Effects of chairside polishing and brushing on surface roughness of acrylic denture base resins

The effects of 3 chairside polishing kits and mechanical brushing on the surface roughness of 3 different acrylic denture base resins were compared. Acrylic denture base resins (auto-polymerizing, heat-polymerizing, injected heat-polymerizing resins) were examined after a tungsten carbide bur, and after chairside polishing using 3 polishing kits and pumice. The specimens were subjected to mechanical brushing using a wear tester to simulate 30 000 strokes of brushing. The surface roughness of the acrylic denture base resin specimens was measured using a contact profilometer. After the test, the random polished acrylic resins were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Acrylic denture base resins polished using the 3 types of polishing kits had a smoother surface than those finished with the tungsten carbide bur (p<0.05). The surface of the resin polished by a TC cutter exceeded the R _a of 0.2 μm (p<0.05). The auto-polymerizing resin showed a significantly higher surface roughness than the heat-polymerizing resin and injected heat-polymerizing resin (p>0.05). In the case of polishing step wise, there was almost no change in surface roughness after brushing (p>0.05).     

联肢剪力墙墙肢附加轴力计算方法及其影响分析

为解决目前计算墙肢附加轴力需要复杂的数值模拟或繁琐的解析求解的问题,并量化附加轴力对联肢墙承载力的影响,选取合适的坐标系,基于连续连杆法建立了以附加轴力为未知函数的微分方程,推导了三种不同形式水平荷载作用下新的墙肢附加轴力解析公式,给出附加轴力简便实用的计算方法,并与现有方法和数值模拟计算结果进行对比;利用本文方法分析了影响附加轴力大小的主要因素;采用联肢墙受弯和受剪强度指标,分析了附加轴力对联肢墙承载力的影响。研究结果表明:利用本文方法只要已知联肢墙几何尺寸和水平荷载形式,即可快速准确地得到联肢墙墙肢的附加轴力,与现有方法相比,本文方法更加简便;同一个联肢墙在不同形式水平荷载作用下,其附加轴力的大小受总倾覆力矩的影响比基底剪力更明显;附加轴力虽然会降低联肢墙受剪承载力和两片墙肢总受弯承载力,但随着附加轴力的增加,联肢墙整体受弯承载力近似呈线性增加。     

Influence of Polycarboxylic-type Admixture on the Strength of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

The influence of polycarboxylic-type admixture on the strength of autoclaved aerated concrete(AAC) was investigated. The flexural strength and compressive strength of AAC with polycarboxylic admixture(PA) were tested. The microstructure of AAC reinforced by PA was analyzed using scanning electron microscopic(SEM) methods. The crystal structure analysis of AAC with PA was also carried out using X-ray diffraction(XRD). The results showed that the compressive strength and flexural strength of AAC were increased by 43.9% and 42.8%, respectively, when 1.5wt% of PA was mixed. In addition, the dosage of admixture influenced the reinforcing effect. Admixture affected pore structure and surface characteristic of the products in autoclaved curing process and improved the formation of high crystallite tobermorite which led to the enhancement of the compressive and flexural strength of AAC.     

贫混凝土基层疲劳特性研究

贫混凝土用于路面基层时,由于受到荷载应力和温度应力的反复作用,需研究其疲劳特性.通过分析室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验结果,得出贫混凝土的疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,据此建立了不同应力水平和等效应力水平下两种形式的疲劳方程.通过对比,得出贫混凝土的疲劳性能优于其他常用半刚性基层材料.利用得出的疲劳方程,建立贫混凝土作为水泥混凝土路面下面层荷载应力计算的疲劳应力系数,以及作为沥青路面基层时,进行层底弯拉应力验算的弯拉强度结构系数.     

Mechanical properties of layered steel fiber and hybrid fiber reinforced concrete

To explore a new structure form of fiber reinforced concrete, namely, the layered steel fiber and layered hybrid fiber reinforced concrete （LSFRC and LHFRC）, the mechanical properties of LSFRC and LHFRC, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, fatigue and durability were focused on. The experimental results show that LSFRC and LHFRC can improve the flexural strength of concrete by 20%-50%. In the aspect of improving the flexural strength of concrete, adulterant rate has more obvious effect than length/diameter ratio. Double logarithmic fatigue equation considered liveability was founded. The impermeability of LHFRC is superior to LSFRC and plain concrete （C）. However, the porosity of LHFRC is lower than LSFRC and C. The shrinkage of LHFRC at every age is obviously lower than C. The antifreeze durability of LHFRC is also better than C.     

RPC材料的抗折强度尺寸效应研究

为了研究活性粉末混凝土材料（RPC）的抗折强度尺寸效应，采用3种试块测量RPC材料抗折强度。通过统计分析、数据拟合，并应用Bazant断裂力学尺寸效应理论分析RPC材料尺寸效应现象。结果表明：RPC材料试块的尺寸越小，其抗折强度越大，具有明显的尺寸效应现象；基于Bazant能量释放的尺寸效应和无切口情况下的尺寸效应分别在一定的尺寸范围内与试验结果吻合良好，但是不适用于全尺寸范围；本文提出的修正公式在全尺寸范围内都能较好反映RPC抗折强度．     

超高泵送钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度和弯曲韧性

参照美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)试验方法,对满足超高距离泵送要求且抗裂性能优异的纤维混凝土的初裂强度和弯曲韧性进行了研究。借助弯曲荷载-挠度全曲线,分析了纤维掺量和类型对韧性指数和初裂荷载的影响。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的抗弯初裂强度、极限强度和弯曲韧性均随纤维掺量的增大而提高。其中,纤维体积率为0.8%,泵送高度达306 m的钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度和极限强度比基准混凝土分别提高了15.6%和31.4%,韧性指数I5提高5.22倍,I10提高8.7倍,I20提高12.39倍。     

公路桥梁中陶粒混凝土梁承载力的研究

目的研究陶粒混凝土梁的正截面受弯承载力和斜截面受剪承载力.方法进行6根陶粒混凝土梁和2根普通混凝土梁的正截面受弯承载力试验,分析陶粒混凝土梁正截面受弯的破坏特征,提出了陶粒混凝土梁正截面受弯承载力的计算方法,并将试验实测值与公式计算值进行了比较.基于陶粒混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力的试验数据,按照目标可靠指标的要求,提出了陶粒混凝土梁斜截面受剪承载力的计算公式,并对该计算公式进行了可靠度分析.结果正截面受弯承载力的试验实测值与公式计算值的比值是1.064;斜截面受剪承载力计算公式的可靠指标为4.966.结论笔者提出的计算方法和计算公式用来计算公路桥梁中陶粒混凝土梁的承载力是安全可靠的.     

Mechanical Properties of Layered Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

1　IntroductionManyexpertsandscholarshavebeentryingtoim provethepropertiesofconcrete (mainlyimprovetensilestrengthandtoughness)foralongtime .Fiberreinforcedconcrete,akindofcompositematerialmadeofconcreteandreinforcingmaterials ,bymetalfibers ,inorganicfi bers ,organicfibersetc ,hasbeenstudiedandappliedlargelyasaneffectivewaytostrengthenconcrete .General lyspeaking ,highmodulusfiber (suchassteelfiber)cannotablyimprovethestrengthandtoughnessofconcrete ,butitscostishigh ;whilelowmodulusfiber (suc…     

Enhanced flexural performance of epoxy polymer concrete with short natural fibers

Epoxy polymer concrete (EPC) has found various applications in civil engineering. To enhance the flexural performance of EPC, two kinds of short natural fibers with high specific strength (sisal fibers and ramie fibers) have been incorporated into EPC. The results of mechanical tests show that a small loading of natural fibers (0.36 vol%) can significantly increase the flexural strength of EPC by 25.3% (ramie fibers) or 10.4% (sisal fibers). This enhancement is achieved without any sacrifice of compressive strength of EPC. The reinforcing effects of short natural fibers on the flexural properties and compressive properties of EPC decrease with further increase in fiber content, due to the insufficient wetting of fibers by epoxy resin which results in poor interfacial bonding. The reinforcing mechanisms of short natural fibers are explored according to the observation of fracture surfaces and micromechanical modelling. It is found that the parallel model based on the rule of mixture can be a good approximation to describe the improvement in flexural strength of the short natural fiber reinforced EPC at low fiber volume fractions.     

高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度

完成了150块不同再生粗骨料取代率（0%、30％、50%、70％、100％）下再生混凝土棱柱体试块在20℃～800℃下的高温试验。通过对高温中和高温后试验现象与数据的对比,研究了高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度,分析了高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度与经历温度之间的相互关系与变化特点,同时与已有高温后再生混凝土的残余抗压强度进行了对比分析。最后,提出了基于试验统计的再生混凝土残余抗折强度与经历温度之间的建议公式。结果表明：随经历温度的升高,高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度整体上逐渐下降;与残余抗压强度相比,再生粗骨料取代率对高温后再生混凝土的残余抗折强度影响不明显。     

污水-干湿循环耦合作用下钢纤维混凝土腐蚀性能试验研究

通过钢纤维混凝土在生活污水-干湿循环和工业废水-干湿循环耦合作用下的试验,研究了钢纤维混凝土耐污水腐蚀性能,并以抗压强度、抗折强度、抗压腐蚀系数、抗折腐蚀系数表述分析试验成果.结果表明:提高腐蚀液浓度、缩小试件尺寸和干湿循环可以有效提高耐久性试验效率;污水-干湿循环对钢纤维混凝土的腐蚀程度与试验龄期呈非线性关系;钢纤维体积分数越大,其抗污水-干湿循环腐蚀性能越好;工业废水-干湿循环对钢纤维混凝土试件的腐蚀程度强于生活污水-干湿循环;抗压腐蚀系数和抗折腐蚀系数能够更加精确地表述耐久性试验结果.     

基于钢纤维混凝土铺装层抗折强度的试验研究

通过对30组共90个试件进行的有关钢纤维混凝土(SFRC)抗折试验的研究,着重讨论两种不同类型和不同体积率的钢纤维对混凝土抗折强度的影响,得出SFRC抗折强度与抗压强度、劈拉强度等之间的关系,为南阳高速公路桥面铺装工程的应用提供参考.研究结果表明:随着钢纤维体积率的增大,SFRC的抗折强度也随着线性提高,抗折强度与抗压强度之比也随着呈上升趋势;SFRC抗折强度随着劈拉强度的提高而提高,但随着钢纤维体积率的增大,SFRC的抗折强度与劈拉强度比呈下降趋势.     

粉煤灰对砂浆强度影响的实验研究

探讨了高烧失量粉煤灰对砂浆强度的影响。用不同掺量的粉煤灰做了两组实验，测试结果表明：粉煤灰砂浆的用水量随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加；在蒸养后，粉煤灰砂浆试块的抗压和抗折强度比无粉煤灰试块有较大的提高；当粉煤灰掺量占水泥量的３０％时，其抗压和抗折强度最高；在标差２８ｄ后，粉煤灰掺量大于３０％的砂浆试块抗压和抗折强度比无粉煤灰试块有所降低。     

碱-矿渣-锰合金渣胶凝材料的研制

锰合金渣是生产锰系合金排放的工业废弃物,近年来锰矿资源的开采和利用发展迅速,产生的大量锰渣造成了严重的环境污染。将锰合金渣与矿渣复合,制备了碱-矿渣-锰合金渣胶凝材料,测试了所制备胶结材的抗压和抗折强度,利用扫描电镜分析了其微观结构。研究结果表明,随着锰渣掺量增加,碱-矿渣-锰渣胶凝材料的强度总体呈降低趋势;提高锰渣细度,所制备的胶凝材料强度亦随之增加;碱激发下磨细锰合金渣具有一定的水化硬化活性,其活性低于磨细矿渣。     

FB/PP混杂纤维对混凝土性能的影响

为提高混凝土的韧性,添加水镁石纤维(FB)与聚丙烯纤维(PP)的混杂纤维制成纤维混凝土材料.进行了混凝土的工作性和力学性能试验,研究了纤维对塌落度、抗压强度、弯拉强度及劈裂抗拉强度的影响.实验结果表明:FB/PP混杂纤维可以明显提高混凝土的弯拉强度及劈裂抗拉强度,且优于单一纤维增强的效果.在总纤维用量为0.5%的情况下,随PP纤维比例的增加,混凝土的塌落度及抗压强度减少,但劈裂抗拉强度上升.混凝土的弯拉强度先上升,后下降.弯拉强度最大值出现在PP∶FB=0.2%∶0.3%左右.随水灰比的降低,单一FB纤维对混凝土强度的增强效果一般呈加强趋势,而FB/PP混杂纤维对混凝土弯拉强度增强效果降低,对混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度的增强效果加强.     

G550高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件力学性能与设计方法

为了研究高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件的力学性能和设计方法,对3种板件加劲形式的G550高强冷弯薄壁型钢槽形截面受弯构件进行了试验研究和有限元参数分析。结果表明,板件加劲形式对高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件屈曲模式和受弯承载力有显著影响,翼缘V形加劲比腹板V形加劲能够更有效地提高构件抗弯承载力,构件抗弯承载力的变化规律与屈曲模式有关。根据有限元参数分析结果,在已有直接强度法基础上回归出适用于高强冷弯薄壁槽钢受弯构件的直接强度法修正公式。     

Effects of Water/Binder Ratio on the Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites

The effects of water/binder ratio (w/b) on the toughness behavior, compressive strength and flexural strength of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) were investigated. The w/b ratios of 0.25, 0.31, 0.33 and 0.37 were selected and the specimens were tested at the ages of 7 d and 28 d. The experimental results showed that there was a corresponding increase in first cracking strength, modulus of rupture, compressive strength and flexural strength with the decrease of w/b. Within the w/b range of 0.25-0.37...     

Strength of copolymer grouting material based on orthogonal experiment

Using the orthogonal experimental design method involving three factors and three levels, the flexural strength and the compressive strength of copolymer grouting material were studied with different compositions of water-cement ratio (mass fraction of water to cement), epoxy resin content, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content. By orthogonal range and variance analysis, the orders of three factors to influence the strength, the significance levels of different factors, and the optimized compound ratio scheme of copolymer grouting material mixture at different curing ages were determined. An empirical relationship among the strength of copolymer grouting material, the water-cement ratio, the epoxy resin content, and the waterborne epoxy curing agent content was established by multivariate regression analysis. The results indicate that water-cement ratio is the most principal and significant influencing factor on the strength. Epoxy resin content and waterborne epoxy curing agent content also have a significant influence on the strength. But epoxy resin content has a greater influence on the 7-day and 28-day flexural strength, and waterborne epoxy curing agent content has a greater influence on the 3-day flexural strength and the compressive strength. The copolymer grouting material with water-cement ratio of 0.4, epoxy resin content of 8% (mass fraction) and waterborne epoxy curing agent content of 2% (mass fraction) is the best one for repairing of cement concrete pavement. The flexural strength and the compressive strength have good correlation, and the ratio of compressive strength to flexural strength is between 1.0 and 3.3. Foundation item: Projects(40728003, 40772180, 40802064) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (07JJ4012) supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20080430680) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Project(B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project     

钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性实验研究

为探讨钢纤维掺量对钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的影响，按照美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)定义的弯曲韧性指数试验方法．测试了钢纤维混凝土的挠度、初裂强度和抗压强度，计算了钢纤维不同掺量下混凝土的弯曲韧性指数值．钢纤维的掺入，使混凝土的破坏形式由脆性破坏变为延性破坏，并具有一定的残余强度．在一定范围内，钢纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性与钢纤维掺量成正比，钢纤维掺量达到90kg／m^3时，混凝土的弯曲韧性指数已接近理想弹塑性材料．掺量在30～90kg／m^3范围内，钢纤维混凝土的初裂强度变化不明显．