磁石,磁铁,磁钢,磁体

永磁体（ｐｅｒｍａｎｅｎｔｍａｇｎｅｔ）是常用的一种磁性材料,也可简称磁体（ｍａｇｎｅｔ）,其用途是提供磁场,在资料中还有“磁铁”、“磁钢”,甚至“磁石”等名称,这些都是永磁体发展史上不同时期出现的名词。现在已统称为“磁体”。早在春秋战国时代,我们的...     

分数,百分数;w,φ,x

从事材料研究离不开材料配方,配方即是各组分元素（例如Ｎｄ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ合金中的Ｎｄ、Ｆｅ和Ｂ）或化合物（例如ＭｎＺｎ铁氧体中的ＭｎＯ、ＺｎＯ和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）在整个材料中所占比例。而这比例通常是按各元素或化合物的质量（以前称为重量）、体积、物质的量或原子数...     

教堂,香水,家电展

提起科隆，不同人应该能有不同的感受，至少会想起一样东西。如果你是热衷旅游、建筑的人，相信你应该知道科隆大教堂，这是令科隆乃至整个德国的骄傲。高达157米的双塔，既是科隆的象片，又是哥特式建筑的完美代表，令人神往。如果你是时尚潮流的追赶者，那么你一定知道古龙香水。古龙香水的原文是这样拼写的：Eau de Cologne，意思就是“科隆之水”，翻译的曼妙些就叫做古龙香水了。如果你是家电业的人，或者是众多使用家电的人中的一个，想到的就应该是科隆家电展了。这是全球瞩目的家电业盛会，是北京家电展欲比肩看齐的家电业盛会。     

积累,融合,创新

创新无处不在,创新却又难觅踪影。无论是大公司、小公司、热公司、慢公司,创新都是一剂差异化发展的良药。但良药苦口,真正遵循并坚持创新理念的企业并不多,大部分选择将其作为一种口号、作为一种企业文化的符号,用隽美的文字进行粉饰。在创新面前,我们并不是要求企业像爱迪生一样发明出可以帮助人类赶走黑暗的划时代性产品,但至少可以将自己说服:我相信,这不仅仅是一个     

FUZZ,EXPERT SYSTEM,ANN,& PETRI NET

Topics of current interestIn the last issue of this journal“ELECTRICITY,CSEE”a report was presented on the International Conference on Power System Tech-nology '91 where specialists from 15 countries were gathered together to discuss topics of common interest.Several outstanding problemsdeserve special report.For instance,the greenhouse problem was reported in this issue under the column of power and environment.Theoperator's training simulator is reported in a special article in this issue.Since a series of large scale blackouts occurred in several countries,particularly the 1977 New York City blackout,people realized that operators in the modem fully computerized and automated control centerneed constant practice on a simulator,so that they can be fully prepared to handle sudden attacks of severe disturbances.The current prob-lems and views from several countries taking part in the panel discussion were reported in this issue.Some new techniques attracting much attention from researchers in the field of power system technology,such as fuzzy systems,Expert Systems,Artificial Neural Networks and Petri Nets were discussed to quite some extent in this conference.They are also reported in thisissue.More special subjects will be reported in later issues.(Ed.)     

办实事,讲实效,节能降耗

开滦矿物局以开展“质量、品种、效益年”活动促进节能工作的进行,事实证明,只要办实事,就能见实效,节能工作才能深入持久地发展并能取得显著的效果。     

自力更生,土洋並举,大搞机具革新,配套成龙,提高劳动生产率,加快建設速度

一个以机械化、半机械化为中心的技术革新与技术革命运动,已经在全国许多地方蓬勃地开展起来。技术革新和技术革命以机械化、半机械化为中心,标志着技术革新、技术革命运动已进入一个新的阶段。这是在我国国民经济取得巨大跃进的基础上提出来的新任务,它反映了为适应础会主义建设事业高速度的发展,在生产技术上也必要有一个飞跃。这主要是生产工具的机械化与半机械化以及可能条件下的自动化与半自动化。机械化施工的优越性,已为多年来的实践所证明,也是我们电力建设的发展方向,特别是随着今后大容量高参数发、送、变电工程比重的增加及施工任     

日本,台湾地区,南朝鲜,新加坡的固体继电器工业

在日本,虽然在过去几年中固体继电器(SSR)的价格每年下跌了10％,但要胜过普通用的机电继电器,SSR仍有一些工作要做。 SSR随着应用上缓慢地推广,价格将继续降低,这对买主来说是个好消息。制造厂商要看准某些有潜力的应用领域。例如:需要频繁通、断的计算机控制制造设备,以及通讯和工业设备,诸如可编程序逻辑控制器和电热控制系统等。     

成核,形核;脱溶,沉淀,淀积

永磁材料的矫顽力机制 (磁硬化机制 )有两种 :成核型和钉扎型。前者通过反磁化核的形成和长大实现反磁化 ,外场超过反磁化核的成核场 Hn 时才能使局部磁矩反转形成反磁化核。后者则是通过晶格缺陷、杂质和脱溶物对畴壁的钉扎作用 ,阻碍反磁化。永磁合金分类中有一类称脱溶硬化型合金 ,其中也有两种 :一种是脱溶物对畴壁具有强烈的钉扎作用 ,例如 Sm2 Co1 7母相中脱溶出来的 Sm Co5 相对母体中的畴壁具有钉扎作用。另一种是磁性脱溶物为弥散的细微的单畴颗粒 ,从而产生高矫顽力 ,例如 Fe-Ni-Al合金和 Al Ni Co合金 ;或者是非磁性小片状…     

刘,盐,八,青水电站的水能挖潜

本文通过水能利用基本公式，分析了水能利用的各种因素，同时，介绍了在刘、盐、八、青水电站上的可挖的潜能。     

ESMRMB 2009 Congress,Antalya, Turkey, 1–3 October: Abstracts,Thursday

Object  To determine whether glycine can be measured at 7 T in human brain with ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Materials and methods  The glycine singlet is overlapped by the larger signal of myo-inositol. Density matrix simulations were performed to determine the TE at which the myo-inositol signal was reduced the most, following a single spin-echo excitation. ¹H MRS was performed on an actively shielded 7 T scanner, in five healthy volunteers. Results  At the TE of 30 ms, the myo-inositol signal intensity was substantially reduced. Quantification using LCModel yielded a glycine-to-creatine ratio of 0.14 ± 0.01, with a Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) of 7 ± 1%. Furthermore, quantification of metabolites other than glycine was possible as well, with a CRLB mostly below 10%. Conclusion  It is possible to detect glycine at 7 T in human brain, at the short TE of 30 ms with a single spin-echo excitation scheme.     

ESMRMB 2016, 33rd Annual Scientific Meeting,Vienna, AT,September 29–October 1: Abstracts,Thursday

Objective

To evaluate the feasibility of in vivo measurement of the fatty acid (FA) composition of breast adipose tissue by MRS on a clinical platform.

Material and methods

MRS experiments were performed at 3 T, using a STEAM sequence, on 25 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. MR spectra, acquired on healthy breast tissue, were analysed with the LCModel.

Results

The measured values of the saturated fatty acid (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fractions were 23.8 ± 7.1 %, 55.4 ± 6.8 % and 20.8 ± 4.4 %, respectively.The values of SFA, MUFA and PUFA observed in the current study are in the same range as those found in two previous studies performed at 7 T.

Conclusion

The results of the current study show that it is possible to quantify the fatty acid composition of breast tissue in vivo in a clinical setting (3 T).

     

需求,价格,竞争,2020年冰箱市场发展三部曲

2020年第三季度,中国经济全面回暖,在全面落实联防联控措施,构筑群防群治的严密防线下,国内的疫情发展态势得到了有效的控制,前三季度累计GDP同比增长0.7%,累计增速首次由负转正;10月社会零售品消费总额同比增长4.3%,企业生产经营活动预期指数达到59.3%,环比稳步提升。对于冰箱产业而言,市场发展势头也显著恢复。