Effect of Relative Stress on Post-Peak Uniaxial Compression Fracture Energy of Concrete

1　IntroductionItisrealizedthatthelinearelasticfracturemechan icsisnownotapplicabletofractureinordinaryconcretestructures .Todescribethesofteningbehaviorofconcrete ,differentmodelsbasedonnon linearfracturemechanicalideaswereproposed ,suchasthefictitiouscrackmodel[1](FCM )byHillerborgetal.(1976 ) ,thecrackbandmodel[2 ] byBazant (1983) ,andthetwo parameterfrac turemodel[3 ] byJenqandShah (1985 ) .ThedifficultywithFCMliesindeterminingtheval uesofthethreeparametersbyexperiments .Toobtaintheval…     

应变软化及剪胀性土体中考虑大应变的孔扩张问题解析

采用应力跌落模型模拟土体的应变软化,以Mohr-couloub屈服准则和不相关联的流动法则考虑土体屈服塑性流动和剪胀特性,引进对数应变考虑土体的大变形,给出了应变软化及剪胀性土体中考虑大应变的孔扩张问题的弹塑性解析解,为了对比,还给出了小应变情况下位移的解析表达式.分析了大、小应变理论、不同剪胀特性、不同软化程度和考虑塑性区弹性变形与否对结果的影响.结果表明:在孔扩张压力较大时,用小应变理论会引起很大误差,必须考虑大应变;在相同扩张力作用下,土体的软化程度越高,扩张率越大,土体的剪胀角越大则扩张率越小.土体的软化和剪胀特性还影响极限扩张压力,软化越严重,极限扩张压力越小;剪胀角越大,极限扩张压力越大.     

Shear stress in MR fluid with small shear deformation in bctlattic structure

A theoretical model based on BCT lattice structure was developed. Resultant force in the BCT lattice structure was deduced, following the interaction force of two kinds of magnetic particles. According to empirical FroHlich-Kermelly law, the relationship between the magnetic induction and the magnetic field was discussed, and a predictive formula of shear stresses of the BCT lattice structure model was established for the case of small shear deformation. Compared with the experimental data for different particle volume fractions, the theoretical results of the shear stress indicate the effects of the saturation magnetization and the external magnetic field on the shear stress.     

Adiabatic shear localization evolution for steel based on the Johnson-Cook model and gradient-dependent plasticity

Gradient-dependent plasticity is introduced into the phenomenological Johnson-Cook model to study the effects of strainhardening, strain rate sensitivity, thermal-softening, and microstructure. The microstructural effect （interactions and interplay among microstructures） due to heterogeneity of texture plays an important role in the process of development or evolution of an adiabatic shear band with a certain thickness depending on the grain diameter. The distributed plastic shear strain and deformation in the shear band are derived and depend on the critical plastic shear strain corresponding to the peak flow shear stress, the coordinate or position, the internal length parameter, and the average plastic shear strain or the flow shear stress. The critical plastic shear strain, the distributed plastic shear strain, and deformation in the shear band are numerically predicted for a kind of steel deformed at a constant shear strain rate. Beyond the peak shear stress, the local plastic shear strain in the shear band is highly nonuniform and the local plastic shear deformation in the band is highly nonlinear. Shear localization is more apparent with the increase of the average plastic shear strain. The calculated distributions of the local plastic shear strain and deformation agree with the previous numerical and experimental results.     

考虑中间主应力的深埋圆形巷道弹塑性位移解

平面应变条件下的深埋圆形巷道一般忽略中间主应力的影响,但塑性区围岩的变形与实际情况会产生较大差异．为了充分考虑中间主应力对深埋圆形巷道的影响,基于平面应变假设与关联流动法则将Mohr-Coulomb准则精确匹配为Drucker-Prager准则,在此基础上推导了理想弹塑性材料在塑性阶段的中间主应力表达式;根据所得的中间主应力表达式结合关联流动法则．不引入任何假设,得出塑性区体积扩容的关系式;进一步推导了考虑中间主应力影响的深埋圆形巷道塑性区应力位移解析式,其中径向应力、切向应力及塑性区半径的表达式与卡斯特奈（Kastner）解完全一致,但卡斯特奈（Kastner）解无法得出中间主应力,而新的位移解析式则与以往的文献完全不同;经与以往文献的位移理论解比较分析知,新的位移解答更加合理．因此,考虑中间主应力的解答为深埋圆形巷道的计算与设计提供更为科学的理论基础．     

Analysis of complete plasticity assumption for solid circular shaft under pure torsion and calculation of shear stress

The distribution of shear stress on the cross-section of plastic metal solid circular shaft under pure torsion yielding,the applicability of complete plastic model assumption and the shear stress formula were researched.Based on the shear stress formula of circular shaft under pure torsion in elastic stage,the formula of torque in elastic stage and the definition of yield,it is obtained that the yielding stage of plastic metal shaft under pure torsion is only a surface phenomenon of torque-torsion angle rel...     

Effect of strain hardening and strain softening on welding distortion and residual stress of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy by simulation analysis

The effect of strain hardening and strain softening behavior of flow stress changing with temperature on welding residual stress,plastic strain and welding distortion of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy was studied by finite simulation method.The simulation results show that the weld seam undergoes strain hardening in the temperature range of 180-250 ℃,however,it exhibits strain softening at temperature above 250 ℃ during welding heating and cooling process.As a result,the strain hardening and strain softening effec...     

韧性金属平面应变拉伸失稳与应变局部化的剪切效应

讨论了韧性金属平面应变拉伸失稳与应变局部化的剪切三轴效应。对常规平面应变大变形厚向应力表达式进行了修正,计入塑性域内剪应力的影响,采用文献[1]的有限元方法进行数值模拟,并与忽略这种剪切效应的常规方法计算结果进行比较。讨论了初始表面不均匀性对剪切效应的影响程度。     

高等级公路沥青路面剪应力分析与应用

基于线弹性层状体系理论，采用路面结构有限元法，探讨高等级公路沥青路面剪应力的分布规律、影响因素及其评价方法。通过选取不同路面结构参数，包括各结构层厚度、模量和泊松比等，在不同的点位，利用BISAR程序进行力学计算和分析，提出了沥青路面抗剪强度的确定和评价方法。研究结果表明：在不考虑各结构层材料性能和厚度时，最大剪应力均分布在距路表3cm深度范围内；影响剪应力的最主要因素是沥青层模量、泊松比和基层模量；对于普通3层沥青层面层结构，上面层和中面层应进行剪应力验算，下面层可根据实际情况确定是否进行验算；验算时，需找到准确的计算点位才能计算出各层内最大剪应力。     

Unified analytical stress- strain curve for quasibrittle geomaterial in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression

Considering strain localization in the form of a narrow band initiated just at peak stress, three analytical expressions for stress - strain curves of quasibrittle geomaterial （such as rock and concrete） in uniaxial tension, direct shear and uniaxial compression were presented, respectively. The three derived stress - strain curves were generalized as a unified formula. Beyond the onset of strain localization, a linear strain-softening constitutive relation for localized band was assigned. The size of the band was controlled by internal or characteristic length according to gradient-dependent plasticity. Elastic strain within the entire specimen was assumed to be uniform and decreased with the increase of plastic strain in localized band. Total strain of the specimen was decomposed into elastic and plastic parts. Plastic strain of the specimen was the average value of plastic strains in localized band over the entire specimen. For different heights, the predicted softening branches of the relative stress- strain curves in uniaxial compression are consistent with the previously experimental results for normal concrete specimens. The present expressions for the post-peak stress - deformation curves in uniaxial tension and direct shear agree with the previously numerical results based on gradient-dependent plasticity.     

Effect of pore pressure on deformation and unstable snap-back for shear band and elastic rock system

Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua（FLAC） was used to study the influence of pore pressure on the mechanical behavior of rock specimen in plane strain direct shear, the distribution of yielded elements, the distribution of displacement and velocity across shear band as well as the snap-back （elastic rebound） instability. The effective stress law was used to represent the weakening of rock containing pore fluid under pressure. Numerical results show that rock specimen becomes soft （lower strength and hardening modulus） as pore pressure increases, leading to higher displacement skip across shear band. Higher pore pressure results in larger area of plastic zone, higher concentration of shear strain, more apparent precursor to snap-back （unstable failure） and slower snap-back. For higher pore pressure, the formation of shear band-elastic body system and the snap-back are earlier; the distance of snap-back decreases; the capacity of snap-back decreases, leading to lower elastic strain energy liberated beyond the instability and lower earthquake or rockburst magnitude. In the process of snap-back, the velocity skip across shear band is lower for rock specimen at higher pore pressure, showing the slower velocity of snap-back.     

Experimental study on rheological deformation and stress properties of limestone

The systematic experiment regarding the general uniaxial compression test and the creep deformations of the typical limestones from the surrounding rock of the highway tunnels were made.The relationship between the axial stress and the delayed deformation steady value was obtained from the creep tests under low loading stresses.By the least square method,the parameters of Nishihara creep model were calculated from the creep curves.The results indicate that the strain change always lags behind the increase o...     

考虑次剪应力的薄壁杆件扭转刚度矩阵和它的有限元分析

本文推导了薄壁杆件在翘曲位移假设下的扭转刚度矩阵,同时给出了拉(压)、弯曲和扭转下薄壁梁单元刚度矩阵。对不同截面薄壁梁单元的联接进行了研究,并用最小二乘法处理联接处的位移协调,最后给出了计算结果。     

高应力下石英砂与不同结构接触面抗剪强度的试验研究

高应力下土与结构接触面抗剪强度研究是当前井壁破裂理论研究的关键之一 .通过在DRS 1型微机高压直残剪试验系统上所进行的标准石英砂与不同基底的界面剪切特性试验研究表明 ,高应力作用下不同结构接触面的峰值强度与正应力以及残余强度与正应力之间的关系符合库仑强度准则 .咬合强度C和界面摩擦角δ取决于基底材料的刚度 ,刚度越大 ,C值越小 ,δ值越大 .高应力作用下不同结构界面剪切过程中土体都呈现出剪缩性 ,体积应变随剪切位移的增大而增大 ,体积应变受接触面的刚度和正应力共同影响     

正压力和水平筋对砌块剪力墙抗剪性能的影响

对１１片砌块剪力墙在单调加载条件下进行试验研究,分析正压力及水平筋对墙片抗剪承载力,破坏机理和变形特性的影响,并给出墙片抗剪承载力的公式。     

Entire deformational characteristics and strain localization of jointed rock specimen in plane strain compression

Shear band （SB）, axial, lateral and volumetric strains as well as Poisson＇s ratio of anisotropic jointed rock specimen （JRS） were modeled by Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua （FLAC）. Failure criterion of rock was a composited Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tension cut-off. An inclined joint was treated as square elements of ideal plastic material beyond the peak strength. Several FISH functions were written to automatically find the addresses of elements in the joint and to calculate the entire deformational characteristics of plane strain JRS. The results show that for moderate joint inclination （JI） , strain is only concentrated into the joint governing the behavior of JRS, leading to ideal plastic responses in axial and lateral directions. For higher JI, the post-peak stress-axial and lateral strain curves become steeper as JI increases owing to the increase of new SB＇s length. Lateral expansion and precursor to the unstable failure are the most apparent, resulting in the highest Poisson＇s ratio and even negative volumetric strain. For lower JI, the entire post-peak deformational characteristics are independent of JI. The lowest lateral expansion occurs, leading to the lowest Poisson＇s ratio and positive volumetric strain all along. The present prediction on anisotropic strength in plane strain compression qualitatively agrees with the results in triaxial tests of rocks. The JI calculated by Jaeger＇s formula overestimates that related to the minimum strength. Advantages of the present numerical model over the Jaeger＇s model are pointed out.     

K6角锥体系球面网壳参数化设计与受力特点分析

以K6型正、倒放三角锥体系球面网壳为研究对象,采用ANSYS软件自带参数化设计语言APDL,研制了参数化设计宏程序;实现了给定网壳跨度S、矢高F、环向对称区域份数Kn、径向节点圈数Nx等参数下,该类球面网壳的参数化建模与设计;并对其受力特点进行了分析,研究了这两类K6型球面网壳结构位移和应力分布变化规律.结果表明：（1）在跨度S、矢高F相同的情况下,可以通过增加径向节点圈数Nx的方法来提高整体结构的刚度和强度;（2） K6正放与倒放三角锥球面网壳相比,K6正放三角锥球面网壳的刚度较高,它是工程中优先选用的一种结构形式.     

New explicit algebraic stress and flux model for active scalar and simulation of shear stratified cylinder wake flow

On the numerical simulation of active scalar, a new explicit algebraic expression on active scalar flux was derived based on Wikstr?m, Wallin and Johansson model (a ^WWJ model). Reynolds stress algebraic expressions were added by a term to account for the buoyancy effect. The new explicit Reynolds stress and active scalar flux model was then established. Governing equations of this model were solved by finite volume method with unstructured grids. The thermal shear stratified cylinder wake flow was computed by this new model. The computational results are in good agreement with laboratorial measurements. This work is the development on modeling of explicit algebraic Reynolds stress and scalar flux, and is also a further modification of the a ^WWJ model for complex situations such as a shear stratified flow. Supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679019, 50009001), the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2008CB418202), the Project of “Six Talent Peak” of Jiangsu Province (08-C), Social Technology Development Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BS2006095) and the “908” Special Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. JS-908-02-06)