication of metal suspending nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and isotropic reactive ion etching (RIE)

We report herein a rational approach for fabricating metal suspending nanostructures by nanoimprint lithography (NIL) and isotropic reactive ion etching (RIE). The approach comprises three principal steps: (1) mold fabrication, (2) structure replication by NIL, and (3) suspending nanostructures creation by isotropic RIE. Using this approach, suspending nanostructures with Au, Au/Ti or Ti/Au bilayers, and Au/Ti/Au sandwiched structures are demonstrated. For Au nanostructures, straight suspending nanostructures can be obtained when the thickness of Au film is up to 50 nm for nano-bridge and 90 nm for nano-finger patterns. When the thickness of Au is below 50 nm for nano-bridge and 90 nm for nano-finger, the Au suspending nanostructures bend upward as a result of the mismatch of thermal expansion between the thin Au films and Si substrate. This leads to residual stresses in the thin Au films. For Au/Ti or Ti/Au bilayers nanostructures, the cantilevers bend toward Au film, since Au has a larger thermal expansion coefficient than that of Ti. While in the case of sandwich structures, straight suspending nanostructures are obtained, this may be due to the balance of residual stress between the thin films. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20573002) and the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973Pprogram) (Grant No. 2001CB6105)     

Optical properties of Au nanoparticles coated on surface of glass or anodic aluminum oxide template

Au nanoparticles coated on the surface of glass (Sample A) or on anodic aluminum oxide template surface (Sample B) were prepared using titanium dioxide sol-gel doped with chloroauric acid and with a reduction process. FE-SEM, UV-Vis spectrum and Fluorescence spectrum tests show that Au nanoparticles have been distributed randomly on the surface of glass, while deposition occurs on the surface of regular hollows for anodic aluminum oxide template. A sharp absorption peak appears at the wavelength of 536 nm for sample B, while there is a red shift, with a broader peak for sample A. A distinct fluorescence emission at the wavelength of 633 nm is detected for sample A, but no noticeable fluorescence emission has been found for Sample B. The results indicate that the microstructure and optical properties of Au nanoparticles can be modulated by different substrate.     

Au/Au~(3+)对硅酸盐玻璃中Eu~(3+)发光性质的影响

采用熔融法制备了新颖的单掺Eu3+,Au/Eu3+和Au3+/Eu3+共掺的硅酸盐玻璃,并对这些玻璃的发光特性进行了初步研究.测试了玻璃的吸收光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱.在经过还原热处理的样品中观察到了强的Au表面等离子共振吸收带,证明了体系中确实有Au的存在.结果表明由于Au3+的存在使得O2-与Au3+发生电荷迁移,电荷迁移带的强度明显增强.发光强度在电荷迁移带(CT)240nm激发下有所增强,而在共振激发(394nm)下却减弱了.Eu3+荧光衰减寿命没有明显变化.     

Preparation, optical properties and cell staining of water soluble amine-terminated PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites

The solution chemical and optical characteristics of formation of amine-terminated polyamidoamine dendrimer G2.0（NH2-PAMAM G2.0）-Au nanocomposites in the aqueous solution of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 at various mole ratios of Au（Ⅲ） to NH2-PAMAM G2.0 were studied by both UV-visible spectrometry and fluorospectrometry. The NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites, with a type of structure in which one Au nanoparticle is surrounded by several NH2-PAMAM G2.0 dendrimers, emit strong bluish violet fluorescence, and are uniform, water soluble and biocompatible as well as very stable in frozen conditions. The size of gold nanoparticles in the nanocomposites is about 2.5 nm and decreases with the increase of NH2-PAMAM G2.0 concentration. The NH2-PAMAM G2. 0 plays an important role in acting as host or micro-reactor for Au（Ⅲ） before Au（Ⅲ） reduction and acting as dispersant and stabilizer for gold nanoparticles after Au（Ⅲ） reduction. Preliminary experiments of cells staining to human embryonic lung fibroblast cell lines show that the NH2-PAMAM G2.0-Au nanocomposites can be used as optical imaging markers for bioanalyses and medical diagnoses.     

Au/Au^3＋对硅酸盐玻璃中Eu^3＋发光性质的影响

采用熔融法制备了新颖的单掺Eu^3＋,Au/Eu^3＋和Au^3＋/Eu^3＋共掺的硅酸盐玻璃,并对这些玻璃的发光特性进行了初步研究。测试了玻璃的吸收光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱。在经过还原热处理的样品中观察到了强的Au表面等离子共振吸收带,证明了体系中确实有Au的存在。结果表明由于Au^3＋的存在使得O2与Au^3＋发生电荷迁移,电荷迁移带的强度明显增强,发光强度在电荷迁移带（CT）240nm激发下有所增强,而在共振激发（394nm）下却减弱了。Eu^3＋荧光衰减寿命没有明显变化。     

Organic light emitting diodes with p-Si anodes and semitransparent Ce/Au cathodes

The Ce (x nm)/Au (15 nm) stacked layers were used as semitransparent cathodes in the top-emission organic light emitting devices (TOLEDs) fabricated on a p-type silicon anodes and substrate, where x varies from 4 to 16. The consequence of the Ce layer thickness on transmittance and the device performance were studied when the organic layers NPB (60 nm)/ALQ (60 nm) were kept unchanged, where NPB was N, N′-bis-(1-naphthl)-diphenyl-1, 1′-biphenyl-4, 4′-diamine, and AlQ is tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum. The cathode of Ce (11 nm)/Au (15 nm) has a transparency of 46%, and the TOLED with it achieves the highest luminescence efficiencies: a current efficiency of 0.91 cd/A at 13.7 V and a peak power efficiency of 0.28 lm/W at 9 V. The turn-on voltage is 3.0 V. The Ce/Au cathode is both chemically and electrically stable.     

钬镱共掺钨酸钆钠单晶生长及光谱性能

采用中频感应提拉法,生长钬镱共掺钨酸钆钠[Ho,Yb：NaGd（WO4）2,Ho,Yb：NGW]单晶;获得了合适的Ho,Yb：NGW晶体生长工艺参数：拉速1~2mm/h,转速20~22r/min,降温速率10℃/h。测试了晶体的红外光谱和拉曼光谱,对晶体振动进行了归属。研究了Ho,Yb：NGW晶体的荧光光谱,结果表明：Ho,Yb：NGW晶体的荧光光谱波长位于1.90~2.05mm范围内,呈带状连续分布,其中最强峰的发射波长为2043nm,对应Ho3+的5I7→5I8能级跃迁,半峰宽约为100nm。     

Au/SiO_2复合薄膜的紫外光还原制备与光吸收性能

通过溶胶-凝胶法,利用紫外光辐射还原金(Au)得到了高均匀性Au/SiO2复合薄膜,并用SEM、TEM、XRD、UV-Vis光谱等手段对薄膜样品进行了性能表征,讨论了紫外光对金纳米粒子的还原机理。XRD结果表明,均匀分散于非晶SiO2中的Au纳米粒子呈现出面心立方多晶相;SEM结果表明,所得到的Au/SiO2复合薄膜中,纳米颗粒的尺寸较小,分布均匀;复合薄膜的UV谱表明,Au纳米粒子的表面等离子共振吸收峰随着焙烧温度的增加以及nAu/nSi的改变,从585nm附近逐渐红移至600nm附近,并逐渐增强,同时,nAu/nSi较大的3个薄膜样品分别在820,900和830nm附近的近红外区出现了吸收。