盲信息的模糊评价模型在电网规划中的应用

针对不确定性因素能极大地影响电网规划方案正确性的实际情况，简要地分析了现有的处理该问题的几种方法，具体分析了隐含于线路费用中的政策、环保、经济的不确定性，给出了网络节点的电源出力、负荷值的不确定性信息的描述方法，提出了用盲数表示电网规划中大量不确定性信息的概念；所给出的盲数模糊评价方法可以很好地描述规划者对规划方案的满意程度，使得所建立的模型能最大程度地表现电网规划中的不确定性因素并适合用进化类算法优化计算，文中所给出的盲数计算技巧可显著地减少运算量，减小了大量信息处理带来的应用困难，18节点算例结果验证了模糊评价模型的有效性。该模型具备处理多种不确定性因素的能力，为电网规划理论和方法的完善提供了又一种有效的方法。     

基于模糊层次分析法的城市电网规划决策综合评判

作为城市电网规划的决策者通常要面临一个由相互关联的各个部分构成的复杂系统，这种复杂系统的决策问题大都属于多因素决策问题，其解决的关键在于如何在一系列非劣解中确定最优解。介绍了基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法，及其在某小区电网规划方案综合评判中应用的过程，为城市电网规划决策综合评判提供了一种新方法。     

电网规划中的模糊潮流计算

研究了计及电网规划中预测负荷及发电机出力不确定性的模糊潮流分析方法,给出了用模糊 数描述节点注 入功率不确定性时的模糊直流潮流求解方法及步骤。该方法简单,计算速度快 ,算例验证了其在电网规划 设计中的可行性及实用性。     

基于模糊层次分析法的城市电网规划决策综合评判

作为城市电网规划的决策者通常要面临一个由相互关联的各个部分构成的复杂系统，这种复杂系统的决策问题大都属于多目标决策问题，其解决的关键在于如何在一系列非劣解中确定最优解。本文介绍了基于三角模糊数的模糊层次分析法，及其在某小区电网规划方案综合评判中应用的过程，为城市电网规划决策综合评判提供了一种新方法。     

模糊综合评判在电网远期规划中的应用

本文提出采用模糊综合评判方法确定电网中、长期规划接线方式的模型和方法 ,用该综合评判模型对汕头电网中、长期规划的接线方式进行全面、定量、综合的评价 ,为电网规划的决策提供依据。     

考虑负荷模糊性的短期电网规划算法

文章应用基于可信性理论的模糊潮流计算方法建立了输电网短期规划模型及其算法：首先根据当前电网负载水平评估结果采用灵敏度技术自动建立候选线路集；然后从候选线路集中选出线路形成不同的规划方案，建立输电网短期规划优化模型；最后用模糊潮流算法分析预想规划网架的运行性能，并通过遗传算法求解得到优化方案。算例分析证明了该模型与算法的有效性。文章的研究成果还可扩展应用于多重模糊因素共同作用下的电网规划。文章的模型与算法已在能量管理系统(energy management system，EMS)平台上实现，借助EMS系统提供的精确电网模型以及大量完整的电网运行数据，其规划结果的可信度得到了提高。     

基于多场景和模糊技术的综合无功规划

无功规划问题涉及大量不确定因素，文中分析了多场景技术和模糊技术在电力系统不确定规划应用中只能分别考虑单一类型不确定因素的不足，结合两者的优势，提出了基于这2种规划思想的综合无功规划模型。模型中的多场景和模糊方法分别对应工程中典型的网络结构和负荷水平这2类不确定因素，以无功设备投资期望收益为目标函数，使得优化结果达到概率上的最优。多场景计算采用多种群遗传算法，并通过国内某地区实际电网算例证明了该模型和算法的有效性。     

南方沿海地区电网标识牌褪色模糊机理分析

南方沿海地区湿度大、盐雾多、太阳光照时间长、紫外线强、雨水多、微生物活跃、工业区分布广,对电网标识牌寿命有较大影响。而现有的电网标识牌褪色模糊研究分析仅停留在现象表面,因此,从电网使用环境和材质本身深入分析电网标识牌褪色模糊机理,并提出褪色模糊防治措施以减缓电网标识牌褪色模糊速率,延长其使用寿命,为电网标识牌防褪色模糊防治提供了新的思路。     

分布式发电无功补偿优化的模糊动态规划法研究

针对传统的优化方法的局限性,提出新的分布式发电的规划模型,该模型考虑了设备投资、电价等复杂电网涉及到的多种因素;针对分布式发电的动态规划的目标函数,采用模糊理论引入隶属度函数,有效地去除了满意度小的方案,明显地提高了计算精度,改进了收敛速度。     

灰色模糊聚类法用于配电网建设规模评估中的地区分类

客观评估地区电网总体建设规模是规划管理者的重要工作，对管理范围内的地区进行科学分类是实现评估的基础。文中在假设已建立评价指标体系的前提下，提出了一套实现地区电网分类的系统方法。首先以统计年鉴数据为依据计算电网规模影响因素对规模因子的灰色关联度，并以此作为其相对影响程度的测度指标，建立描述地区相似程度的特征向量空间；然后以空间距离为测度建立模糊相似空间；最后运用模糊聚类原理完成地区分类。实例分析表明，文中提出的方法简便、实用，结果客观、可靠，可作为宏观控制和指导地区电网建设规模的基本依据。     

Consideration of multiple uncertainties for evaluation of available transfer capability using fuzzy continuation power flow

In today’s electric power industry, accurate and flexible information is needed to provide nondiscriminatory access to all market participants. This paper primarily purports to determine available transfer capability (ATC) based on the fuzzy set theory for continuation power flow (CPF), thereby capturing uncertainty. Assuming that uncertainties involved in the ATC calculation are estimated or measured, a fuzzy model is formulated in which major uncertainty parameters affecting the ATC are regarded as fuzzy variables subject to their possibility distributions. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate main features of the fuzzy continuation power flow (FCPF) algorithm that can handle uncertainties in load parameters and bus injections as well. As such, the robust solution will assist in providing additional information on the actual ability of the network to a system operator. In other respects, it poses a significant influence on the potential curtailment of power trades from which the reinforcement strategy can be set by the system operator. The viability of the proposed method would be verified through a stark contrast with the ones obtained from the conventional CPF and the fuzzy power flow (FPF) in the IEEE-24 RTS bus system and in the IEEE-118 bus system.     

Optimal power flow by a fuzzy based hybrid particle swarm optimization approach

This paper presents a fuzzy based hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach for solving the optimal power flow (OPF) problem with uncertainties. Wind energy systems are being considered in the study power systems. OPF is an optimization problem which minimizes the total thermal unit fuel cost, total emission, and total real power loss while satisfying physical and technical constraints on the network. When performing the OPF problem in conventional methods, the load demand and wind speed must be forecasted to prevent errors. However, actually there are always errors in these forecasted values. A characteristic feature of the proposed fuzzy based hybrid PSO method is that the forecast load demand and wind speed errors can be taken into account using fuzzy sets. Fuzzy set notations in the load demand, wind speed, total fuel cost, total emission, and total real power loss are developed to obtain the optimal setting under an uncertain environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the OPF problem is performed on the IEEE 30- and 118-Bus test systems.     

基于模糊区间算法的配电网潮流计算

考虑配电系统运行中的不确定性因素,建立了负荷、并联电容器组和调相机的模糊区间模型。结合配电网络的特点以及模糊潮流和区间潮流各自的优点,提出了一 种基于模糊区间计算的前推回推配电网潮流算法。一般测试系统和阜新市10 kV实际配电系 统的计算结果验证了该算法快捷、有效。     

Interval type-2 fuzzy modeling of wind power generation in Genco's generation scheduling

Wind power is a promising source of electric power generation since it has tremendous environmental and social benefits. The generation scheduling (GS) problem encounters several uncertainties in terms of the system's parameters such as load, reserve and available wind power generation. The modeling of those uncertainties is an important issue in power system scheduling. A fuzzy based modeling approach can be used to develop the generation schedule under an uncertain environment.In this paper, the type-2 fuzzy membership function (MF) is implemented to model the linguistic uncertainty of type-1 MF of available wind power generation which stems from opinions of different experts. The proposed approach is applied to two test systems (six and twenty-six conventional generating units both with two wind farms) and the results of generation scheduling using both fuzzy modeling type-1, and type-2 are presented. These results demonstrate that the advantage of using the type-2 fuzzy to model the linguistic uncertainty of the type-1 MF. This paper demonstrates how unit scheduling in an uncertain environment of type-1 fuzzy MF modeling can be performed just by using a single type-2 fuzzy MF when all type-1 MF were in the footprint of uncertainty (FOU) of type-2 MF.     

可控串联电容补偿的模糊神经网络控制

在可控串联电容补偿控制中,针对电力系统模型及运行参数的不在确定性,应用神经网络和模糊控制理论设计了非一控制器。从线性最优控制器设计值中提取出经验规则,将模糊化后的变量引入神经网络结构,采用变尺度算法对网络参数优化,解模糊后得到反馈增益矩阵。仿真结果表明该控制器对系统静态稳定和暂态稳定均有良好效果。     

Volt/Var control in a distribution system by a fuzzy optimization approach

This paper presents a fuzzy optimization approach for solving the Volt/Var control problem in a distribution system with uncertainties. Wind turbines are being considered in the study distribution system. The main purpose is to find an optimum combination of tap position for the main transformer under load tap changer (ULTC) and on/off status for switched capacitors in a day to minimize the voltage deviation on the secondary bus of the main transformer, reactive power flow through the main transformer and real power loss on feeders. When performing the Volt/Var control problem in conventional methods, the hourly load and wind speed must be forecasted to prevent errors. However, actually there are always errors in these forecasted values. A characteristic feature of the proposed fuzzy optimization approach is that the forecast hourly load and wind speed errors can be taken into account using fuzzy sets. Fuzzy set notations in the load demand, wind speed, voltage deviation on the secondary bus, reactive power flow through the main transformer and total real power loss on feeders are developed to obtain the optimal dispatching schedule under an uncertain environment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the Volt/Var control problem is performed in a distribution system within the service area of Yunlin District Office of Taiwan Power Company (TPC). The results show that a proper dispatching schedule for ULTC position and capacitor switching operation can be reached using the proposed method.     

配电网模糊优化规划(Ⅰ)——模型与方法

配电网规划的特点和难点是不确定性的处理，以往对配电网规划不确定性的研究大多是对某一步骤进行，文中应用模糊数学理论，形成了贯通的配电网模糊规划方法，可以考虑负荷，投资，电价等相关因素的不确定性，建立相应的模糊优化规划数学模型，结合配电网的特点，提出了配电网的模糊负荷预测方法，模糊潮流算法和模糊优化方法，采用L－R型模糊数进行负荷预测和潮流计算，提出了简便实用的边界法，即用负荷模糊预报值的左，右边界和中心值分别进行潮流计算，再综合计算结果，这在输电网的模糊潮流计算中是不可行的，但配电网的幅射状结构决定了这种模糊潮流算法的简单性，可以满足模糊规划的需要，算例表明，模糊规划方法可以得到鲁棒性强的规划方案。     

Reactive power control for improving voltage profiles: A comparison between two decentralized approaches

This paper is concerned with a local regulation of the voltage profiles at buses where wind power distributed generators are connected. In particular, the aim of the work is to compare two voltage control methods: the first based on a sensitivity analysis and the second on the designing of a fuzzy control system. The two methods are tested by means of simulations on a real distribution system and the results indicate that both methods allow the voltage profiles to be regulated at the wind generator connection bus within voltage standard limits, by taking into account the capability curves of the wind generators. Nevertheless, the fuzzy method presents more advantage in comparison with the sensitivity method. In fact, (i) it provides a gentler action control with a lower reactive power consumption during control operations as the reactive power profile follows better the voltage variations; (ii) the design of the fuzzy controller is independent from the knowledge of network parameters and its topology.     

基于模糊神经网络的电力系统暂态稳定控制决策

利用故障后短时间内各发电机的功角信息 ,提出了一种复合神经网络结构 ,用于确定首摆暂态稳定协调切机和切负荷决策。整个神经网络是由分类部分和决策部分组成的两级网络 ,分类部分采用一种模糊竞争径向基网络 ,决策部分采用模糊竞争前馈网络实现函数逼近功能。对4 9机实际系统的数值仿真研究结果表明 ,本文方法决策精度高 ,训练速度快 ,具有实用前景