基于角度和时差的单站多外辐射源融合定位方法

针对利用单个观测站接收多个外辐射源信号对静态目标的定位问题,提出了一种基于融合的定位方法。首先依据单个外辐射源,建立时差和到达角的观测方程;然后构建测量误差的概率密度函数,利用最大似然估计得到目标位置的解析解;最后利用最大似然方法将依据单个外辐射源得到的目标位置进行融合,得到目标位置的融合解。仿真结果表明,文章多外辐射源融合定位的克拉美罗界(Cramer Rao lower bound,CRLB)低于单外辐射源定位,联合角度(direction of arrival,DOA)和时差(time difference of arrival,TDOA)定位的CRLB低于仅利用时差定位,且文章算法的定位误差逼近CRLB。系统几何精度因子(geometric dilution of precision,GDOP)图表明,影响定位精度的主要因素是测量误差、目标的位置和辐射源个数及位置。     

改进的时差频差多目标定位算法

提出了改进型约束总体最小二乘多目标定位算法.首先引入辅助变量将非线性定位方程转化为伪线性方程;然后利用两步最小二乘法估计目标的初始位置,依据目标初始位置重新选择参考传感器;最后考虑伪线性方程中所有系数矩阵的噪声,采用拉格朗日乘子技术求解约束条件,利用拟牛顿算法迭代公式得到精确解.仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性和可行性,所提算法能够达到克拉美罗下界,具有较强的鲁棒性和精确的定位性能.     

移动辐射源AOA-TDOA-FDOA联合定位闭合解算法

移动辐射源无源定位是电子对抗领域需要解决的关键问题之一。基于到达时间差(TDOA)与到达频率差(FDOA)的联合定位闭合解算法是解决上述问题的有效途径之一,但完成一次定位至少需要5个协同平台才能达到该算法的应用条件。在保持无源定位闭合解框架的前提下,为减少协同平台个数,提出了一种融合到达角(AOA)观测量、TDOA观测量以及FDOA观测量的无源定位算法。当各观测量的观察噪声及传感器位置偏差均为高斯噪声且噪声强度适中时,可建立移动辐射源位置与各观测量及传感器位置的近似代数表达式,并由此形成AOA-TDOA-FDOA联合定位闭合解算法。进一步的理论分析表明,该算法的定位误差能达到克拉美罗界,数值仿真结果与理论分析结论吻合。     

Memetic优化的外辐射源雷达方位-多普勒定位方法

针对外辐射源雷达系统中快速高精度定位信息不易得到的问题,提出一种基于文化基因(Memetic)优化的方位-多普勒联合定位算法,首次将Memetic算法引入外辐射源定位领域,并设计了一种新的下降方向作为Memetic局部搜索策略,把目标定位转化成函数优化问题.实验结果显示,在无先验初始点信息和单次观测条件下,新算法不仅能将相对定位误差控制在较小范围内,而且能使定位精度稳定地逼近克拉美罗界.相比采用传统进化算法解决定位问题,新方法能够以更快的速度收敛到最优解,且单次定位时间更短,精度更高,从而实现对目标位置的快速高精度定位.     

利用高斯牛顿迭代的时频差无源定位算法

针对传统高斯牛顿迭代法在时差-频差定位中因迭代初始值不准而易出现的不收敛问题,提出一种基于约束加权最小二乘(CWLS)的高斯牛顿迭代定位算法。该算法首先将定位问题中关于目标位置、速度的时差-频差非线性定位方程转化为伪线性方程,分步估计目标位置、速度初始值;为实现初始值的精确估计,将目标位置与辅助变量等式约束关系松弛为二阶锥约束(SOCP)条件;引入随机鲁棒最小二乘(SRLS)构建新的线性关系,当新线性关系的最小二乘解不满足二阶锥约束条件时,使用半定规划(SDP)技术求解目标位置的估计解,通过获得的目标位置来对目标速度进行求解;获得目标参数估计初始值后,建立时差-频差定位系统下关于目标位置与速度的高斯牛顿迭代方程,利用高斯牛顿迭代对目标参数进行寻优求解,该迭代过程不需要引入辅助参数,可以直接得到目标参数。仿真实验表明,所提算法对近场目标与远场目标均有很好的定位效果,较已有经典两步加权算法,其鲁棒性好、定位精度高。同时,仿真结果表明了高斯牛顿迭代方程时对初始值优化的必要性。     

双机TDOA/DD无源定位方法

利用辐射源信号到达两架飞机的时差(TDOA)与微分多普勒(DD)的组合TDOA/DD对该辐射源进行无源定位,给出了定位算法,推导了定位误差解析表达式。按等时差与等微分多普勒曲线表达式绘制了双机TDOA/DD定位的双曲线与微分多普勒曲线。用定位误差解析表达式,对TDOA/DD定位与测向定位的误差进行了分析和对比,显示了TDOA/DD定位方法的优良性能。     

存在载频误差下的多普勒频移定位算法

针对非合作环境下目标辐射源信号载频估计存在误差的问题,提出了一种基于多普勒频移的无源定位算法。该算法充分考虑目标辐射源信号载频估计误差的影响,推导了在存在载频估计误差下的克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao lower bound,CRLB),并将该算法与忽略载频估计误差的算法进行比较。仿真实验发现,在存在载频误差的情况下,即使对于CRLB的影响只是1.5 dB左右,但若在目标定位时忽略该影响因素,会导致定位精度急剧下降。当忽略载频估计误差的算法开始偏离CRLB时,该算法仍能达到CRLB,且当噪声增大近40 dB后,才开始偏离CRLB。证明该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,且定位精度较高。     

基于EPF滤波的三维单站无源定位算法

利用方位角及其变化率信息,提出了基于EPF滤波对固定辐射源的三维单站无源定位算法。该方法通过运动几何学原理,得出目标辐射源的位置,并采用EPF滤波算法加以处理,对粗略定位结果进行修正和平滑,逐步估计出目标的位置,来实现对辐射源目标的快速高精度无源定位。EPF滤波是将EKF算法作为重要性函数的一种粒子滤波方法。仿真结果表明,基于EPF滤波的单站无源定位算法与传统的EKF滤波算法相比,收敛更快、更稳定,滤波效果更好,定位精度更高。     

数字地图辅助的三星时差定位方法及误差分析

针对应用三星组成卫星簇对地面辐射源定位的问题,提出了利用数字地图辅助以及使用WGS-84坐标系作为精确定位的模型,在此基础上提出了对地面辐射源目标进行定位的迭代格式的定位算法,并且利用模拟三维地形图进行了定位结果仿真;推导了定位方法的理论误差表达式,研究表明定位仿真结果与误差理论分析一致,并可降低由目标高程假设带来的定位误差。     

噪声向量模值最小的水声网络TDOA目标定位方法

由于水下环境的复杂性导致水声网络节点通常存在一定的漂移,从而引起网络节点自定位的不准确;又因为水下测距不准确导致TDOA测距中也存在一定的误差。以上两类前期噪声误差均会降低网络对目标定位时的精度。针对以上问题,本文提出一种基于噪声向量模值最小的高精度水声网络TDOA目标定位方法。该方法利用LS(least-squares)算法得到目标定位的初值,通过考虑节点自定位误差和TDOA测距误差对算法精度的影响,经过一系列转换得到目标函数,使得上述两种前期噪声误差对定位精度的影响达到最小;根据初值及目标函数,采用模拟退火智能优化算法得到目标位置。仿真结果表明:与WLS(weighted least-squares)算法、CTLS(constrained total least-squares)算法相比较,本文算法定位精度高且前期误差对算法性能影响小,鲁棒性强。     

Geolocation of a known altitude object using TOA measurements

This paper considers the problem of locating a source on the Earth surface whose altitude is known a priori using time of arrival (TOA) measurements obtained in spatially distributed receivers. The receiver positions are subject to random errors. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) analysis shows that exploiting the source altitude information can improve the source localization accuracy compared to the TOA-only localization system. A weighted least squares (WLS) source localization algorithm exploring both the source altitude and TOA measurements is developed. The proposed solution is shown analytically to achieve the CRLB over a small noise region. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed method.     

Passive localization of the signal source based on RSS and TDOA combination in the non-line-of-sight environment

This paper proposes a signal source passive localization algorithm based on the measurements of the energy and time domain in non-line-of-sight(NLOS) environment to address the decline in localization accuracy. By utilizing the information of the received signal strength (RSS) and time difference of arrival(TDOA), the non-convex localization problem is converted to a generalized trust domain subproblem(GTRS) by introducing the range square(RS) and the weighted least squares(WLS) method, with the position obtained by a bisection procedure. The iterative method is used to estimate the NLOS deviation and refine the position accuracy. Finally, Cramer Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) and computational complexity have been analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is robust and will be close to CRLB in NLOS environment.     

基于多元变量泰勒级数展开模型的定位算法

传统Taylor级数展开模型只考虑未知节点和锚节点之间的距离,没有考虑未知节点之间的距离,定位信息不够全面,从而导致定位精度不高。为了进一步提高定位精度,该文提出了一种新的基于多元变量Taylor级数展开模型的定位算法。首先考虑未知节点之间的距离信息,建立新的基于多元变量Taylor级数展开的定位模型。然后,在对新的定位模型求解过程中,采用粒子群算法对未知节点进行定位,获得其位置的初始值。再根据加权最小二乘法求出新模型的解,作为未知节点的估计位置。最后,为评价该算法的性能,对定位结果的克拉美罗界（CRLB）进行推导。仿真结果表明基于多元变量Taylor级数展开模型的定位精度更高,定位误差接近CRLB。     

Channel Estimation and Compensation for Underwater Acoustic Pipeline Communication

An estimation and compensation algorithm for underwater acoustic pipeline channel is investigated. A joint time-frequency adaptive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation based on the maximum likelihood method is introduced firstly, and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is proposed so as to evaluate the performance of the SNR estimation algorithm. For frequency-selective fading channel part, estimation and compensation are made to improve the robustness of the system on the basis of the LMS algorithm. Furthermore,real-time update iteration algorithm in the frequency domain is investigated to realize synchronous receiving and estimation. For verification, simulations and actual data tests were made, and the results show that the algorithm possesses great robustness, efficiency and accuracy inrealization of SNR estimation, signal detection and frequency impulse compensation for the channel.     

Hybrid location algorithm for the acoustic source based on error correction

Aiming at the problem that due to the influences of non line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, the multipath effect and other factors, the location system is liable to low accuracy with large errors. A hybrid location algorithm for the acoustic source based on error correction (ECHL) and time difference of arrival (TDOA) is proposed. First, by correcting the weighted matrix of weighted least square (WLS) dynamically this algorithm can be used to obtain the initial value of Taylor series iteration, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the number of times of iteration. Second, the influence of the time delay with larger errors on the positioning accuracy is eliminated by combining the algorithm for latter selection time delay with the standardized residual function. Then the optical positioning solution of TDOA integration is chosen. Finally, the target position is determined by the standardized residual weighting. Simulation results show that the proposed method can considerably outperform the single method, effectively restrain the NLOS error and improve the positioning accuracy compared with reference methods.     

TDOA location algorithm based on modified Newton iterations

For the divergence problem of traditional iterative process based location algorithms, a new modified Newton algorithm for the passive location from time differences of arrival (TDOA) is proposed. The proposed algorithm firstly reorganizes the nonlinear TDOA equations into pseudo-linear ones by using an auxiliary parameter, and a constrained weighted least-squares minimization is developed for the positioning problem instead of the Maximum Likelihood estimator. A modified Newton method based on eigenvalue modification is then applied to obtain the emitter position. In order to reduce the number of iterations, an appropriate iteration step size is computed via one-dimensional optimization by the quadratic interpolation method. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

融合建筑信息模型的基站自标定技术

由于建筑材料的遮挡和吸收,室内的无线信号严重受损,致使全球卫星导航系统在室内场景中效果并不理想,因此基于基站的室内定位技术成为关键,其定位性能与基站标定精度关系密切.基于基站通常布置在建筑体墙面上的事实,提出了一种融合建筑信息模型的基站自标定技术,用于提升自标定性能,同时,使用克拉美罗下界进行理论性能分析.所提技术在半定规划算法中融入了建筑信息模型空间约束.克拉美罗下界分析和算法仿真实验结果表明,融入建筑信息模型中的空间约束有效地提升了基站自标定的精度.