基于实值Root-MUSIC和Prony算法的间谐波参数估计

提出一种实数形式的求根多重信号分类(Root- MUSIC)算法,其无需将实值转换为复频率,从而降低了计算复杂度.由Root-MUSIC多项式的根估计出信号频率,同时由这些根采用普罗尼(Prony)法中的最小二乘法估计出信号的幅值和相位.与传统先估计频率、再由其他算法估计幅值和相位的方法相比,所提方法减少了大量计算步骤.仿真结果表明,用所提方法估计的间谐波参数精度高,在存在噪声的情况下也能准确估计出谐波和间谐波频率、幅值和相位.     

基于特征空间求根法的非整数次谐波估计方法

现有傅里叶算法在含有非整数次谐波的情况下存在着频谱泄漏和栅栏效应,AR模型谱估计和多信号分类法(MUSIC)法能提高频率分辨率,但对噪声敏感,容易产生虚假频率。提出基于特征空间求根法进行频率的精确估计,对修正的信号自相关矩阵进行特征值分解,利用信号子空间和噪声子空间的正交性构造多项式,进行多项时求根,得到单位圆上的根进行频率估计,在此基础上通过三角回归法,解一超定方程组得到相应的振幅和相位。并与MUSIC法在无噪声和有噪声情况下进行仿真比较,证明了该方法在提高分辨率、减小估计偏差和提高数据精度的有效性。     

改进汉明Burg和稳健支持向量机的间谐波检测

间谐波具有非线性、随机性及非平稳性等特点,在实时检测中具有一定困难。为精确检测出所含间谐波分量,文中先利用改进汉明Burg算法检测间谐波的频率,该算法按二阶预测误差输出功率最小原则求解一、二阶系数,求高阶系数时进行汉明加权,选取阶次时引入控制参数;再用稳健支持向量机法校正检测出的频率分量,并获得其幅值和相位。仿真结果表明,该算法检测频率时,减弱了谱峰偏移度且不易出现谱线分裂,低信噪比时不会出现谱峰消失现象,提高了频率检测精度;用稳健支持向量机法校正频率可精确得出间谐波的频率、幅值和相位,且计算量小。     

电网瞬时频率跟踪算法设计

在高压直流输电工程中,采用高精度锁相环跟踪电网相位,并在设定角度产生点火脉冲触发换流阀,瞬时电网频率跟踪速度和精度对锁相环至关重要,传统的频率测量方法无法同时满足速度和精度的要求。提出了一种电网瞬时频率跟踪算法。该算法将三相电压瞬时值进行Clarke变换,经有限冲激相应滤波器(FIR)滤除谐波和负序分量后,计算电网实时相位,采用相差法实现了对电网瞬时频率的跟踪。通过仿真和实验验证,该算法可准确、快速地跟踪各种电力信号的瞬时频率,有效地滤除谐波和噪声,电网瞬时频率的测量精度高达±0.005 Hz。     

论述电压闪变测量算法

电压闪变测量算法研究的主要内容包括包络线的检测和调制分量参数的估计。总结了平方检测法、整流检测法、半波有效值检测法的局限性,分析了基于瞬时有功功率理论的检测法、时频原子法、基于Teager能量算子的检测法等三种新方法,并比较了各个方法的适用条件及优缺点。最后阐述了应用Chirp-Z变换、TLS-ESPRIT算法估计调制分量参数的两种方法。     

基于实值MUSIC算法的电力谐波分析方法

现代谱估计方法逐渐被应用于电力谐波及间谐波的超分辨率检测与分析,其中的多重信号分类方法(MUSIC)算法最具代表性.然而,常规谱MUSIC算法在分析电力谐波时必须将实值信号转换为复频率信号,因而计算复杂度较高;此外,其伪频谱的峰值搜索过程也存在着类似栅栏效应,导致其频率分析精度有限.为了改善谱MUSIC算法对电力谐波的分析精度,本文基于子空间分析理论提出了针对实值周期信号的谱MUSIC频率检测方法,推导并给出了其伪谱函数的表达式.在此基础上,还利用Newton-Raphson算法对伪谱峰值进行迭代求精,进一步提高了谐波频率的估计精度.仿真结果表明:实值MUSIC伪谱更能有效区分真实谐波谱峰与噪声伪峰,同时本文方法的计算复杂度远远低于原有复值谱MUSIC算法,而频率估计精度与求根MUSIC算法接近,非常有利于电力谐波参数的准确获取.     

基于相位积累的多段异频信号的频率估计算法

多段信号的信息融合能够有效提高信号的频率估计精度。为扩展现有方法的适用范围,提出一种基于相位积累的多段异频信号的频率估计算法。算法通过生成异频分析参数矩阵克服了分段信号频率不等问题,实现了同频化处理;通过设计相位差补偿因子克服了分段信号相位不连续问题,达到了相位连续信号的频谱分析效果;通过搜索相位累积频谱的最大值获得了信号频率估计值。为验证算法的正确性,给出了详细的数学推导。仿真实验结果表明本文所提算法的频率估计误差约为现有方法的1/3~2/3,算法普适性强,频率估计性能稳定。     

一种FFT法和MUSIC法结合的间谐波频率估计

在电力系统中,间谐波检测是抑制间谐波的重要环节,准确有效地确定信号中的间谐波分量,对于改善电能质量有重要意义。FFT能够实现整数次谐波检测,对于非整数次谐波的检测存在着频率泄漏和栅栏效应,而MUSIC法需要在整个频域内进行谱峰搜索,影响其实用性。将FFT和MUSIC算法相结合,利用FFT缩小搜索域,再利用MUSIC进行频率细化,即克服了FFT的频率泄漏和栅栏现象,同时缩短谱峰搜索时间,可以更有效地估计出间谐波的频率,仿真试验说明了此方法的有效性及频率估计的精确度。     

基于加窗插值和Prony的电力系统间谐波算法

邻近谐波或基波的间谐波,是导致电压闪变的直接原因,准确检出该成分,对于改善电能质量具有重要意义.考虑真实电网宽带多频的信号特性,分析了加窗插值算法和谱估计法局限性,提出基于加窗插值和Prony的间谐波检测法.先通过加窗插值求解各个信号参数,进而采用频率分析定位临近谐波和间谐波所在频率区间,最后对时域滤波后的残差分量用Prony算法计算.Matlab仿真表明该方法频率分辨率和精度优于加窗插值,相对传统Prony法不需要估算信号个数,能有效消除伪谱的影响.     

频移经验模态分解在低频振荡参数提取中的应用

当信号中2个单频分量的频率在2倍频内时,经验模态分解（EMD）无法将2个分量分解开。为提高EMD的频率分辨率,提出了基于信号调制的频移EMD算法。此方法增大了信号中组成分量的频率比,使之达到EMD可分的程度。将该方法应用于电力系统低频振荡模态参数的提取,能较好地提取2倍频范围内的低频振荡模态分量的瞬时频率、瞬时幅值、相位及阻尼比等参数,数值仿真和实例分析均表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于PMU的状态估计的研究

传统的状态估计是基于单相纯正弦模型的,但实际电力系统的三相并不是完全对称,这就导致了传统的状态估计存在着固有的误差。随着基于GPS同步相量测量单元(PMU)的应用和计算机技术的发展,该文提出了一种以PMU为基础的三相状态估计和谐波状态估计算法以消除这种固有误差。利用PMU的电压幅值测量值和相角测量值与SCADA原有的测量值构成的混和量测系统一起用于状态估计,从而提高网络的可观测性及状态估计的精度,来弥补传统状态估计的不足。所以这种算法可根本解决系统三相不平衡和状态向量非纯正弦带来的误差问题。最后讨论了对该算法的评估方法。     

频域谐波分析算法的新解释及其推广

在电力系统谐波分析的频域方法中,加汉宁窗插值算法应用较为广泛,其某些实现具有相似结构,只是选取的插值点数不同。为深入理解其内在本质,文中利用汉宁窗和矩形窗之间的关系,将已有的两种加汉宁窗算法转化成未加窗的等价形式,找出其中规律,并将其推广到通用的未加窗p点插值算法。在推导过程中,首先建立了多分量信号的未加窗离散傅里叶变换(DFT)值的近似模型,接着利用此近似模型分析出算法系数所需满足的两个条件,最后设计了满足条件的一组系数。当插值点数p为4或5时,所提算法等价于已有的两种加汉宁窗算法;p的最小允许值为3,此时算法具有最高的频域分辨率,并且不存在对应的基于汉宁窗的等价形式。结合改进后的DFT递推公式,所提算法所需计算量仅和插值点数p呈线性关系,因此能够大幅降低计算量,并为电网信号提供实时估计。仿真部分比较了算法采用不同插值点数p时的表现,实验部分将算法应用于三相电机电流信号的实时估计。     

Performance of three algorithms for frequency measurement under transient conditions

This article compares the transient performance of three algorithms for electric frequency measurement. The algorithms are based on different techniques: (a) measurement of intervals between zero-crossings; (b) adjustment of points to a sinusoidal waveform; and (c) measurement of phase shift between fundamental components of Discrete Fourier Transform. The comparison was performed by application of the three algorithms to signals obtained by numerical simulation and to voltage waveforms sampled in experimental cases. For the case of numerically simulated signals, a theoretical frequency was defined as a reference value for the comparison with the measured values. In the experimental sampled waveforms, the effect of abrupt signal changes and the effect of filters are shown. The characteristics of the filters were selected to obtain a similar time delay in the measurement of a step in the frequency. With such filters, the three algorithms showed a similar transient behavior in all the analyzed cases. The analysis of the effect of harmonic distortion in the voltage signal is out of the scope of this article.     

Several variants of Kalman Filter algorithm for power system harmonic estimation

This paper presents the maiden application of a variant of Kalman Filter algorithm known as Local Ensemble Transform based Kalman Filter (LET-KF) for power system harmonic estimation. The proposed algorithm is applied for estimating the harmonic parameters of a power signal containing harmonics, sub-harmonics, inter-harmonics in presence of white Gaussian noise. These algorithms are applied and tested for both stationary as well as dynamic signals containing harmonics. The LET-KF algorithm reported in this paper is compared with the earlier reported Kalman Filter based algorithms like Kalman Filter (KF) and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) algorithms for harmonic estimation. The proposed algorithm is found superior than the reported algorithm for its improved efficiency and accuracy in terms of simplicity and computational features, since there are less multiplicative operations, which reduces the rounding errors. It is also less expensive as it reduces the requirement of storing large matrices, such as the Kalman gain matrix used in other KF based methods. Practical validation is carried out with experimentation of the algorithms with the real time data obtained from a large paper industry. Comparison of the results obtained with KF, EnKF and LET-KF algorithms reveals that the proposed LET-KF algorithm is the best in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency for harmonic estimation.     

电网信号谐波分析算法计算性能比较研究

电网信号谐波分析算法种类多,适用于不同的负荷场景,但它们的性能优劣,目前仍没有一个统一的性能评价指标体系,致使很多用户无法根据自己的特定需求,更合理、快速地选择出最适用的谐波分析算法。针对于此,文中比较研究了621种电网信号谐波分析算法的计算性能。具体地,对众多窗函数,按频域特性的不同进行了分类;并根据计算原理,将电网信号谐波分析算法分成了加窗FFT插值、加窗FFT和谐波分组算法等三大类,进而比较分析了这些算法的计算准确度和计算的硬软件开销等性能;探究了非整周期采样和噪声等对算法计算准确度的影响;基于对供电系统电压、电弧炉电流以及风电机组电流等典型信号的分析计算结果,选取出了推荐算法;最后,还对稳态谐波分析算法在被测信号发生典型动态变化下的计算性能进行了测试。所得结论对不同电力用户依据自己的特定需求、选用合适的谐波分析算法以及开展相关研究等方面,可提供有说服力的指导和帮助。     

Variable Constraint based Least Mean Square algorithm for power system harmonic parameter estimation

This paper presents the maiden application of a novel signal processing algorithm called Variable Constraint based Least Mean Square (VCLMS) for power system harmonic parameter estimation. The amplitude, phase and frequency of a power signal containing harmonics, sub-harmonics, inter-harmonics are estimated using this algorithm in the presence of white Gaussian noise under simulating environment. Four Least Mean Square (LMS) based algorithms, reported in the literature are considered for judging the comparative performance with the proposed algorithm. These algorithms are applied and tested for both stationary as well as dynamic signals containing harmonics. Practical validation is made with the experimentation of the algorithms with real time data obtained from a solar connected inverter system used for supplying electrical energy during power cut at National Institute of Technology (NIT) Silchar through a power quality analyzer and estimation are performed in MATLAB simulation. Comparison of the results amongst LMS, Normalized LMS, Complex Normalized LMS, Variable Leaky LMS and VCLMS algorithms reveals that proposed VCLMS algorithm is the best in terms of accuracy and computational time.     

快速多分量LFM信号的检测与参数估计方法

研究了噪声环境中的多分量LFM信号的检测以及参数估计问题.在分析和比较了时延相关解线调法和分数阶傅立叶变换(FrFT)扫描法的基础上,提出了一种新方法,该方法将LFM信号的检测问题简化为小范围的一维搜索问题,从而有效的减小运算量和分离强弱信号,同时在低SNR情况下的参数估计性能接近CRLB(Cramer-Rao low bounds).仿真结果证实了方法的有效性.     

Simulation of Multi-Element Antenna Systems for Navigation Applications

The application of user terminals with multiple antenna inputs for use with the global navigation satellite systems like Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo has attracted more and more attention in the past years. Multiple antennas may be spread over the user platform and provide signals required for the platform attitude estimation or may be arranged in an antenna array to be used together with array processing algorithms for improving signal reception, e.g., for multi-path and interference mitigation. In order to generate signals for testing of receivers with multiple antenna inputs and corresponding receiver algorithms in a laboratory environment, a unique hardware signal simulation tool for wavefront simulation has been developed. The signals for a number of antenna elements are first generated in a flexible user defined geometry as digital signals in baseband and then mixed up to individual RF-outputs. This paper describes the principle functionality of the system and addresses some calibration issues. Measurement setups and results of data processing with simulated signals for different applications are shown and discussed.     

Distance protection and fault location utilizing only phase currentphasors

Two numerical algorithms for fault location and distance protection which use data from one end of a transmission line are presented. Both algorithms require only current signals as input data. Voltage signals are unnecessary for determining the unknown distance to the fault. The solution for the most frequent phase to ground fault is presented. The algorithms are relatively simple and easy to be implemented in the on-line application. The algorithms allow for accurate calculation of the fault location irrespective of the fault resistance and load. To illustrate the features of the new algorithms, steady-state and dynamic tests are presented     

基于遗传算法的正交多相码产生技术研究

正交信号设计是MIMO背景下的雷达信号产生的关键技术之一,为了降低正交多相码设计的复杂度,提高雷达的相关性能,本文采用了一种基于遗传算法的正交多相码设计方法。该方法利用Hadamard矩阵的严格正交性,首先构造一类Hadamard矩阵,从中选取初始码序列;然后把“和函数”作为代价函数,采用遗传算法求解出近似最优的信号组。整个实验通过MATLAB仿真实现。仿真结果表明,该方法在保证低自相关旁瓣量和低互相关量的同时,能够保证设计出的信号符合严格正交性。