大方坯连铸过程中铸坯传热及凝固行为的研究

结晶器和二冷区传热对大方坯产品质量和铸机的生产率有重要影响，本文讨论了包钢引进的全国最大的方坯连铸机在拉坯时结晶器和二冷区传热情况以及坯壳凝固生长，铸坯温度的变化规律。着重讨论了电磁搅拌，过热度和拉速对坯壳凝固和生长规律的影响，指出控制铸坯凝固的主要因素是凝固潜热，影响凝固未端的最主要因素是拉速，而电磁搅拌对其影响区内的传热和坯壳生长和铸坯温度亦有重大影响。     

U74重轨大方坯开坯后中心碳偏析的演变分析

针对U74重轨钢大方坯进行了开坯前后中心碳偏析的演变分析,并进一步分析了电磁搅拌参数和连铸工艺参数对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响,采用回归分析探讨了电磁搅拌强度和连铸工艺参数过热度与铸坯中心碳偏析的关系.     

高碳钢连铸圆坯碳元素偏析的控制

分析了圆坯连铸工艺的特点及高碳钢圆坯中碳元素分布特征,并对碳元素偏析形成原因进行分析和讨论。结合连铸圆坯的工艺特点和设备条件,从结晶器电磁搅拌、浇铸钢水过热度以及连铸冷却制度三个方面提出了优化改善措施,并进行工业对比试验,得出如下结论:采用结晶器电磁搅拌电流控制在200A左右、浇铸钢水过热度控制在20℃左右、适当增加连铸冷却强度能够有效地改善高碳钢圆坯中C元素偏析。     

用M-IEMS改善重轨钢大方坯中心碳偏析和组织

以 2 8 0mm× 32 5mm重轨钢大方坯的试验数据为依据 ,分析了电磁搅拌参数和连铸工艺参数对铸坯中心碳偏析以及铸坯的低倍结构的影响 ,采用M IEMS以及与连铸工艺参数的合理匹配 ,能明显改善铸坯的中心碳偏析和铸坯的内部组织结构     

电磁搅拌技术

连铸过程采用电磁搅拌的主要作用是提高连铸坯的质量，例如去除夹杂物、消除皮下气泡、减轻中心偏析、提高连铸坯的等轴晶率．因此，在浇铸断面较大的铸坯如大方坯、大板坯以及浇铸质量要求较高或易出现质量问题的钢种时，电磁搅拌技术便成为首选．按照搅拌的位置不同，连铸电磁搅拌可分为结晶器电磁搅拌(M—EMS)、二冷区电磁搅拌(S—EMS)、凝固末端电磁搅拌(F—EMS)．目前，方坯连铸应用较多的是结晶器电磁搅拌，有时为进一步提高质量，增加凝固末端电磁搅拌，即结晶器与凝固末端联合搅拌．板坯连铸应用较多的是二冷区电磁搅拌．近年来，板坯结晶器电磁搅拌技术的应用逐渐为各国钢铁企业所重视，特别是日本在这方面的开发与应用十分活跃．     

结晶器电磁搅拌技术的应用实践

介绍了连铸电磁搅拌器的分类及其对铸坯质量的影响,以及根据不同钢种的冶金质量要求合理选择电磁搅拌器的原则,分析了马钢方坯、圆坯连铸应用结晶器电磁搅拌的冶金效果,并对存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议.     

结晶器电磁搅拌对方坯质量的影响

主要测定6机6流小方坯连铸机结晶器内磁感应强度的分布,分析铸坯的低倍检验结果。结果表明：电流和频率、浇注的钢种对结晶器电磁搅拌的使用效果有较大的影响。为了保证各流铸坯质量一致,必须对各流结晶器内的磁感应强度经常进行测定。     

SiC_P/Al水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器的设计

所设计的水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器由电磁搅拌装置和结晶器两部分构成 .电磁搅拌装置安装在中间包和结晶器之间 ,可对碳化硅铝基复合材料液在结晶前和结晶过程中进行充分搅拌 .通过对水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器基本参数计算 ,并结合实验研究 ,在理论上简要分析了水平连铸过程中金属液的形态和传热特征及其对所得到铸坯质量的影响     

SiCp／Al水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器的设计

所设计的水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器由电磁搅拌装置和结晶器两部分构成。电磁搅拌装置安装在中间包和结晶器之间,可对碳化硅铝基复合材料液在结晶前和结晶过程中进行充分搅拌。通过对水平连铸电磁搅拌结晶器基本参数计算,并结合实验研究,在理论上简要分析了水平连铸过程中金属液的形态和传热特征及其对所得到铸坯质量的影响。     

预防连铸坯缺陷的措施和新技术有哪些

无缺陷连铸坯技术是现代连铸技术中的一个永恒的主题，是实现连铸坯热送热装工艺的基础和前提．目前，主要采取的预防连铸坯缺陷的措施和新技术有：（1）采用大包下渣检测技术，主要目的是杜绝大包渣进入中间包，提高中间包钢水的洁净度．（2）采用结晶器电磁制动技术，减弱铸流冲击，提高质量．（3）结晶器液面自动控制．（4）压缩铸造技术．（5）电磁搅拌．（6）开发铸坯表面缺陷检测技术．（7）铸坯质量管理．     

磁场对离心铸造SiCp/Al合金基复合材料中颗粒分布的影响

采用一种新型的工艺制备ＳｉＣ_Ｐ／Ａｌ合金基复合材料,即在传统离心铸造工艺条件下引入稳恒直流磁场,利用工艺中的电磁搅拌作用使离心铸造复合材料的偏聚情况得以改善,并探讨了稳直流磁场对颗粒分布均匀性的作用机理．     

半固态ZA27合金电磁搅拌工艺及其组织和性能的研究

采用电磁搅拌装置制备ZA27合金半固态浆料,研究不同搅拌参数对非枝晶组织和性能的影响。结果表明;搅拌电流越大,晶粒越细小致密,搅拌时间短不足以打碎、圆整ZA27凝固时的先结晶组织,搅拌时间长,先结晶相易发生聚集长大,导致力学性能下降。搅拌时间10 min左右,ZA27合金的组织和性能较佳。     

Preparation of CuCr alloys by thermit-reduction electromagnetic stirring

The influences of the additive CaF2, different molds, mold pre-heating temperature, electromagnetic stirring, and alloying elements on CuCr have been investigated respectively during the preparation of CuCr alloys by thermit-reduction electromagnetic stirring. The results indicate that the reasonable reactant mass ratio of CuO: Cr2O3: Al is 100:140:160; CaF2 can reduce the solidifica- tion point of slags to improve the metal separating efficiency from slags; the crystal particles become thinner because of the high cooling velocity in the metal mold; while casting in the graphite mold, the casting properties of CuCr improve with the increase of pre-heating temperature; the compact alloys are prepared at 500°C; electromagnetic stirring can prevent the growth of dendrite crys- tal into refine crystal particles, as well as homogenize Cu and Cr to improve the CuCr properties; the optimal stirring time is 7 min; when the alloying elements Ni and Co are added to the reactants, elements Cu and Cr can distribute evenly but the crystal particles become thick.     

Microstructural formation of semi-solid AZ91D alloy stirred by electromagnetic field

With the help of an electromagnetic stirring device, alloy melt quenching and EBSD (electron back scatter diffraction)analysis technology, the microstructure of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry stirred by rotational electromagnetic field under different stirring power conditions has been studied. The results show that the size of primary α-Mg phase is reduced obviously when the solidifying alloy melt is stirred by rotational electromagnetic field, moreover, the primary α-Mg grains are changed to fine rosette grains or spherical grains which are proved to belong to the different grains in three-dimension by the EBSD analysis technology. The results also show that the stirring power is an important processing parameter in the preparation of the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry. The larger the stirring power, the finer the primary α-Mg grains, the less the rosette primary α-Mg grains, and the more the spherical primary α-Mg grains. Theoretical analysis indicates that a stronger flow motion leads to a more even temperature field and solute field and a stronger man-made temperature fluctuation in the alloy melt so that the specially fine rosette and/or spherical primary α-Mg grains are formed in the semi-solid AZ91D magnesium alloy slurry.     

电磁铸造实验和数值模拟

通过实验室小型电磁铸造铝及其合金的冷、热态的实验和数值模拟并经工业装置的验证,研究了电磁结晶器内的磁场分布,液体金属柱成型特性.电磁结晶器及屏蔽罩结构的优化,铸造过程中金属液的温度场与流场并进行数值模拟.研究表明:为了稳定进行铸造,液柱的成型特性(液柱高度、形状和稳定性)必须达到一定要求.为了保证电磁铸造时金属液顺利成型,选择适当的功率,确保合适的磁场强度形成一定的推力是必要的.温度场的研究可以看出电磁铸造具有一系列特点,如强烈水冷、电磁搅拌、感应加热,使得电磁铸造中的凝固过程大大不同于普通的直接铸造法的凝固过程.流动场的分析说明,电磁铸造条件下应控制搅拌强度,以便获得良好的铸坯内部组织.     

Preparation of semisolid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry through weak traveling-wave electromagnetic stirring

The semisolid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry with large capacity was prepared by low superheat pouring and week traveling-wave electromagnetic stirring.The effects of electromagnetic stirring power and frequency on the shape and distribution of primary α-Al grains in the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry were discussed.The experimental results show that the AlSi7Mg alloy slurry with fine and spherical primary α-Al grains distributed homogeneously can be obtained.Under the condition of low superheat pouring and week traveling-wave...     

New method for the preparation of semi-solid AISi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated.The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650 ℃,many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like,and only a small number of them are spherical.However,if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time,then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical,and only a few are rosette-like.The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt,which is poured at a lower superheat,and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time,so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains.The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

半固态浆料制备过程的电磁-热-流体数值模拟

为了优化半固态浆料制备工艺,针对低频电磁搅拌半固态浆料制备系统,建立了电磁-热-流体数学模型,并在给定的定解条件下,利用ANSYS软件进行了电磁场、流场以及温度场的耦合数值模拟.结果表明,磁感应强度的径向分量大于切向分量,因此,电磁力的切向分量远大于径向分量,并且电磁力随励磁电流强度和频率的增加而增大;浆料速度的切向分量远大于径向分量,边界无滑移使得浆料切向速度近似呈抛物线分布;电磁搅拌使得浆料外半径处的温度梯度加大,而内半径附近出现了等温区,并据此给出了电磁搅拌有助于制备等轴细晶半固态组织的一个物理解释.     

New method for the preparation of semi-solid AlSi7Mg alloy slurry

The effects of pouring temperature and short electromagnetic stirring with low strength on the microstructures of AlSi7Mg alloy were investigated. The results show that if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at 630 or 650℃, many primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt are rosette-like, and only a small number of them are spherical. However, if liquid AlSi7Mg alloy is poured at a lower superheat and meanwhile is stirred by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time, then most primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt become spherical, and only a few are rosette-like. The theoretical analysis indicates that the strengthened melt flow motion induced by the short electromagnetic stirring makes the temperature field more homogeneous in the melt, which is poured at a lower superheat, and makes the primary α-Al grains deposit in a larger region at the same time, so this new solidification kinetic condition leads to the microstructure of spherical primary α-Al grains. The experiments also demonstrate that pouring at an appropriate superheat and stirring by an electromagnetic field at a low power for a short time is a good new method for preparing the semi-solid slurry or billet of AlSi7Mg alloy.     

Effect of M-EMS on the solidification structure of a steel billet

Effects of mold electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS) on the solidification structure of 45# steel billet were investigated by examination of interdendritic corrosion. The results show that the primary and secondary dendrite arm spacings increase from the edge of the billet to the center and decrease obviously with increasing electromagnetic torque, which will be beneficial to refine the solidification structure and enlarge the equiaxed crystal zone. The ratio of equiaxed crystal increases by 15.9% with the elec...