碳酸盐共沉淀法制备LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2及其性能

以化学共沉淀法制备出的球形Ni0.5Co0.3Mn0.2CO3前驱体,合成了振实密度高达2.60 g/cm3的球形正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2.研究表明,LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2为10 μm左右的球形粉体,为纯相的α-NaFeO2层状结构.在2.7～4.3V,0.2 C倍率进行充放电,LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2的首次放电比容量170.2 mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率为94.3%;在2.7～4.6 V,在0.2 C倍率下放电,首次放电比容量为191.8 mAh/g,循环50次后容量保持率为90.5%.LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2O2的首次循环伏安测试结果和交流阻抗测试结果进一步表明材料具有良好的电化学性能.     

Ti^4＋和Zn^2＋离子复合掺杂对LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2性能的影响

以Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3（OH）2和Li2CO3为原料,TiO2和ZnO为掺杂剂,制备出不同含量钛锌离子复合掺杂的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2。用XRD、SEM、恒电流充放电、交流阻抗法和循环伏安方法分别研究了不同掺杂量对LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2的结构、形貌和其电化学性能的影响。结果表明3%（摩尔分数）的Ti、Zn离子复合掺杂能有效提高LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2的倍率放电能力和循环性能。在1C和2C的充放电倍率下,首次放电容量分别为170.4mAh/g和164.8mAh/g,经过50次充放电循环后容量保持率分别为96.3%和94.7%,具有优良的电化学性能。     

LiTiO2包覆对LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2正极材料的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Ni0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05(OH)2三元前驱体,与LiOH·H2 O球磨混合后,通过高温固相法烧结制备LiNi0.8 Co0.15Al0.05O2(NCA)正极材料,探究LiTiO2包覆量(0、0.2％、0.5％、1.0％)对LiTiO2包覆的Li(Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05)1-xO2正极材料性能的影响.通过XRD、SEM、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)及充放电测试等,分析材料的结构、形貌及电化学性能.LiTiO2包覆在NCA材料表面,当包覆量为0.5％时,电化学性能最佳.在2.8～4.2 V充放电,1.0 C倍率的首次放电比容量达182.3 mAh/g,循环200次的容量保持率为76.4％;10.0 C倍率的放电比容量为141.3 mAh/g.     

Li2TiO3包覆提高LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能

结合共沉淀法、溶剂热法和固相法,将Li2TiO3包覆在LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2正极材料表面,合成zLi2TiO3@LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2(z=0、0.03、0.05和0.08)正极材料.通过XRD、SEM和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成材料的结构、形貌和元素分布等进行分析.Li2TiO3均匀地包覆在LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的表面,减缓LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2材料的团聚程度;包覆过程中,少量的Ti4+掺杂进入材料的内部,可降低锂镍混排程度.以40 mA/g(0.2 C)在2.5～4.5 V充放电,0.03Li2TiO3@LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2的电化学性能较好.与LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2正极材料相比,包覆Li2TiO3不仅将电极的放电比容量由125.44 mAh/g提高到138.40 mAh/g,而且将容量保持率由76.66％提升到89.23％(循环120次时).这是因为具有三维结构的Li2TiO3包覆层和Ti4+掺杂可降低锂镍混排,减轻极化,降低迁移电阻,增加材料的结构稳定性,提高Li+的迁移速率.     

TiO2包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的高温与高倍率性能

用载体转移工艺制备TiO2包覆的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(TZ-NC M)材料,产物为层状α-NaFeO2结构,TiO2均匀包覆在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM)的表面.在2.8～4.3 V循环,TZ-NCM的5.0 C首次放电比容量为111.8 mAh/g;在55℃下以1.0 C循环50次,TZ-NCM的放电比容量为151.0 mAh/g.包覆TiO2能提高高倍率性能、高温稳定性和循环性能.     

AIPO4包覆对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2性能的影响

采用共沉淀法在LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2表面包覆AIPO4.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和充放电测试技术研究AIPO4包覆对正极材料的晶体结构、微观形貌和电化学性能的影响.电化学性能测试结果表明:不同AIPO4包覆量对正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2物理性质、结构及电化学性能有显著影响.当采用AIPO4包覆量为1％时,循环性能最好,50次循环后,放电比容量仅降到176 mAh/g,容量衰减最小,只有1.7％.表现出良好的电化学稳定性,同时材料的倍率性能也明显提高.     

Mg掺杂对LiNi0．4Co 0．2Mn0．4-xMgxO2结构和性能影响

采用碳酸盐共沉淀法合成了层状LiNi0.4 Co0.2MnMgxO2锂离子电池正极材料,对材料进行XRD研究表明,该材料具有a—NaFeO2（R-3m）结构。数据显示,通过Mg掺杂降低了Li层的阳离子混排程度。通过组装扣式电池对材料进行恒流充放电测试、交流阻抗测试、循环伏安测试等电化学性能测试。与LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2相比,在Mn位进行Mg掺杂的LiNi0.4Co0.2 Mn0.4-x MgxO2循环性能和结构稳定性有了大幅度提高。所有掺杂的样品中,LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.038MgxO2具有最好的循环性能,首次放电比容量达到164．7mAh／g,在0．1C下循环10次后的容量达到160．3mAh／g。     

Co、Mn包覆镍基材料LiNi0.90CO0.05Mn0.05O2的烧结温度与性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法,即将Co、Mn氢氧化物包覆球形Ni(OH)2合成了正极材料LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2的前驱体,利用该前驱体和氢氧化锂球磨混匀后,高温焙烧,合成了Co、Mn包覆镍基三元正极材料LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2,分析了烧结温度对结构、形貌、性能的影响.研究表明:720℃烧结的LiNi0.90Co0.05Mn0.05O2性能最佳,在25℃,2.75-4.2 V,1 C充放电条件下,具有160～180 mAh/g的比容量;循环300次,其容量保持率为100.7%.     

正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的制备及性能研究

以柠檬酸为络合剂,乙二醇为交联剂,通过Pechini法制备出锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2.采用X射线衍射光谱法(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行表征.实验结果表明在850℃下保温6h合成出的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn13O2具有最佳的层状结构和纳米级的一次均匀颗粒,且该条件下由LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2/碳纳米管(质量比为90∶5)作为正极复合材料制作的电池电化学性能最佳.在2.5～4.5V进行恒流充放电测试,0.2 C下首次放电比容量为219.6 mAh/g,倍率性能佳,在1C下充放电首次比容量为158.7 mAh/g,且循环性能优良,在60次循环以后,容量保持率为91.25％.     

FePO4包覆LiNi0.3Co0.7O2正极材料的改性研究

为了提高锂离子电池正极材料的表面结构稳定性,用沉淀法在层状LiNi0.3Co0.7O2表面包覆一层FePO4,并对材料的结构和性能进行了研究。研究结果表明,表面包覆FePO4,有效地抑制了正极材料与电解液的相互作用,提高了其循环稳定性能。当包覆比例为1.0%wt时,电池的首次放电比容量为127.925 mAh/g,经过30次循环后容量保持率为90.52%;电池的电化学综合性能较好。     

氢氧等离子体合成过氧化氢过程的能效研究

为提高氢氧等离子体合成H2O2技术的能量效率,通过分析放电过程的反应器能效及电源能量注入效率,确定了影响合成总能效的主要因素。考察了反应器电极间距、电源放电频率及注入功率对反应器能效和电源能量注入效率的影响。发现减小电极间距、提高放电频率和注入功率有利于提高反应器能效,但不利于提高电源能量注入效率。本研究中可以得到150 gH2O2/kWh的反应器能效,但由于较低的电源能量注入效率,致使合成H2O2的总能效不超过9 gH2O2/kWh。因此,提高等离子体法合成H2O2过程的总能效,不仅需要设计高能效的等离子体反应器,还需为反应器负载开发适配的电源,而后者是提升该技术能量效率的关键。     

High dielectric permittivity of SrBi2Nb2O9(SBN) added Bi2O3 and La2O3

In this paper, the structural and dielectric properties of SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) as a function of Bi₂O₃ or La₂O₃ addition level in the radio (RF) and microwave frequencies were investigated. The SBN, were prepared by using a new procedure in the solid-state reaction method with the addition of 3; 5; 10 and 15 wt.% of Bi₂O₃ or La₂O_3. A single orthorhombic phase was formed after calcination at 900 °C for 2 h. The analysis by x-ray diffraction (XRD) using the Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of single-phase compound with a crystal structure (a?=?5.5129 Å, b?=?5.5183 Å and c?=?25.0819 Å; α?=?β?=?γ?=?90°). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) micrograph of the material shows globular morphologies (nearly spherical) of grains throughout the surface of the samples. The Curie temperature found for the undoped sample was about 400 °C, with additions of Bi³⁺, the temperature decreases and with additions of La³⁺ the Curie temperature increased significantly above 450 °C. In the measurements of the dielectric properties of SBN at room temperature, one observe that at 10 MHz the highest values of permittivity was observed for SBN5LaP (5%La₂O₃) with values of 116,71 and the lower loss (0.0057) was obtained for SBN15LaP (15%La₂O₃). In the microwave frequency region, Bi₂O₃ added samples have shown higher dielectric permittivity than La₂O₃ added samples, we highlight the SBN15BiG (15 % Bi₂O₃) with the highest dielectric permittivity of 70.32 (3.4 GHz). The dielectric permittivity values are in the range of 28–71 and dielectric losses are of the order of 10^?2. The samples were investigated for possible applications in RF and microwave components.     

CuO/g-Al2O3和CuO-CeO2-Na2O/g-Al2O3催化吸附剂的脱硝性能

利用改进的溶胶凝胶法制备纳米孔径的CuO/γ-Al2O3和CuO-CeO2-Na2O/γ-Al2O3催化吸附剂颗粒,在固定床上测试其催化脱硝活性。两类催化吸附剂250～400℃范围内脱硝效率稳定在70％以上。在350℃时效率稳定在最高值。利用程序升温方法研究了两类催化剂对NH3和NO的氧化性能,发现NH3在高于400℃下急剧氧化,是脱硝效率下降的主要原因。CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂能将NO氧化生成NO2,NO2生成有利于脱硝反应的进行。NO在催化剂上的吸附对脱硝过程有重要作用。改进的CuO-CeO2-Na2O/γ-Al2O3催化剂能使NH3在高温400℃下不被氧化,也促进了NO在催化剂表面的吸附,从而提高催化剂了脱硝效率。催化剂反应的机理为NO吸附在催化剂表面,氧化生成吸附态的NO2,其再与吸附催化剂上的NH3反应。     

V2O5含量对Bi2O3-V2O5复合添加NiCuZn铁氧体性能的影响

用传统陶瓷工艺制配了(Ni0.16Cu0.2Zn0.64O)1.02(Fe2O3)0.98铁氧体材料,研究了Bi2O3-V2O5复合添加对材料烧结特性和磁性能的影响.结果表明,复合添加bi2O3-V2O5能促进样品致密化、提高起始磁导率和品质因数.当添加0.3wt%Bi2O3、0.15wt%V2O5时,930℃烧结起始磁导率μi＞800、品质因数(94)、密度(5.12 g/cm3)都达到较大值,比同样配方只掺杂Bi2O3的NiCuZn材料明显提高.     

Thermoelectricity of p-Fe2O3-SO3-SiO2-others and n-Fe2O3-SiO2-CuO-others

Thermoelectric minerals have been found at Loei Province, in the northeastern part of Thailand. Local mineral specimens were prepared in the powders and bulk solids form by crushing, calcination and annealing, pressure and sintering, cutting and polishing. Mineral samples were used to analyze the composition and phase, determine the thermoelectric property and efficiency, design and construct a thermoelectric generator. Chemical composition and phase identification of powder samples were analyzed by the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. XRF and XRD results indicated that the mineral samples comprised the SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others. From the thermoelectric property and efficiency determinations, the p-SO₃-CaO-SiO₂-others, p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others, n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others bulks were found to exhibit the thermoelectric figure of merit in orders of 10^?14, 10^?11, 10^?14 and 10^?13 K^?1, respectively. A fabricated thermoelectric generator made from ten pairs of p-Fe₂O₃-SO₃-SiO₂-others and n-Fe₂O₃-SiO₂-CuO-others legs that can be provided the open circuit voltage and short circuit current up to 48.30 mV and 0.14 μA for a temperature difference of 39.80 K at room temperature, respectively. While the internal resistance decreased and reached a value of 665 kΩ.     

Ar/H_2O等离子射流作用下生理盐水中H_2O_2的生成

低温常压等离子体产生的丰富的化学活性物种(活性氧和氮基团)在生物医学应用(如伤口消毒和愈合)上有着很高的需求,尤其是活性氧基团(如O(3P)、O(5P)、OH*、O2-、1O2、O、O3和H2O2)有着很强的杀菌能力。为此,采用了一种针-环介质阻挡放电(DBD)结构的Ar/H2O等离子体射流作用于生理盐水中生成H2O2,并对水蒸气体积分数、等离子体处理时间及等离子体处理后储存时间对生理盐水中H2O2浓度的影响进行了相应的研究。研究结果表明:在相同处理时间的情况下,生理盐水中H2O2浓度随着水蒸气体积分数的增大而出现先增后减的情况,而H2O2生成率和能量利用率则受水蒸气体积分数影响不大;在相同水蒸气体积分数的情况下,较长的等离子体处理时间将会导致较高的H2O2浓度、生成率和能量利用率;等离子体处理后的生理盐水中的H2O2在40 min时间内可以相对稳定地存在,显示了H2O2在等离子体药学上应用的可能性。     

Fabrication of amorphous bulk and multi-phase ceramics by melting method in the HfO2-Al2O3-Gd2O3-Eu2O3system

Ceramics have generally been fabricated from powders by shape forming & sintering methods except for glasses and glass ceramics. Glasses and glass ceramics can be fabricated by melting methods. The melting method has not only higher productivity but also higher shape forming ability than powder processes via forming & sintering methods. Thus we have reinvestigated melting methods in binary and ternary oxides systems to fabricate amorphous bulk ceramics and bulk nano composites. We have successfully fabricated amorphous phases by simple melt solidification methods in ternary eutectic melts in the HfO₂-Al₂O₃-Gd₂O₃system. The present study demonstrates the formation of the amorphous phases in quaternary systems HfO₂-Al₂O₃-Gd₂O₃-Eu₂O₃. Furthermore, we have also succeeded to fabricate nano-structured bulk ceramics, which consisted of constituent oxide grains with 20–100 nm in size, by post annealing of the amorphous phase.     

Mixed Hydroxide Precursors for La2Ti2O7 and Nd2Ti2O7 by Homogeneous Precipitation

Feasibility of formation of stoichiometric precursors of either M₂ (TiO)₂(C₂O₄)₅ 4H₂O (M = La and Nd) or coprecipitated hydroxides of M(OH)₃+TiO(OH)₂ was investigated by two solution routes at different pH values. Composition of precipitates obtained at pH = 7.0 by coprecipitation method starting from La or Nd nitrates and potassium titanyl oxalate corresponded to a physical mixture of La or Nd(C₂O₄)₃ 9.5H₂O and TiO(OH)₂7·H₂O which on thermal decomposition did not yield phase pure M₂Ti₂O₇. However, precipitation from La or Nd nitrates and titanium tertrachloride by urea hydrolysis yielded homogeneous mixture of hydroxides of La or Nd and Ti, which on pyrolysis at 950°C yielded phase pure La₂Ti₂O₇ and Nd₂Ti₂O₇. Use of potassium titanyl oxalate as precursor for Ti, led to selective precipitation of La or Nd oxalate even at pH as low as 0.1 leading to sequential precipitation of La or Nd oxalate followed by Ti hydroxide at pH = 3.0. The resultant precipitate on pyrolysis underwent typical solid-state reaction.     

Dielectric and Piezoelectric Properties of Nonstoichiometric SrBi2Ta2O9 and SrBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics

Nonstoichiometric SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ (SBT) and SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) ceramics were prepared by a solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that single-phase of Bi-layered perovskite was obtained. With different Sr/Bi content ratios of SBT and SBN, Curie temperature (T_C), electromechanical factor (K_p) and mechanical quality factor (Q_m) were measured. T_C of SBN (SBT) rose from 414C (314C) to 494C (426C) when Sr/Bi content ratio was increased from 0.55/2.3 to 1.2/1.8. In the most Sr-deficient/Bi-excess ratio of 0.55/2.3, the maximum values of Q_m were obtained approximately 1013 and 3325 for SBT and SBN, respectively.     

过氧化氢钝化工艺的改进

传统的过氧化氢钝化工艺较难掌握，钝化条件比较苛刻，钝化效果一般，还容易出现一种褐色不明附着物。经过大量试验研究，对过氧化氢钝化工艺进行了改进，钝化效果明显提高。