Analytical model for unavailability due to aging failures in power systems

Power system component failures can generally be classified into two categories: repairable random failures and aging failures. An essential step in power system reliability evaluation is the calculation of component unavailability. The paper presents a new model for calculating the unavailability due to aging failures using the normal distribution. It is based on the strictly mathematical derivation and can be used more easily with high accuracy compared to the traditional model. An example of seven generating units and two test systems of the RBTS and the IEEE-RTS were used to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed model and its applications in power system reliability evaluation.     

大电力系统可靠性评估的系统状态抽取方法研究

大电力系统可靠性评估算法包括3个基本步骤:系统状态抽取、系统状态分析和系统可靠性指标的更新。其中系统状态抽取是大电力系统可靠性评估中的重要起始环节。详细讨论了大电力系统可靠性评估的4种系统状态抽取方法,即状态枚举、状态抽样、状态转移抽样和状态持续时间抽样的基本原理,分析了它们的优缺点,并用RBTS和IEEE-RTS79可靠性测试系统进行分析研究。研究结果表明,不同的系统状态抽取方法具有不同的适用范围,并对可靠性评估的计算效率有重要影响。     

电网连锁反应故障研究新进展

由电网连锁反应故障造成的大面积停电事故一直是电力系统研究者的研究重点和难点定，虽然相应地提出了一些改进措施来提高电网的可靠性，但是事故仍然不断地发生。首先对当前国内外广泛使用的研究方法进行了综述．随后重点介绍了网络模型的最新进展．其中包括平均路长、集群系数、度分布这3个基水量，小世界、高度集团化．无标度的3个基本性质以及ER模型、WS模型、BA模型3个模型．同时还介绍了2种模拟连锁反应故障的方法，并且给出了相应的结果．最后讨论了这些网络横型和模拟方法．指出了它们的局限性以及应用前景．     

Evaluating multiple reliability indices of regional networks in wide area measurement system

The paper presents a hierarchical structure of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) that can satisfy requirements of reliable real-time data transfer. The methods of calculating multiple reliability indices of WAMS regional networks in the protection and recovery survival mechanisms are developed and an equivalent two-state model of a WAMS regional network is presented. The numerical results of an example indicate that the meshed WAMS regional network can provide a very high reliability level. The reliability of the regional network can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate location of Phasor Data Center (PDC) or by improving availability of crucial optic fiber links in the protection mechanism. In the dynamic recovery mechanism, however, these measures may not be effective and thus the key consideration should be put on how to timely restore data transfers after a communication contingency.     

采用SOM的发输电系统可靠性综合评估快速算法

针对目前发输电系统可靠性综合评估算法中蒙特卡罗仿真效率不高的问题，提出了一种利用模糊自组织映射(SOM)神经网络进行状态筛选的可靠性快速评估算法。SOM神经网络具有拓扑特征保持性质，经过训练后的SOM网络具有模式聚类能力，即不同的运行模式被映射到输出平面的相应位置，因而能对暂态稳定性进行判别。由于SOM具有学习训练时间短的优点，因而特别适于可靠性评估。将模糊SOM网络和序贯蒙特卡罗仿真结合在一起对系统状态进行筛选，首先将明显不失稳的无效系统状态筛掉，大大减少了需要完全评估的系统状态数，从而显著提高了综合评估的效率。通过对IEEE—RTS标准算例系统的计算，结果表明所提算法快速有效，具有良好的应用价值。     

Reliability assessment of restructured power systems using reliability network equivalent and pseudo-sequential simulation techniques

This paper presents a technique to evaluate reliability of a restructured power system with a bilateral market. The proposed technique is based on the combination of the reliability network equivalent and pseudo-sequential simulation approaches. The reliability network equivalent techniques have been implemented in the Monte Carlo simulation procedure to reduce the computational burden of the analysis. Pseudo-sequential simulation has been used to increase the computational efficiency of the non-sequential simulation method and to model the chronological aspects of market trading and system operation. Multi-state Markov models for generation and transmission systems are proposed and implemented in the simulation. A new load shedding scheme is proposed during generation inadequacy and network congestion to minimize the load curtailment. The IEEE reliability test system (RTS) is used to illustrate the technique.     

N层土壤模型下HVDC系统大地回路运行时ESP分布研究

分析High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC)输电系统大地回路运行时地表电位分布,是评估地下金属管道腐蚀、变压器直流偏磁、通信干扰等不良效应受接地极电流影响的前提。文中利用镜像法和电磁波的折射、反射规律,推导出N层垂直和水平复合分层的地表电位的解析公式,然后利用这个解析公式解决华东地区地表电位分布的实际问题,通过不同模型计算结果的反馈得到华东地区理想的仿真模型,最后用多项式插值将电位曲线进行拟合,得到华东地区地表电位的一般函数表达式。     

A quasi-steady state model of a DC transmission system under an unsymmetrical fault in the AC system

This paper presents a new quasi-steady-state model of a DC transmission system which can take account of unsymmetrical commutating voltages. In conjunction with a transient stability program it can be used to compute the transient stability of an interconnected AC-DC system under an unsymmetrical AC fault. An illustrative example shows that the model proposed gives an effective compromise between computing time and accuracy.     

HVDC输电系统次同步振荡(SSO)分析的GUI实现

为提高研究效率并普及研究结果，开发了一个用于分析HVDC输电系统次同步振荡(SSO)特性的图形用户界面（GUI)软件，这个GUI软件由人机界面及相关的回调函数组成，其中人机界面是利用MATLAB的GUI工具设汁的，而编写回调函数则利用了MATLAB的数值计算和数据可视化功能。实践表明在MATLAB环境下可容易、高效地开发出令人满意的GUI软件，通过GUI软件可实现SSO参数稳定域可视化分析及特征值分析和时域仿真分析，具有直观、方便的优点，适合广大技术人员对HVDC输电系统发生SSO失稳定可能性的检验。     

分布式电源规划中可靠性经济性的协调及系统决策

分析了分布式电源项目中存在的各项成本及项目实施所带来的各项系统指标,给出效益评估所涉及的各项因素,综合各项指标,利用对方案有偏好的多属性决策方法进行决策,同时考虑到决策者的主观偏好与客观属性之间的差距,以选择最优方案,使决策更加合理。通过算例证明了该方法的可行性。     

安全可靠性评估及其在电力光纤通信网的应用

针对电力系统对电力通信网的高安全可靠性的要求,定性分析网络的有效性、生存性和抗毁性,建立网络的加权安全评估模型,并使用不同分析方法获得网络的安全评估等级指数;定量评估网络的安全可靠性,找出其现存不足和提出网络的优化调整方案.结果表明采用所提的网络优化策略,湖南电网主干光纤通信网络的安全可靠性可得到全面提升且处于较优水平...     

供电服务质量体系模型的构建及评价

介绍了国外供电企业实施的顾客满意度测评所采用的满意度指数模型和设定顾客满意度指标体系所遵循的基本原则。叙述了上海市电力公司顾客满意度测评指标体系的构建框架，并对现有顾客满意度的测评方法，应用后的总结与分析，提出了建立供电行业服务质量体系模型及三方评价机制，用以改进供电服务质量和增强供电服务能力。     

基于IP的电力系统通信模式的选择

介绍了基于IP的数据网络通信模式(IP over ATM、IP over SDH、IP over WDM/Optical)的原理,结合电力系统通信网络安全性、实时性、可靠性的要求,对几种通信模式从对不同业务支持能力、业务传输速率、可否自愈、实际组网、经济性等各方面进行了综合评价,讨论了各种模式在电力系统中的应用范围和方式,同时对电力系统通信模式的未来发展方向作了展望.     

基于IP的电力系统通信模式的选择

介绍了基于IP的数据网络通信模式（IP over FATM、IP over SDH、IP over WDM／Optical）的原理，结合电力系统通信网络安全性、实时性、可靠性的要求，对几种通信模式从对不同业务支持能力、业务传输速率、可否自愈、实际组网、经济性等各方面进行了综合评价，讨论了各种模式在电力系统中的应用范围和方式，同时对电力系统通信模式的未来发展方向作了展望。     

Identification of power system dynamics due to combined use of mathematical model and neural network

In order to obtain a reliable model of power systems, identification of power system dynamics by employing a neural network is studied. A new method of combined use of a mathematical model and a neural network is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by applying to two kinds of one‐machine infinite‐bus system—an experimental system and a numerical simulation model system. In the conventional method, the neural network learns the generator terminal voltage of the system directly. On one hand, in the new method, the neural network is trained to learn errors between the generator terminal voltage of the system and that produced by the mathematical model. The results of the test show that good performance is obtained for the proposed method. Construction of a more reliable model is demonstrated by combined use of the mathematical model and the neural network. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(1): 42–48, 2002     

停运模型与事件树理论在电力系统脆性风险评估中的应用

阐述了电网因连锁性故障发生大停电事故的原因.基于停运模型及事件树理论对系统连锁故障进行了脆性分析;给出了风险评估流程,并结合实例验证了该方法的可行性.所以,系统的脆性风险分析,可以确定重点高风险元件,通过对高风险元件的监测、控制,防止系统连锁性故障的发生,以保证电力系统安全、可靠地运行.     

Risk assessment of urban network planning in china based on the matter-element model and extension analysis

The practice of urban power network planning in China is facing more and more complex risks. The nature of the risks themselves is unclear and uncertain. In order to ensure that urban power networks are planned in a scientific manner, a reasonable risk assessment needs to be performed. Based on extension analysis and the matter-element extension theory, a model of risk evaluation designed to be applied to urban power network planning is put forward in this paper. This model has the advantage that it conveniently quantifies the qualitative indices. At the same time, it also overcomes the main limitation of the matter-element method, namely, that if the risk index exceeds the risk grading standard, it can not be calculated using the correlation function. Finally, taking a specific urban power network as an example, the empirical analysis results show that this model is credible and practical.     

A digital real-time simulation model of a power supply operating in normal or fault state by using multiple modules

 Using the multiple-module coupling algorithm, this contribution presents a model of a concrete power supply system operating in the normal state and the fault state of its module single-circuit high-voltage three-phase power transmission line. The corresponding digital real-time simulation is carried out on a PC. The real-time results of the model show that the model of the multiple-module coupling algorithm presented here is in good agreement with practical experience and suited to meet the demand of real-time simulation. Received: 1 February 2001/Accepted: 15 February 2001     

Evaluation of costs for procuring reserve capacity in a deregulated power system using multi‐agent model

In this paper, we assume 2 models for securing reserve capacity. One is “Commitment‐based Security Model” and the other is “Reserve Market‐based Security Model.” In Commitment‐based security model, ISO commits procurement of reserve energy to a particular generation company. Meanwhile, in Reserve market‐based security model, ISO procures reserve energy through reserve market. The main object of this research is to investigate which model will be preferable for the viewpoint of consumer's cost. To compare these models, two things are considered in this paper. One is bidding behavior of agents which bids to energy market and reserve market. To consider this, Q‐Learning of multi‐agent model is used. Also, the Unit Commitment (UC) is considered to calculate generation cost. This is to calculate the cost for securing reserve power more precisely. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 18– 25, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20705     

基于实时信息系统的抽水蓄能电站负荷水情电量调度系统模型的开发应用

就天荒坪抽水蓄能电站基于实时信息系统SIS平台的负荷、水库调度、电量系统模型的设计、建立、开发和调试工作进行了说明和介绍.