Signal-processing techniques for cochlear implants

Cochlear implants have been successful in restoring partial hearing to profoundly deaf people. The success of cochlear implants can be attributed to the combined efforts of scientists from various disciplines, including bioengineering, physiology, otolaryngology, speech science, and signal processing. Each of these disciplines contributed to various aspects of the cochlear implant design. Signal processing, in particular, played an important role in the development of different techniques for deriving electrical stimuli from the speech signal. The purpose of this article is to present a review of various signal-processing techniques that have been used for cochlear prosthesis over the past 25 years     

Solutions to electromagnetic interference problems between cochlear implants and GSM phones.

For persons using cochlear implants, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems may sometimes be an obstacle to using digital cellular telephones. This study aimed at exploring the benefit of three new assistive listening device prototypes that eliminate or diminish EMC problems. Ten experienced cochlear implant users listened in quiet to running speech samples and a sentence test on a landline phone, a digital cellular phone with and without three prototypes. The subjects' performance was assessed using a sentence test, a subjective visual analog scale, and by ranking the best and the poorest listening condition. Compared to the other test conditions, listening to a digital cellular phone alone revealed, on average, the poorest sentence recognition scores (29%) and the poorest results in four different subjective judgments (the amount of disturbances, the clarity of the message, the quality of the sound, overall judgment) with all three implant systems tested. The prototypes generally helped the implantees to recognize speech better on the cellular telephone (by 10-21 percent units, on average). Use of assistive listening devices and further development of EMC of both cochlear implant systems and digital cellular phones needs to take place to enable smooth use of digital cellular phones for all implantees.     

Measurement of electric intensity distribution inside human cadaver cochlea for multichannel cochlear implants

We have proposed a Tripolar Electrode Stimulation Method (TESM) which may succeed in narrowing the stimulation region and continuously moving the stimulation site for cochlear implants. The TESM stimulates the auditory nerve array through lymphatic fluid by means of three adjacent electrodes selected from among an electrode array. Currents are emitted from the electrodes on each side and the central electrode receives them. The current received by the latter electrode is equal to the sum of the currents emitted from the electrodes on the two sides. In this paper, the electric intensity profiles produced by the TESM and by monopolar stimulation were measured in a human cadaver cochlea and in a saline solution. We found that in the TESM, the electric intensity profile produced in the human cadaver cochlea was about the same as that in the saline solution. In addition, in the TESM, the electric intensity profile was much sharper than that of monopolar stimulation in the human cadaver cochlea. Furthermore, the nervous excitation region could be localized in a certain range by means of TESM. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(1): 1–9, 1999     

燃料电池三题

对燃料电池的工作特征、实用化必须解决的问题及应用前景进行了简要分析。     

全息动平衡原理

回顾了柔性转子动平衡技术的发展过程，阐述了在全息谱技术基础上发展而成的全息动平衡技术的基本概念，介绍了全息动平衡中的振型分离、迁移矩阵、计算机模拟和遗传算法优化技术，总结了全息动平衡技术的优越性。     

浅谈质量成本管理

文章较详细地介绍了质量成本的构成、管理、预测和计划、科目设置及核算,同时还介绍了质量成本的分析和报告、控制与考核的有关内容。     

全息动平衡原理

回顾了柔性转子动平衡技术的发展过程,阐述了在全息谱技术基础上发展而成的全息动平衡技术的基本概念,介绍了全息动平衡中的振型分离、迁移矩阵、计算机模拟和遗传算法优化技术,总结了全息动平衡技术的优越性。     

An Introduction to Dynamic Programming

Optimal control theory is introduced at a level appropriate for the undergraduate student. The principle of optimality is derived and used to develop the computational algorithm of dynamic programming. Two numerical examples, a routing problem and an optimal control problem, are solved to illustrate the basic concepts and the computational procedure. Supplementary problems with partial solutions are provided.     

标准电池概述

借助电位差计标准电池可以进行电压单位的量值传递，本文对标准电池的结构、原理、温度特性及使用注意事项作了介绍。     

中、高压变频器概述(Ⅰ)

电厂锅炉的风机、水泵都是由几百乃至上千瓦的电动机拖动 ,是发电厂企业自用电的大户。当发电机负荷变化时 ,为满足热力系统的需要 ,目前有 80 %以上原动机均是依靠进、出口档板进行调节 ,电能浪费巨大 ,是电厂节能的一个瓶颈。随着电力改革、厂网分开的实施 ,发电市场竞争日趋激烈。为争取较多的市场份额 ,首先之策是降低生产成本。其中采用先进的调节手段 ,减少风机、水泵耗电量是关键之一 ,对大容量电机尤其重要。由于风机、水泵的流量正比转速 ,而拖动它们的电动机功率与转速的三次方成比例 ,所以如能调节电动机转速 ,则能大大地节省电…     

电磁兼容性标准简介（二）

各项标准的试验等级要求及试验方法(1)振荡波抗扰度(IEC 60255-22-1:1988(GB/T14598.13-1998))振荡波分为非重复性的振铃波和重复性的阻尼振荡波两种形式。单次冲击的暂态振荡称为“振铃波”,它是由电源和控制线的开关切换或雷击引起,可能呈现在设备端口上。阻尼暂态振荡波称为     

优秀的节电产品——变频调速器

文章介绍了变频调速器的简单原理、特点、节电效果以及在我局的应用情况。围绕变频调速器与异步电动机相结合而实现的调速问题,说明了变频调速器在电机调速领域中无法比拟的优良品质,特别强调了变频调速所实现的节能,对于轻载运行、负载大幅度变化的设备有非常明显的节电效果。通过对桥电老厂排粉机电机的变频改造的总结,进一步肯定了变频调速器广阔的应用前景。     

Introduction to Multidimensional Financial Transmission Rights

This paper introduces the concept of multidimensional financial transmission right (MDFTR) which is a generalized group financial transmission right (FTR) concept. An MDFTR allows its owner to hold a total FTR amount over a path group along with multiple choices to distribute this grouped amount among the individual grouping paths. This added flexibility provides forward-market participants with a useful support to overcome the congestion price risk that originates from the uncertainty in their transaction paths. All the fundamental issues regarding the implementation of MDFTRs are addressed in detail in this paper. The practical utility of MDFTRs is judged by analyzing their costs. It is shown with illustration that an MDFTR may be more cost-effective than any given portfolio of individual FTRs that has the ability to give the same risk-hedging benefit.     

Introduction to Loss-Hedging Financial Transmission Rights

In order to guard forward contracts from the locational marginal price (LMP) volatility, financial transmission rights (FTRs) are issued in the centralized power markets. However, the current FTR system can provide hedge only against the congestion components of LMP differentials. Consequently, the loss components remain unhedged. To bridge the gap, a framework is developed in this paper to implement an FTR system that will provide hedge against the loss prices. The availability of loss-hedging FTRs in addition to the congestion hedging FTRs further reduces the exposure of the forward market participants to the LMP volatility. The loss-hedging framework developed is carefully designed to fit the practical environment. All the primary issues for the implementation of loss-hedging FTRs, such as the revenue adequacy test, auction, and auction revenue rights, are carefully addressed. Revenue adequacy of loss-hedging FTRs can be ensured by means of a test called as the offset capacity test. Some efficient policies are also designed for the successful functioning of loss-hedging FTRs. At the end of the paper, a case study is carried out to assess the effectiveness of the methodology developed.     

浅析即插即拔式水下连接器

本文详细介绍了用于水下设备中的即插即拔式水密连接器的密封原理、结构形式和性能。该类连接器具有耐环境、水密性能良好、可水下插拔等特点,能够在水下实现即插即拔的使用功能,起到机械连接和信号传输的作用。     

浅谈煤矿综合安全系统

简要介绍了矿井监控监测、井下人员定位、井下紧急避险、矿井压风自救、矿井供水施救和通信联络系统的组成及作用     

中国电力企业联合会

中国电力企业联合会是全国电力行业企业、事业单位的联合组织，非营利性的社会经济团体。本文简要介绍该联合组织的性质、主要职责及服务网络组织框架。