一种采用变频技术来补偿开断电流衰减的试验回路

介绍一种不用补偿回路的电流衰减补偿方法,其工作原理是采用变频技术来提高熄弧半波电流的频率和增大电流值,以补偿开断电流的衰减,使其满足标准对最后燃弧半波电流幅值和半波持续时问的要求。对两种补偿方法的优缺点,从经济性、安全性、适用性以及等价性几个方面进行了比较和评估,得出了采用变频补偿方法具有显著优越性的结论,实践表明,该试验技术有较大实用价值和推广价值。     

从单相接地的暂态计算分析ZD—3型继电器不能正确动作的原因

ZD—3型继电器系作为小电流接地系统中指示故障接地线路用,是根据暂态首半波0<φ<180°过程中,零序电压和电流方向关系来进行判断。若以线路指向地为零序电压的正方向、母线指向线路为零序电流的正方向,则故障线路电流首半波与零序电压首半波方向相反,非故障线路则相同。石化热电厂35千伏消弧线圈接地系统采用ZD—3型继电器已十余年,但该继电器从未     

电流直流分量对低压电流互感器计量特性影响的试验研究

电网中的电流直流分量会对低压电流互感器的计量特性产生影响,通过模拟含直流分量的正弦半波电流波形,对被试样品进行试验,分别研究半波电流峰值和直流分量大小对低压电流互感器计量特性的影响。试验表明:电流互感器一次侧电流中含有的直流分量会使二次侧电流发生畸变,其畸变程度既和一次侧电流中所含的直流分量大小有关,也和一次侧电流的峰值有关。     

基于激磁电流单周期内负半波持续时间特征的直流剩余电流检测新型相位差法

针对直流剩余电流保护方法中传统的相位差法存在检测特征提取困难和硬件电路结构复杂的问题,提出了一种基于激磁电流一个周期内负半波持续时间特征的直流剩余电流检测新型相位差法。该方法通过检测激磁电流负半波的持续时间在剩余电流出现前后的差值来检测直流剩余电流。首先对激磁电流进行半波整流处理,将其负半波的持续时间转化为其幅值为零的时间。然后通过检测其幅值为零的持续时间在剩余电流出现前后的差值达到测量目的。基于该方法完成了直流剩余电流互感器硬件电路的设计,并通过实验验证了此方法的有效性。     

感应电动机堵转时内角接单相投入冲击电流的解析计算和分析

为研究电动机起动冲击电流与哪些参数有关以及冲击电流首半波与初始触发角的关系,首先列出三相感应电动机在αβ0坐标下的运动方程,然后着重研究了感应电动机内角接单相投入时的方程,通过拉普拉斯变换求得堵转时定子电流的解析解,最后利用Matlab软件编制了M语言程序对此进行了数值仿真,并对解析解进行了对比。针对三相感应电动机软起动的初始触发角的研究,在正确的解析解的基础上提取了最佳首半波的初始触发角,这对减小首半波的冲击电流起了十分重要的作用。     

注入半波直流的小电流接地故障选线定位方法

小电流接地故障选线定位问题是一直没有得到彻底解决的技术难题,判据特征量小是制约该问题的瓶颈。以增大判据特征量为思路,根据故障时配电网中性点对地电压的变化规律,提出从接地变压器一次侧中性点向故障系统注入较大的半波直流电流作为判据。详细分析了注入半波直流选线定位原理及其抗过渡电阻能力。经分析,注入的半波直流电流不影响配电网的正常运行,以满足半波直流电流的检测精度为条件确定注入电流的大小,中性点不接地和消弧线圈接地系统均适用且具有较高的抗过渡电阻能力。基于该原理的选线定位装置已投入现场试运行两年多,选线准确。     

基于等效半波注入法的小电流接地故障选线

我国中压配电网多数采用小电流接地运行方式,由于小电流接地系统单相接地故障电流很小并且容易受到外界条件的干扰等原因,故障选线难题多年未得到有效解决。通过对目前已有的故障选线方法进行分析,在原有的直流注入原理的基础上形成了等效半波注入法,通过比较各条线路的零序电流来选线。对等效半波注入法的选线定位理论进行了分析,主要包括确定了注入的半波直流信号的流通路径、形成了该方法的等值电路,并组建了对应的数学模型,在原理上验证了该理论的正确性。最后通过Matlab搭建模型验证该方法能够准确地实现故障选线。     

一种基于差动电流波形特征的励磁涌流识别新方法

分析变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流的波形特征,提出励磁涌流识别的新方法。内部故障电流的全波傅氏计算结果与半波傅氏计算结果接近,而励磁涌流的全波傅氏计算结果与半波傅氏计算结果差别较大。根据差动电流的全波傅氏算法计算结果以及全波傅氏算法计算结果与半波傅氏算法计算结果的差值,求取半个工频周期内该差值的积分与全波傅氏算法计算结果的积分的比值。若比值大于整定值判为励磁涌流,否则判为内部故障电流。理论分析和动模试验结果表明,该方法能够快速区分励磁涌流和内部故障电流,同时可以分相制动,提高了差动保护的可靠性和安全性。     

基于电流零点直流分量的中压断路器T100a试验TRV参数计算

电力系统中高压交流断路器开断非对称短路电流后,电流过零点的直流分量控制着随后的暂态恢复电压(TRV),国家标准《GB 1984—2014高压交流断路器》附录P给出了应用电流零点直流分量的首开极TRV参数的计算方法。大容量试验站在进行中压断路器非对称短路开断试验(T100a)时,通常为三相直接试验,首开极系数为1.5,且TRV具有两参数特征。文中在分析与讨论《GB 1984—2014高压交流断路器》的基础上,研究了满足标准规定的T100a试验时3次有效操作中首开大半波和延长大半波情况下,首开极与晚开极电流零点直流分量的计算方法,进一步来计算TRV的峰值uc。研究内容对首开大半波和延长大半波的预期TRV参数计算提供了理论依据和参考。     

利用半波傅里叶算法的两面积法识别励磁涌流

为了识别变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流,通过分析由半波傅里叶算法计算差动电流的基波幅值的变化特征,提出了一种基于半波傅里叶算法得到的基波幅值的波动系数的判据方法。该方法先对差动电流进行一阶差分滤波处理,用半波傅里叶算法求得基波幅值,选取工频一周波内计算所得基波幅值为数据窗,将其分成两段后各自求得面积,通过求得小面积与大面积比的最小值来识别励磁涌流和故障电流,该方法具有抗CT稳态饱和特性。通过理论分析和大量动模实验验证了该方法的准确性和可靠性。     

Transfer of Motor Loads Between Out-of-Phase Sources

An inrush current normally occurs when a motor is momentarily disconnected from a source of power and is immediately reconnected to an alternate source of power. The magnitude of the in-rush current may substantially exceed the normal starting current of the motor. The mechanical shock to the system may create cumulative damage to the motor shaft and windings resulting in reduced life if not immediate failure. The thermal and/or magnetic shock to the system can result in nuisance opening of overcurrent protective devices. Test data are presented showing how in-rush currents drawn by a motor vary for different transfer conditions, and one method for minimizing such currents is explained.     

变压器励磁涌流与故障电流判别方法分析

在研究变压器励磁涌流产生机理以及固有特点的基础上,针对变压器保护的需要,从保护原理的依据、优缺点和保护实现性上对目前鉴别变压器励磁涌流和内部故障电流的方法进行了比较分析。     

配电网谐波实时补偿系统预测检测策略

针对配电网电源侧谐波实时补偿系统提出了基于小波理论预测检测策略。其核心是跟踪电流基波分量，以半周期为采样更新速度，对负荷电流的基波分量进行递推式预报，避免了相关一般检测方法所引起的时滞。仿真结果表明，该检测方法有效、实用。     

神经网络理论在变压器故障诊断中的应用

把专家知识与神经网络计算相结合,用变压器原副边正序和负序电流分量的方向进行变压器的故障诊断,克服好传统的二次谐波制动特性劝保护在涌流伴随故障状态下的动作延时,能正确识别变压器的内部故障,励磁涌流、外部故障及空载合于内部故障等不同状态。用此原理构成的变压器保护动作时间最快可为半个周期,可适合于任意连接方式的双绕组变压器,且不受系统参数的影响,具有广泛的实用性和很强的容错能力,大量仿真结果证明了此方法     

A practical approach in substation capacitor bank applications tocalculating, limiting, and reducing the effects of transient currents

When two or more capacitor banks are in parallel on a common bus, the back-to-back switching of a bank against one or more already energized banks can produce high peak transient in-rush current values. Typically, these currents can exceed the available fault current levels previously present at the bus. The presence of inductance and capacitance together makes the transients oscillatory. Because of close circuit coupling, the transient frequency is generally several kilohertz or higher and usually decays to zero in a fraction of a 60-Hz cycle. The relatively high level and short duration of these currents can damage substation and control equipment necessitating that appropriate precautions be taken during the design process. This paper explores the methods for estimating capacitor bank transient currents, based on ANSI/IEEE C37.012-1979, for various sizes, voltages, and configurations of real world capacitor bank installations. Also discussed are the various accepted and applied methods for limiting substation equipment susceptibility to transients, as well as reducing the magnitude of the transients themselves     

利用改进型波形相关法鉴别励磁涌流的研究

提出了一种基于相关分析的变压器励磁涌流识别判据,该判据通过改进的最大面积法重组一周波数据窗内的采样信号,通过比较其前后半周波波的相关性来区分励磁涌流和故障电流。仿真和动模试验表明,该判据能正确识别各种情况下产生的励磁涌流通,在变压器带长线发生内部故障、内部故障与励磁涌流并存及CT特性较差的情况下,仍能快速正确地启动出口动作,具有较好的鲁棒性,该方法算法简单,能在现有的硬件平台上实现。     

Switching of capacitive currents and the correlation of restrike and pre-ignition behavior

The new IEC 62271-100 requires an extensive proof of the capability of capacitive switching for a breaker under test. For vacuum circuit breakers, dielectric properties are mainly determined by the condition and topology of the contact surfaces, which are modified by in-rush currents as well as load-breaking currents and other effects. A synthetic single-phase test device has been erected in order to simulate three-phase network conditions and to collect more data on the statistical properties of the relevant processes. The distribution of pre-ignition field strengths is evaluated for different contact strokes and surface conditions, when discharging a capacitor through the closing interrupter. On the other side, the probability of restrikes for a given switching condition defined by full contact gap d/sub 0/ and peak recovery voltage U/sub re//spl circ/ is measured and compared with the cumulative probability of pre-ignition just at the field strength E=U/sub re//spl circ//d/sub 0/. A correlation between pre-ignition and restrike probabilities suggests a breakdown mechanism being field-emission dominated. In addition a rather strong conditioning effect has been observed at smaller contact gaps smoothening the contact surfaces.     

12/3相双绕组感应发电机直流侧突然短路电流分析

通过适当简化分析，表明12／3相双绕组感应发电机直流侧突然短路不需要考虑辅助励磁绕组，等效为单独的十二相功率绕组直流侧突然短路，据此导出了交直流侧短路电流表达式。在此基础上，针对大容量的感应发电机，给出了估算交、直流侧最大冲击电流的简化计算公式，并论证其最大电流的到达时刻小于交流周期的二分之一，且随负载的增加其最大电流的到达时刻有所提前的结论。通过实验和仿真对比验证了该文所得结果的正确性，为系统保护装置的设计提供了理论依据。     

污秽绝缘子泄漏电流光纤传感器的设计

本文分析了污秽绝缘了泄漏电流的特点和光纤信号传输的特点，提出了污秽绝缘子泄漏电流光纤传感器的设计方法。     

REPRESENTATION Of THE INDUCED CURRENTS IN THE SOLID ROTOR OF A TURBO-GENERATOR UNDER ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION

ABSTRACT

If a turbo-generator is operated asynchronously, eddy currents will be induced in the solid iron parts of the rotor body and in the metallic slot wedges. In this paper, a mathematical model of a turbo-generator which includes the rotor eddy currents is developed. In the analysis, the rotor is considered to be consisting of two pole regions and two slotted regions. In each of these regions, the eddy currents are represented by means of different current sheets. The equations of the rotor eddy currents are derived by considering infinitesimally small elementary meshes in the two regions. A complete set of equations, which include all the necessary boundary conditions, is derived for solving the stator and field winding currents and rotor eddy currents as functions of time.