A Fault Location Algorithm for Two-End Series-Compensated Double-Circuit Transmission Lines Using the Distributed Parameter Line Model

A new fault location algorithm for two-end series-compensated double-circuit transmission lines utilizing unsynchronized two-terminal current phasors and local voltage phasors is presented in this paper. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to take into account the shunt capacitance of the lines. The mutual coupling between the parallel lines in the zero-sequence network is also considered. The boundary conditions under different fault types are used to derive the fault location formulation. The developed algorithm directly uses the local voltage phasors on the line side of series compensation (SC) and metal oxide varistor (MOV). However, when potential transformers are not installed on the line side of SC and MOVs for the local terminal, these measurements can be calculated from the local terminal bus voltage and currents by estimating the voltages across the SC and MOVs. MATLAB SimPowerSystems is used to generate cases under diverse fault conditions to evaluating accuracy. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is qualified for practical implementation.     

利用正序故障分量的双端量精确故障测距算法

为消除负荷电流和线路模型不准确给双端量故障测距带来的影响 ,本文提出一种基于分布参数线路模型的精确测距算法。算法以均匀传输线的波动方程 (长线方程 )为基础 ,利用线路两端电压、电流的正序故障分量以及线路正序参数直接计算故障距离。算法无需故障类型判别 ,不受系统阻抗、故障电阻、负荷电流以及分布电容的影响。基于EMTP的数字仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性和高精度     

基于分布参数线路模型的精确故障测距算法

为消除负荷电流和线路模型不准确给双端量故障测距带来的影响,提出一种基于分布参数线路模型的精确测距算法。算法以均匀传输线的波动方程(长线方程)为基础,利用线路两端电压、电流的正序故障分量以及线路正序参数直接计算故障距离。算法无需故障类型判别,不受系统阻抗、故障电阻、负荷电流以及分布电容的影响。基于EMTP的数字仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性和高精度。     

一种基于微分方程法的串补线路精确故障测距算法

串联补偿电容的接入使得从线路两端测得的稳态时的电压电流关系不再一一对应,用代数法无法区分故障发生在串补电容的哪一侧,这给以前常用的代数方程定位算法增加了新的困难。文中利用在线路两侧同步采集(用全球定位系统(GPS)进行同步)的电压、电流信号,采用微分方程数学模型并结合串补线路的特点推导了一种新的故障定位算法。该算法分别假定故障点在串补电容的两侧,通过计算得到2个故障定位解,其中一个为真根,另一个为伪根。针对定位过程中出现的真伪根,由暂态过程中电容两侧发生故障时的电压波形不同这一事实,根据线路两侧获取的数据分别计算出的故障点电压应相等这一原理,提出了一种简单、可靠地找出真根去除伪根的方法,可正确判定事故地点。仿真研究表明,该算法具有较高的精度和较强的适应性,能可靠区分真伪根,精确确定事故地点。     

串联电容补偿线路的相差保护特性研究

高压输电线路上靠近串补电容处发生故障时，由于电容的补偿作用，线路两端电流、电压的相位差可能达到180°，远远超出了传统相差保护的整定值，导致保护无法判别故障。为此，作者提出一种改进算法，对故障时的暂态电流信号进行小波变换，获取暂态相位差值作为保护动作的依据，并考虑了金属氧化物变阻器不能导通时串补电容对保护性能的影响。仿真结果表明，改进算法能快速准确地判断故障区域，弥补了传统保护的缺陷，且不受串补电容补偿度、安装地点的影响，对普通线路同样适用。     

使用两端非同步测量法的特高压串联补偿双回线路故障定位仪(英文)

An accurate fault location algorithm for double-circuit series compensated lines is presented.Use of two-end unsynchronized measurements of current and voltage signals is considered.The algorithm applies two subroutines,designated for locating faults on particular line sections,and additionally the procedure for selecting the valid subroutine.The subroutines are formulated with use of the generalized fault loop model and the distributed parameter line model is applied.Performed ATP-EMTP based evaluation has shown the validity of the derived fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.     

基于在线计算线路分布参数的故障定位方法

为了提高测距精度,提出了一种不需要双端电压电流同步测量的分布参数模型故障测距算法。该算法根据故障后沿线电压的分布规律,在不要求双端数据同步时,利用线路两端故障前电压和电流相量在线计算线路参数;使用一维搜索方法算出故障点的位置,其具体测距算法是采用前置带通滤波器与全波傅氏算法相结合的滤波算法以提取相当精确的基频分量。仿真计算表明,该算法估算线路参数和故障距离较准确,无需解长线方程,且不受故障类型、线路参数变化和系统运行方式、过渡电阻等因素影响。     

基于两端量线路故障测距新算法

提出了基于两端量实现线路故障测距的算法。该算法选用适用于各类型故障的正序网进行计算，利用线路两端电压、电流与故障点电压的向量关系，建立双端量测距方程式，并利用方程式两端向量模相等关系实现故障测距计算，测距精度不受过渡电阻和系统运行方式的影响，且不需要线路两端数据采样同步。经实例验证，测距误差小，测距快速方便。     

Accurate Noniterative Fault Location Algorithm Utilizing Two-End Unsynchronized Measurements

This paper presents a new two-terminal impedance-based fault location algorithm, which takes into account the distributed parameter line model. The algorithm utilizes unsynchronized measurements of voltages and currents from two ends of a line and is formulated in terms of the fundamental frequency phasors of symmetrical components of the measured signals. First, an analytical synchronization of the unsynchronized measurements is performed with use of the determined synchronization operator. Then, the distance to fault is calculated as for the synchronized measurements. Simultaneous usage of two kinds of symmetrical components for determining the synchronization operator makes that the calculations are simple, noniterative and at the same time highly accurate. The developed fault location algorithm has been thoroughly tested using signals of ATP-EMTP versatile simulations of faults on a transmission line. The presented evaluation shows the validity of the developed fault location algorithm and its high accuracy.     

一种无需线路参数的输电线路故障定位算法

提出了一种新的输电线路故障定位算法,该算法利用故障时正、负序网络中各自电压、电流间的关系,导出了故障定位方程.无需线路参数,只需借助GPS实现同步采集线路两端的电压、电流数据,并作相关处理,即可实现故障定位.与传统方法相比,该算法不受线路参数变化、故障发生地点环境以及故障过度电阻等的干扰,实现简单、灵活,实用性更强.同...     

一种无需线路参数的输电线路故障定位算法

提出了一种新的输电线路故障定位算法,该算法利用故障时正、负序网络中各自电压、电流间的关系,导出了故障定位方程.无需线路参数,只需借助GPS实现同步采集线路两端的电压、电流数据,并作相关处理,即可实现故障定位.与传统方法相比,该算法不受线路参数变化、故障发生地点环境以及故障过度电阻等的干扰,实现简单、灵活,实用性更强.同...     

基于分布参数模型的串联补偿双回线单线故障定位算法

对于装设串联补偿(串补)装置的输电线路,由于与串联电容并联的保护元件金属氧化物可变电阻(MOV)的非线性特征,使得串补线路无法直接使用常规的输电线路故障测距方法。为此,提出了一种基于分布参数模型的串补双回线故障定位算法。按照故障点相对于串补的位置分为两个子算法,利用从本端、对端推算得到的故障点处电压相等的特点,消去串补装置近故障一侧的电压,结合故障点处过渡电阻的纯电阻性和故障序网边界条件,构造故障定位函数。该方法不依赖串补装置模型,不受MOV非线性的影响,无需预知串补装置相对于故障的位置,同时不存在伪根判别问题。EMTDC/PSCAD和MATLAB仿真结果计算验证了该方法的正确性。     

只用单侧量消除故障电阻影响的长线模型故障测距算法

本文提出了一种新的适合于单相接地故障的测距算法,只用本侧电压电流量即可消除由对端注入电流引起的故障电阻的影响,本算法主要特点是只用零序系统阻抗补偿,因而不受系统运行方式变化影响。     

Calculation of Transmission Line Parameters From Synchronized Measurements

Accurate knowledge of transmission system parameters, such as series impedance, optimizes distance relay settings and impedance-based fault location. A new method is developed to measure transmission line impedances and admittances from synchronized phasor measurements. Power system voltage and current phasors were recorded during commissioning tests of a 525 kV transmission system containing shunt and series compensation. Steady-state phase angles (delta) and magnitudes of line-side voltages and currents were measured relative to a satellite-based global time standard at two substations. Pairs of synchronized measurements were used to directly calculate real-time steadystate ABCD parameters. For comparison, two-port ABCD transmission system parameters were derived by classical methods and from an ElectroMagnetics Transients Program (EMTP) transmission system design model. To verify the accuracy of the measured parameters, a new method comparing field measured with calculated power flows was developed. Sending-end power flow was measured from accurate recordings and was compared with power flow calculated using the three estimates of ABCD parameters, sendingend voltages, and receiving-end voltages. Close agreement was found between field-measured power flows and calculations using the measured ABCD parameters.     

Two-stage numerical algorithm for distance protection, fault location and arcing faults recognition

In this paper, a novel two-stage numerical algorithm devoted to fault distance calculation and arcing faults recognition is presented. The first algorithm stage serves for the fault distance calculation. The fault distance is calculated from the fundamental frequency phase voltages and current phasors, thus utilizing the positive- and the zero-sequence impedances of the line as input parameters. The second algorithm stage serves for the arc voltage amplitude calculation. It utilizes the fault distance calculated in the first algorithm stage as well as the third harmonics of the terminal phase voltage and line current phasors, respectively. From the calculated value of arc voltage amplitude it can be determined whether the fault is transient arcing fault or permanent arcless fault. The phasors needed for algorithm execution are calculated by using the Discrete Fourier Technique. In this paper, the solution for the most frequent phase-to-ground faults is given. The results of algorithm testing through computer simulation and real field data records processing are given.     

A practical approach to accurate fault location on extra highvoltage teed feeders

The basis of an alternative approach for accurately locating faults on teed feeders is described. The technique developed uses fault voltages and currents at all three ends. The method is virtually independent of fault resistance and largely insensitive to variations in source impedance, teed and line configurations, including line untransposition. The basic theory of the technique is presented. It is extensively tested using simulated primary system voltage and current waveforms, which include the transducer/hardware errors encountered in practice. The performance clearly shows a high degree of accuracy     

一种新的电力线路短路故障测距算法的研究

本文提出了一种瓣的电力线路故障精确测距算法。该算法仅利用线路两端的故障后电压、电流向量测量值。     

Modal Kalman filtering based impedance relaying

An algorithm is presented for computer distance relaying. It is based on modal Kalman filtering (MKF) to estimate fundamental phasors, MKF exploits all the measurement information available from a three-phase line and is founded on enhanced models of the electromagnetic transients noise. To support the modeling of noise for different faults, a study of nontrivial electrical networks with accurate electromagnetic transients modeling is made for 400 kV transmission lines. MKF fits the behavior of the different modal noise for the Clarke phasors, but it is invariant for each type of fault, assuring robustness and minimum error variance. To computer distance, Clarke αB phasors are transformed to +/- symmetrical components, and then a well-known expression is used to computer the positive impedance. Statistical analysis if presented to assess observation time versus estimation accuracy for the different types of line faults     

基于相量测量的输电线路故障测距新算法

提出了一种新的基于相量测量的输电线路故障测距的自适应算法,对于单回线和同杆双回线均适用.该算法利用输电线路两端的电压和电流相量并采用集中参数模型对∏型等值线路的正序参数进行了在线计算以用于故障测距,解决了线路参数在运行过程中的不确定性问题.为了实现双端测距,通过故障前后线路两端的采样数据获取突变量,并采用对称分量和六序分量分别计算了单回线和同杆双回线的等效系统阻抗.大量的EMTP仿真计算结果和实际系统数据验证结果表明,该测距算法能适应系统运行方式的变化,不受故障点过渡电阻、故障类型、故障距离等因素的影响,具有很高的测距精度.     

平行/同杆双回线的单线故障精确测距算法

平行/同杆双回线的一条线路发生故障时,由于非故障线路包含了对侧系统的信息,可以实现利用单端故障信息实现故障测距.介绍平行/同杆双回线的单线故障的一种故障测距算法,算法采用正、负、零序分量的分布参数模型和传输线方程,利用线路单端的故障信息,根据实际故障点的纯电阻特征,得到平行/同杆双回线单线故障时距离测量点的距离.用特征模量分解方法解决同杆双回线的零序分量网络中存在互阻抗和互电纳的难题.算法的精度不受分布电容影响和对端系统阻抗变化的影响.精确计算表明,线路换位(相序排列)对测距精度的影响可以用误差校正曲线或表格的方法校正.