基于高频暂态分量进行相关分析及模糊推理的选相新方法

提出一种利用故障分量中高频分量实现故障选相的新原理。该原理直接利用电流互感器饱和前传变的暂态高频电流，使用小波提取相应频段暂态信号特征，对提取的信号特征进行相关分析，使用模糊集合对相关系数的隶属度综合评判进行选相。用该原理实现的选相装置可以配合基于暂态量的单端保护使用，具有超高速的特点，且不受过渡电阻、故障初始角及系统振荡的影响。对于三相换位不完全造成模量不平衡的情况也能进行正确选相。对某典型500 kV线路进行各种故障类型仿真，取得了满意的效果。     

基于暂态电流小波熵权的输电线路故障选相方法

在暂态电流信号小波分析结果的基础上，借鉴熵权的概念，给出了小波熵权的定义，提出一种利用高频暂态分量的小波熵权实现故障选相方法。该方法直接利用电流互感器的暂态高频电流，使用小波提取暂态信号特征，对提取的信号特征计算其沿尺度分布的权重，得到暂态信号的小波熵权，由此构造故障选相判据进行选相。基于EMTDC和MATLAB环境，利用该方法对某一典型500 kV线路进行各种故障类型选相的仿真分析，分析表明该方法具有高速、准确的特点，且不受过渡电阻、故障时间及故障位置等因素的影响，具有一定的实用价值。     

一种基于高频暂态分量的振荡中不对称短路的选相方案

提出了一种利用暂态高频分量实现振荡中故障选相的方案。该方案利用电流互感器传变过来的暂态高频电流,用B样条导数小波提取暂态信号,先对其进行相关性分析,然后利用模糊集理论将相关系数模糊化,最后进行综合评判,选出故障相。该方案不受过渡电阻和系统运行方式的影响。通过动模实验和Matlab仿真,取得了理想的效果。     

一种基于高频暂态分量的振荡中不对称短路的选相方案

提出了一种利用暂态高频分量实现振荡中故障选相的方案.该方案利用电流互感器传变过来的暂态高频电流,用B样条导数小波提取暂态信号,先对其进行相关性分析,然后利用模糊集理论将相关系数模糊化,最后进行综合评判,选出故障相.该方案不受过渡电阻和系统运行方式的影响.通过动模实验和Matlab仿真,取得了理想的效果.     

基于后向预测Prony算法的超高压输电线路故障选相方案

基于分布参数的超高压输电线路故障暂态信号成分的分析表明,故障后高频暂态电流信号的幅值和频率特征能够可靠区分各种故障类型。据此提出了一种基于故障后高频暂态电流信号的故障选相方案。方案中后向预测Prony算法和QR分解技术的使用,使电流暂态信号中高频成分特征的提取更加准确、快速。大量ATP仿真分析结果表明,该故障选相方案能够快速、准确地识别各种故障类型,且不受过渡电阻、故障初相角和负荷电流等故障条件的影响。     

智能电网继电保护研究的进展(一)——故障甄别新原理

利用故障暂态分量在区内故障时线路两侧功率方向相同、暂态能量大的特点,通过小波变换提取这些特征,实现超高压交流线路超高速保护、超高压母线超高速保护;利用直流输电线路端部的直流滤波器和平波电抗器对高频分量形成的阻抗边界,区内短路时高频分量远大于区外短路,使用高频能量在单端实现超高压直流线路全线超高速保护;利用中性点非直接接地系统单相接地时其暂态零序分量是工频分量几十倍并且不被补偿减小的特点,提取零序电流的高频分量,采用方向比较和幅值比较,实现了单相接地故障选线装置。给出了试验装置可以超高速(5ms内)判别故障性质的试验结果,展现了新的故障甄别原理可以满足智能电网中特高压系统对超高速切除故障的美好前景。     

基于B样条二进小波变换的故障选相研究

利用暂态行波的特征提出了一种基于小波变换的故障选相方法。该方法的实现原理是通过解耦变换将不独立的三相故障电流变换为解耦的零模电流分量和3个线模电流分量,并运用B样条二进小波对解耦变换得到的模电流分量进行分析,计算得到零模电流分量和线模电流分量初始行波的模极大值;并根据4个模电流分量极大值在不同故障类型下的不同特征进行对比分析选出故障相。所提出的故障选相方法充分运用了故障时电流初始行波中的模电流分量特征,克服了现有选相方法选相速度慢、受波形畸变影响等缺点,采用所提方法可得到准确、可靠的选相结果。最后通过PSCAD软件进行了仿真,运用Matlab分析了各种故障时的数据,验证了所提选相方法在选相方面的准确性和优越性。     

基于后向预测Prony算法的超高压输电线路暂态量保护方案

提出了一种基于故障后暂态电流信号的保护方案,利用运算法详细推导了分布参数下超高压输电线路各种故障类型时电流暂态信号的成分,分析结果表明故障后的暂态信号包含谐波形式的高频分量,其频率和相位特征能够可靠区分区内、外故障和各种故障类型.使用后向预测Prony算法作为提取暂态电流特征的工具,并对方程组的求解使用QR分解以缩短算...     

基于故障产生的电压暂态高频分量的模糊选相新原理

提出一种基于故障分量中的高频分量的故障选相新原理。该原理利用电压故障分量中 的高频成分,提取三相电压以不同相为基准的模变换的频域特征,利用模糊集合对该特征进 行处理以实现故障选相。该原理具有类似行波保护的超高速的特点,但选相并不仅限于利用 行波波头的特征,且不受过渡电阻和故障初始角的影响,对于振荡中发生的故障也能可靠地 选出故障相,具有较强的鲁棒性。用EMTP对某典型500 kV线路的各种故障进行了仿真,取得 了理想的效果。     

基于暂态相电流的小电流接地故障定位研究

提出一种利用三相电流中的故障电流暂态分量实现小电流接地故障定位的新方法。故障点上游线路,故障相的故障电流暂态分量约等于3倍的上游暂态零模电流,方向为由故障点流向母线;而健全相的故障电流暂态分量约等于故障点下游暂态零模电流,且由母线流向故障点。故障点下游线路,故障相和健全相的故障电流暂态分量均约等于下游暂态零模电流,方向为由故障点流向负荷。在此基础上,定义和求取方向参数,根据故障点两侧方向参数的不同实现故障定位。该方法只需本检测点的三相电流信号,不需电压信号,也不需相邻检测点时钟精确同步。     

A new non-communication protection technique for transmission lines

This paper proposes a new noncommunication protection technique for transmission line protection. The technique relies on firstly the detection of fault generated high frequency current transient signals. A specially designed multi-channel filter unit is then applied to the captured signals to extract desired bands of high frequency signals. Comparison between the spectral energies of different bands of the filter outputs determines whether a fault is internal or external to the protected zone. In addition to the saving in costs through negating the need for a communication link, the technique also retains many advantages of the `transient based protection' technology, such as insensitivity to fault type, fault position, fault path resistance and fault inception angle. It is also not affected by CT saturation, the power frequency short-circuit level at the terminating busbar or the precise configuration of the source side networks     

A new technique for transformer protection based on transientdetection

This paper proposes a new technique for transformer protection. The technique is concerned with the detection of the fault generated high frequency current transients by means of a specially designed relay unit. The relay, tuned to a band of high frequencies, is used to capture the transient currents from both sides of the transformer; the differential and average currents between the two sides are then calculated. The spectral energies of these current signals are extracted to produce the operate and restraint signals; a comparison between the levels of the two signals determines whether the fault is internal or external to the protected zone. A new technique for inrush detection has also been proposed in this paper. The technique detects inrush current by using the high frequency components contained in its current transient signal. The restraint signal is derived by computing the ratio of the spectral energy of the transient signal to the fundamental current. A comparison between the level of restraint signal and a pre-defined threshold determines whether a magnetizing inrush is in process. Simulation studies with respect to different fault and inrush conditions have been conducted, and the results prove that the proposed technique is able to offer fast responses in protection and accurately discriminate between inrush magnetizing current and internal faults     

小波分析在小电流接地系统故障选线中的应用

提出一种比较各条线路的暂态零序电流高频分量进行故障选线的方法。对不同的小电流接地系统，选用由Prony方法计算出的高频分量频率，从而更有效地利用暂态电气量。应用在时频空间具有良好聚焦特性的小波包，以适当频带宽度，对故障后暂态量进行分解。仿真结果表明，该选线方法故障特征明显，可以准确地实现单相故障选线。     

Positional protection of transmission line using fault generatedhigh frequency transient signals

This paper presents a new technique for high-speed protection of transmission lines, the positional protection technique. The technique uses a fault transient detector unit at the relaying point to capture fault generated high frequency transient signals contained in the primary currents. The decision to trip is based on the relative arrival times of these high frequency components as they propagate through the system. Extensive simulation studies of technique were carried out to examine the response to different power system and fault conditions. Results show that the scheme is insensitive to fault type, fault resistance, fault inception angle and system source configuration, and that it is able to offer both very high accuracy and speed in fault detection     

基于综合Hausdorff距离的小电流接地故障选线

将Hausdorff距离引入小电流接地系统故障选线,利用故障后暂态零序电流波形的相似性度作为故障选线判据,提出改进后的综合Hausdorff距离算法计算暂态零序电流的波形相似度,进行故障线路筛选。采用MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对不同故障条件分别进行仿真。实验结果表明,综合Hausdorff距离算法不受接地电阻、故障电压初相角、短路距离以及电网结构等因素的影响,具有准确性高,抗噪声能力强,检测速度快和对采样频率限制低的优点。     

基于检测暂态高频电流的配电网故障处理方法研究

针对故障暂态电流产生自故障点并向线路末端传播的特点,设计了基于暂态电流边界保护原理的故障区段判断方法。在馈线各分段开关处即各供电区段边界处安装故障判断装置,其实质为并联在馈线上的谐振电路,使得在谐振频段附近的电流成分被衰减。通过比较边界两侧特定频段电流成分的差异,自主判断故障区段。对开关两侧电流互感器输出的三相电压信号进行模变换、抗混叠滤波、A/D转换、数字带通滤波处理后得到特征频段信号幅值,计算开关两侧信号能量,将两侧电流能量衰减比例同设定阈值相比较判断故障发生的范围。仿真分析了不同故障条件下故障点上、下游开关两侧电流和能量,以及相应的衰减比例。结果显示:该方法不受故障类型的影响,对不同的故障电阻及故障初始角也可保持良好稳定性。     

电力系统的集成保护

通过介绍一种新颖的配电网保护方案来阐述集成保护的优越性。这个基于暂态极性方向比较的保护方案以伴随故障出现的暂态电流信号的检测和处理为基础,在配电网的各个变电站安装有专门设计的保护继电器,继电器的暂态检测单元检测故障生成的故障分量电信号,并将暂态极性识别算法应用于叠加故障分量信号上,判断信号的极性。通过对来自连接到变电站的所有线路的信号极性进行比较,可以确定出故障的方向。通过处理来自各变电站的方向信息,判别出实际的故障线路,从而实现电网的集成保护。     

Positional protection of transmission systems using GlobalPositioning System

This paper presents a new technique for the protection of power transmission systems by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and fault generated transients. In the scheme, the relay contains a fault transient detection system together with a communication unit, which is connected to the power line through the high voltage coupling capacitors of the CVT. Relays are installed at each busbar in a transmission network. These detect the fault generated high frequency voltage transient signals and record the time instant corresponding to when the initial travelling wave generated by the fault arrives at that busbar. The communication unit is used to transmit and receive coded digital signals of the local information to and from the associated relay(s) in the system. At each substation, the relays determine the location of the fault by comparing the GPS time stamps measured locally with those received from the adjacent substations. Extensive simulation studies presented in the paper demonstrate the feasibility of the scheme     

High Speed Digital Directional Comparison Relaying

ABSTRACT

A high speed directional comparison relay based on the evaluation of the locally measured deviations of the voltage and current from their prefault values is described in this paper. Signal processing techniques are used to damp out the exponentially decaying dc component and high frequency transient components so that the operation of the relay depends on the power frequency components of the voltage and current deviation signals. The direction to a fault is determined by detecting the first transgression of the fault trajectories across threshold boundaries in the deviation plane. Studies on a three phase power system model show that the direction to a fault is determined within a first few milliseconds following the inception of a fault.