改性活性炭的制备表征及吸附Zn~（2＋）的影响因素

采用不同方法对活性炭（GAC）进行表面改性处理,通过BET,Boehm滴定、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FT-IR）测定等方法对改性前后活性炭进行了表征分析,并在不同反应条件下,考察了活性炭改性前后对Zn2＋吸附效果.结果表明：活性炭经不同方法改性后,比表面积和表面各种含氧官能团的种类和数量发生变化,经过硝酸氧化改性的活性炭比表面积有所增加,其官能团总量上增加明显;在pH中性条件下,GAC对Zn2＋的去除率为12%左右,10%N-GAC对Zn2＋的去除率为37%左右,70%N-GAC对Zn2＋的去除率为44%左右,改性后的活性炭对Zn2＋去除率有较大的提高;随着活性炭投加量的增加,各种改性活性炭对Zn2＋去除率都有较大的提高;pH值是影响Zn2＋的吸附去除率的最大因素,随着pH的增大,3种吸附剂对Zn2＋的去除率均增大.动力学研究表明：10%N-GAC吸附Zn2＋反应在前30min属于Lagergren准一级（PFO）反应,吸附30min后的反应属于Lagergren准二级（PSO）反应.     

低温等离子体处理对聚乳酸非织造布材料性能的影响

采用低温等离子体处理技术对聚乳酸非织造布材料进行不同时间的等离子体处理,计算处理前后的失重率,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分别考察了试样的表面形态和内部结构的变化,分析了处理时间对试样的润湿接触角和自然降解性能的影响.结果表明:在一定时间范围内,增加处理时间,聚乳酸非织造布的失重率逐渐增大,润湿接触角逐渐下降,经处理5 min后,由原来的113.86°下降为70.27°.这表明由于低温等离子体处理会对材料表面产生一定的刻蚀,同时增加了一些官能团尤其是亲水性基团,最终使其吸湿性和生物降解性都有所提高.     

ACF氮等离子体改性对负载型TiO2催化剂光催化性能的影响

为了解载体表面改性对负载型光催化剂表面活性的影响,采用氮等离子体对活性炭纤维表面进行改性,并以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,水解法负载TiO2,制备了复合光催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合光催化剂的表面形貌;用氮气吸附法比较了活性炭纤维表面改性前后负载TiO2样品的比表面积和孔隙分布的情况;利用XPS测试分析了利用改性前后活性炭纤维负载TiO2的复合光催化剂表面的化学结构。结果表明,载体表面改性前后获得的复合光催化剂样品具有相似的形貌和孔隙结构;而载体经表面改性后获得的复合光催化剂表面吸附氧物种量提高了近3％,用其光催化净化浓度为20mg／m^3的甲醛气体400min,甲醛的降解率达98％以上。     

活性炭表面的冷等离子体改性

本文采用LWF—B型等离子低温灰化装置用空气冷等离子气氛处理活性炭表面,并通过SEM、XRD、ESCA、LRSS及比表面的测定研究了活性炭在处理前后表面性状的变化。实验结果表明,活性炭表面结构非常复杂,处理后活性炭孔隙结构发生了变化,比表面积增大,表面含氧基团增多。并对处理时间、功率及活性炭颗粒度的大小对处理结果的影响进行了讨论。     

改性海泡石催化剂协同低温等离子体脱除NOx

为了环境保护的目的,采用盐酸浸泡和硝酸铜改性海泡石,并经高温煅烧制得改性海泡石催化剂,在介质阻挡放电反应器中该催化剂协同低温等离子体氧化脱除汽车尾气中的NO。试验证明低温等离子体协同改性海泡石催化剂能够有效脱除NO,反应器输入电压、酸浸浓度以及催化剂煅烧温度对NO脱除率有显著影响。NO脱除率随输入电压增大而增加,等离子体能够有效提高活性粒子和氧自由基浓度,以及增大催化剂的活性和吸附性能。NO脱除率随酸浸浓度和煅烧温度的增大先增加而后降低,NO脱除率具有最佳峰值。最佳实验条件为等离子体输入电压〉30kV、盐酸浓度1．5mol／L左右、煅烧温度400℃左右。NO最大脱除率可达88．49／5左右。该研究为脱除NOx的工业性应用提供了理论依据。     

铜盐改性活性炭去除养殖场中的硫化氢

养殖场恶臭气体带来的环境污染日益受到人们的重视,它的治理已成为亟待解决的问题.通过高温水热化学改性与硫酸铜溶液浸渍联合对活性炭进行改性,在自制的固定床吸附装置中,考察了改性活性炭在不同条件下吸附养殖场中硫化氢的效果.结果表明,低温对物理吸附有利,但是对化学吸附不利,温度升高化学吸附增强,但同时物理吸附减弱,在80℃时两种吸附达到最佳平衡状态;随着空速增加,气体流速也增大,H2S分子在固定床中的停留时间缩短,吸附容量也随之减小.进气浓度在150～850 mg/m3范围内,改性活性炭对H2S的吸附能力随着浓度增加逐渐降低且穿透时间也缩短.同时,通过BET、FTIR（傅里叶变换红外光谱分析）、TPD（程序升温脱附）和Boehm滴定酸碱官能团等方法对改性前后活性炭进行表征,认为活性炭孔隙结构、官能团种类及数量和表面酸碱性对活性炭吸附H2S的能力有重要影响.     

聚丙烯腈超滤膜低温氧等离子体表面改性

研究了聚丙烯腈（ＰＡＮ）平板超滤膜的低温氧等离子体表面改性，结果表明，改性后的ＰＡＮ超滤膜透水率降低，截留率上升，研究了低温等离子体条件放电功率、反应腔压力、改性处理时间）对改性结果的影响。实验研究表明，低温等离子体表面改性技术可用于ＰＡＮ超滤膜的改性。     

硝酸氧化改性煤基炭膜及其表面含氧官能团生成调控研究

采用硝酸氧化法对煤基炭膜表面进行氧化改性,通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TGA)对炭膜表面含氧官能团进行定性和定量分析,研究氧化改性过程及工艺条件,来调控引入炭膜表面含氧官能团的种类和数量.研究结果表明:炭膜表面氧化程度与硝酸浓度和改性温度有关;整个氧化过程分为2个步骤,首先C-O和C=O等官能团被引入炭膜表面,然后其进一步氧化成COO官能团,其中第1步容易发生,而第2步则需要通过提高硝酸浓度和反应温度来实现.     

CF4/CH4等离子体处理聚丙烯的燃烧性能和热稳定性

CF4 CH4 等离子体对聚丙烯进行表面阻燃改性 ,在整个CF4 体积分数范围内可分三个区域 .区域 1(0 %～83 .3 % )内 ,随着CF4 体积分数的增加 ,燃烧速率逐渐增加 .区域 2 (83 .3 %～ 96.2 % )内 ,随着CF4 体积分数的增加 ,燃烧速率反而下降 .区域 3 (96.2 %～ 10 0 % )内 ,随着CF4 体积分数的增加 ,燃烧速率又反而升高 .先经CH4 等离子体预处理 ,在样品表面先沉积一层高度交联的聚合碳膜作为阻挡层 ,在一定程度上提高了聚合物薄膜的阻燃性 ,由实验证实了交联作用对等离子体改性聚合膜的表面所起的阻燃作用     

氨解改性煤基活性炭电极材料的电化学性能

以印尼褐煤为原料、KOH活化法制备的煤基活性炭,采用氨水在高压条件下对其进行改性,应用N2吸附仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表征了活性炭的孔结构和表面化学性质,测定了活性炭制作的电极在3mol/L KOH电解液中的电化学性能.结果表明,经过氨水高压改性处理的活性炭的比表面积和孔结构变化不大,但改性后活性炭表面的N原子含量增多,活性炭表面负载上一定量的C-N,N-H和-NO2等含氮官能团;改性后活性炭的比电容可达348F/g,比改性前提高27%;改性后活性炭电极的导电性增强,循环充放电性能更好,在42.5mA/g的电流密度下经1 000次循环充放电,比电容的保持率可达98.9%.     

Effect of the surface properties of an activated coke on its desulphurization performance

Commercial coke was modified by H2O2 and/or NH3·H2O to obtain an activated coke containing additional oxygen func-tional groups and/or nitrogen functional groups. The aim of the modification was to enhance the SO2 adsorption capacity of the activated coke. Several techniques, including total nitrogen content measurements, SO2 adsorption, XPS and FTIR analysis, were used to characterize the coke samples. The XPS and FTIR spectra suggest the existence of-CONH2 groups in the H2O2 plus ammo-nia modified coke. The SO2 adsorption capacity of an activated coke increases slightly with an increase in H2O2 concentration dur-ing the modification process. The desulphurization performance of a modified coke is considerably enhanced by increasing the treatment temperature during ammonia modification. The amount of nitrogen in a coke modified by H2O2 plus NH3·H2O is the highest, and the SO2 adsorption capacity of the coke is also the highest (89.9 mg/gC). The NH3·H2O (only) modified sample has lower nitrogen content and lower desulphurization capacity (79.9 mg/gC). H2O modification gives the lowest SO2 adsorption capacity (28.9 mg/gC). The H2O2 pre-treatment is beneficial for the introduction of nitrogen onto the surface of a sample during the following ammonia treatment process.     

Effect of surface modification of activated carbon on its adsorption capacity for NH3

To investigate the effects of carbon surface characteristics on NH3 adsorption, coal-based and coconut shell activated carbons were modified by treatment with oxidants. The surface properties of the carbons were characterized by low temperature nitrogen sorption, by Boehm's titrations and by XPS techniques. NH3 adsorption isotherms of the original and the modified carbons were determined. The results show that the carbons were oxidized by HNO3 and (NH4)2S2O8, and that there was an increase in oxygen containing functional groups on the surface. However, the pore-size distribution of the coal-based carbons was changed after KMnO4 treatment. It was found that the NH3 adsorption capacity of the modified carbons was enhanced and that the most pronounced enhancement results from (NH4)2S2O8 oxidation. Under our experimental conditions, the capacity is positively corrected to the number of surface functional groups containing oxygen, and to the number of micro-pores. Furthermore, an empirical model of the relationship between NH3 adsorption and multiple factors on the carbon surface was fit using a complex regression method.     

活性炭表面改性及其苯酚吸附性能研究

采用稀硝酸氧化和氮气气氛高温处理两种方法对市售活性炭进行表面改性,采用比表面分析仪、红外吸收光谱和Boehm滴定对改性前后活性炭进行表征,并测定活性炭对苯酚的吸附等温线,探讨影响活性炭对苯酚吸附能力的因素。结果表明：表面改性不仅增加了活性炭的比表面积和孔容,还改变了其表面化学性质。活性炭表面化学性质对苯酚吸附能力有着更重要影响,随着活性炭表面酸性官能团的增加,活性炭对苯酚吸附能力下降;酸性官能团数量减少,吸附能力增加。     

氨等离子体改性对碳纳米管氧还原性能的影响

为了提高碳纳米管的氧还原性能,利用氨等离子体对碳纳米管进行了表面改性处理. 采用透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱对改性前后碳纳米管的结构进行了表征,利用电化学方法比较分析了改性前后碳纳米管的氧还原性能. 研究发现,氨等离子体改性对碳纳米管的结构未产生明显的影响,改性后ID/IG值无变化,但改性后碳纳米管的氧还原起始电位为-146 mV、半峰电位高-243 mV、动力学电流为17.42 mA/cm2、电子转移数目为3.0,其均高于碳纳米管的相应参数. 等离子体表面改性工艺简单,改性后对氧还原性能显著提高.     

PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面性能改性研究

PET纤维表面呈惰性、不易与树脂浸润，有必要对PET纤维表面进行处理，提高PET纤维的的表面活性，进而提高PET纤维／环氧复合材料界面性能．采用冷等离子体技术对PErr纤维进行表面处理，利用ESCA和SEM分析了冷等离子体处理前后PET纤维表面的元素组成和层间剪切断口形貌的变化；研究了冷等离子处理前后浸润性、PET纤维／环氧复合材料界面性能的变化。结果表明：经冷等离子体处理PET纤维表面含氧和氮的极性基团增加、浸润性改善显著，进而使涤纶纤维／环氧复合材料界面剪切强度提高。     

Surface Modification Mechanism of Fine Coal by Electrochemical Methods

In order to reveal the surface modification mechanism of fine coal by electrochemical methods, the structural changes of the coal surface before and after electrochemical modification were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra （FTIR） and Raman Spectra. The results show that under certain electrochemical conditions, the oxy- gen-containing functional group in the coal structure and the oxygen content of absorption could be reduced and the floatability of coal improved. At the same time, the sulfur in the coal was reduced to the hydrophilic S^2- which could be separated easily from coal. Thus electrochemical modification methods could be used to change the structure and functional group on the coal surface and to enhance the floatability of coal.     

PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面性能改性研究

PET纤维表面呈惰性、不易与树脂浸润,有必要对PET纤维表面进行处理,提高PET纤维的的表面活性,进而提高PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面性能。采用冷等离子体技术对PET纤维进行表面处理,利用ES-CA和SEM分析了冷等离子体处理前后PET纤维表面的元素组成和层间剪切断口形貌的变化;研究了冷等离子处理前后浸润性、PET纤维/环氧复合材料界面性能的变化。结果表明:经冷等离子体处理PET纤维表面含氧和氮的极性基团增加、浸润性改善显著,进而使涤纶纤维/环氧复合材料界面剪切强度提高。     

Surface functional groups and redox property of modified activated carbons

A series of activated carbons (ACs) were prepared using HNO3, H2O2 and steam as activation agents with the aim to introduce functional groups to carbon surface in the ACs preparation process. The effects of concentration of activation agent, activation time on the surface functional groups and redox property of ACs were characterized by Temperature Program Desorption (TPD) and Cyclic Voitammetry (CV). Results showed that lactone groups of ACs activated by HNO3 increase with activation time, and the carboxyl groups increase with the concentration of HNO3. Carbonyl/quinine groups of ACs activated by H2O2 increase with the activation time and the concentration of H2O2, although the acidic groups decrease with the concentration of H2O2. The redox property reflected by CV at 0 and 0.5 V is different with any kinds of oxygen functional groups characterized by TPD, but it is consistent with the SO2 catalytic oxidization/oxidation properties indicated by TPR.     

低温Ni/AC脱硫剂的制备与表征

采用过量浸渍法制备了Ni/AC脱硫剂,着重考察了酸预处理和操作条件对Ni/AC脱硫性能的影响,同时用BET、XPS和XRD对脱硫剂的织构和结构性能进行了表征.结果表明:酸预处理能增加活性炭载体的比表面积和孔容,提高表面含氧官能团的比例;酸预处理能显著提高Ni/AC的脱硫活性,表现出高的低温脱硫活性;操作条件对Ni/AC的脱硫活性具有较大的影响,脱硫反应必须在适宜反应条件下进行,Ni/AC脱硫剂才能表现出好的脱硫活性.