A Method for Reliability Optimization of Distributed Generation Using Meta-Heuristic and Probabilistic Techniques

Abstract—This article shows a method to optimize the reliability of an electric power system by the introduction of distributed generation. The reliability index of the system is determined as the failure probability of the system. A hybrid method that uses a binary shuffled frog-leaping algorithm and probabilistic load flow is proposed to search a large number of combinations for location and size of biomass power plants and photovoltaic units. The combination with the best performance minimizes the reliability index (probability of failure) of the system.     

基于粒子群优化的加权伏罗诺伊图变电站规划

针对变电站规划问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化的加权伏罗诺伊图(weighted Voronoi diagram,WVD)变电站规划方法,在变电站数量和容量组合确定的情况下,对变电站的位置和供电范围进行优化。根据变电站及负荷分布的特点,给出全新的权重计算方法,其权重可自适应调整,从而形成基于加权伏罗诺伊图的变电站规划方法。该方法在保证算法收敛的同时,使变电站的位置及供电范围更合理。利用粒子群优化算法的全局搜索特点,实现了基于粒子群优化的加权伏罗诺伊图(particle swarm optimization-weighted voronoi diagram,PSO-WVD)变电站选址及供电范围规划。算例结果表明所提方法无论在变电站站址的确定方面,还是在变电站供电范围的划分方面都比单一方法可靠、合理。     

A Review of Technologies for Multistage Wood Biomass Gasification

Currently, small-scale distributed power generation is being intensively developed in Russia and abroad. Given the rise in the rates for the electric and thermal energy, the development of new territories, and the technical infeasible connection to the power supply system, one of the most promising variants of supplying isolated consumers with power is the application of wood biomass gasification technologies. Analysis of the studies in this sphere shows that considerable attention is paid to enhancing the gasification efficiency and ensuring the purity of the gas. These problems are solved using multistage gasification technology. This technology involves the pyrolysis and gasification in separated zones of the gasifier or individual interconnected reactors, which enables achieving the optimal conditions for the conversion of biomass at every separate stage. The major advantage of multistage gasifiers is the production of synthesis gas with a low content of tar. The article represents a review of technologies for multistage wood biomass gasification and comparison of the relevant gasifiers of various types; the basic single-stage and multistage wood biomass gasification technologies are examined and their technical characteristics and examples of their commercial implementation are provided. Analysis of the current situation shows that predominantly foreign multistage wood biomass gasification technologies/plants have found practical application. These technologies allow the produced syngas to be directly used in internal combustion engines and gas turbines without employing expensive auxiliary detarring plants.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的DG准入容量与优化布置

为进一步优化配电网中分布式电源（distributed generation,DG）的准入容量和优化布置问题,以节点电压和线路载流量为约束条件建立了单电源和多电源准入容量的数学模型,以有功网损最小为目标函数建立了DG优化布置模型。为有效求解该模型,采用了基于粒子群优化（particle swarm optimization,PSO）算法和二次插值相结合的改进PSO算法,将该改进方法应用于IEEE 33节点标准算例,分别进行了DG的最优接入位置与最优容量的仿真,并与粒子群算法优化结果进行了对比,同时还分析了优化布置下的潮流分布。算例仿真结果表明该方法可有效减少DG接入后配电网的网损,提高配电网的供电质量。     

Technologies for the Comprehensive Exploitation of the Geothermal Resources of the North Caucasus Region

Technology for the integrated development of low-temperature geothermal resources using the thermal and water potentials for various purposes is proposed. The heat of the thermal waters is utilized in a low-temperature district heating system and for heating the water in a hot water supply system. The water cooled in heat exchangers enters a chemical treatment system where it is conditioned into potable water quality and then forwarded to the household and potable water supply system. Efficient technologies for removal of arsenic and organic contaminants from the water have been developed. For the uninterrupted supply of the consumers with power, the technologies that use two and more types of renewable energy sources (RESs) have the best prospects. Technology for processing organic waste using the geothermal energy has been proposed. According to this technology, the geothermal water is divided into two flows, one of which is delivered to a biomass conversion system and the other is directed to a geothermal steam-gas power plant (GSGP). The wastewater arrives at the pump station from which it is pumped back into the bed. Upon drying, the biogas from the conversion system is delivered into the combustion chamber of a gas-turbine plant (GTP). The heat of the turbine exhaust gases is used in the GSGP to evaporate and reheat the low-boiling working medium. The working medium is heated in the GSGP to the evaporation temperature using the heat of the thermal water. High-temperature geothermal brines are the most promising for the comprehensive processing. According to the proposed technology, the heat energy of the brines is utilized to generate the electric power at a binary geothermal power station; the electric power is then used to extract the dissolved chemical components from the rest of the brine. The comprehensive utilization of high-temperature brines of the East-Precaucasian Artesian Basin will allow to completely satisfy the demand of Russia for lithium carbonate and sodium chloride.     

生物质气化机理及应用

介绍了生物质气化机理、工艺及设备,并介绍了目前应用较多的生物质气化供气和生物质气化发电方式,指出了生物质气化技术目前面临的问题,提高效率和可靠性、降低飞灰和焦油含量等是今后生物质气化技术应用的主要研究课题。     

计及多能需求的综合能源服务商优化运行策略研究

随着分布式发电技术的不断成熟及发展,未来综合能源服务将是整合不同类型分布式发电并满足用户不同用能需求的有效途径。提出了一种含有多种分布式发电资源同时考虑多用能需求的综合能源服务商优化运行策略模型。首先建立了含有风电、光伏、燃气轮机、电储能、电热泵、辅助锅炉等分布式资源及电、热用能需求的园区综合能源系统优化调度模型;其次计算优化运行后的能源利用效率;最后,分析对比了不同季节、实时电价及天然气价格变化对综合能源服务商运行策略及盈利的影响。仿真结果验证了模型的有效性,其中综合能源服务商的收益对天然气的价格变化更为敏感。     

改进粒子群优化算法的电力系统最优潮流计算

标准的粒子群优化(PSO)算法一般不能兼顾收敛速度、全局探索能力和局部精细搜索能力,因此,提出了改进粒子群算法以解决电力系统的最优潮流计算问题,同时指出今后粒子群算法的研究方向.     

Optimal Thermal Unit Commitment Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources Using Advanced Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents a methodology for solving generation planning problem for thermal units integrated with wind and solar energy systems. The renewable energy sources are included in this model due to their low electricity cost and positive effect on environment. The generation planning problem also known by unit commitment problem is solved by a genetic algorithm operated improved binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Unlike trivial PSO, this algorithm runs the refinement process through the solutions within multiple populations. Some genetic algorithm operators such as crossover, elitism, and mutation are stochastically applied within the higher potential solutions to generate new solutions for next population. The PSO includes a new variable for updating velocity in accordance with population best along with conventional particle best and global best. The algorithm performs effectively in various sized thermal power system with equivalent solar and wind energy system and is able to produce high quality (minimized production cost) solutions. The solution model is also beneficial for reconstructed deregulated power system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm by comparing the outcome with several established methods. Copyright © 2009 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

考虑EV负荷的微电网多主体联合容量优化配置方法

随着可再生能源(renewable energy,RE)、智能电网、电力运输等环保技术的快速发展,未来的发电和供电展现出新特点。现代电力系统的能耗特性设计要求更灵活,更易于控制,因此促进了灵活可控的分布式电源快速发展。本文介绍了一种包含太阳能光伏(solar photovoltaic,PV),风力涡轮机(wind turbines,WT),柴油发电机(diesel generators,DG)和电池储能系统(battery energy storage system,BESS)的典型独立微电网(microgrid,MG)的联合容量优化方法。MG提供住宅社区负荷,包括典型的住宅负荷和电动汽车(electric vehicles,EV)充电负荷。建立PV、WT、柴油发电系统、BESS和EV充电负荷的实际数学模型以改进容量优化方法,其涉及与可再生电源、柴油发电系统、BESS和EV负荷相关的各种实际约束。研究目标包括：1) 最小化成本;2) 减少温室气体排放;3) 减少弃能。此研究可以为微电网容量优化配置提供有力支撑。