改进LS-SVM在开环光纤陀螺误差补偿中的应用

根据开环光纤陀螺标度因数在全量程范围内是非线性的,其线性度误差随输入角速度增人而增大的特性,提出采用基于粒子群的LS-SVM方法对光纤陀螺进行建模并进行误差补偿.当输入角速度小时,采用平滑滤波效果优于改进的LS-SVM建模补偿方法.在速率转台上采集开环光纤陀螺VG941全量程范围内输出数据,利用改进的LS-SVM和平滑滤波组合的方法对光纤陀螺误差补偿.仿真结果表明使开环光纤陀螺线性度最大误差从15%下降到1.7‰,提高了测量精确度,扩大了应用范围.     

一种动调陀螺测斜仪的数据采集系统设计

动调陀螺测斜仪是一种可在油气勘探中用于测量钻头走向方位的仪器,且不受地磁干扰,日益受到业界的青睐。针对动调陀螺测斜仪模拟信号数字化的实际需要,本文研究开发了一种基于CPLD的动调陀螺测斜仪数据采集系统。系统由CPLD控制芯片、模拟开关、A/D采样芯片以及相应的接口电路等组成。测试结果表明,所设计的数据采集系统采集精度高、稳定性好,能够在油气井高温、高压恶劣环境条件下正常工作,不仅具有工程实用价值,而且为动调陀螺测斜仪灵活、快捷的升级换代提供了保证。     

基于CIM和ESB的企业级电网准实时资源中心研究与应用

基于公共信息模型(CIM)和企业服务总线(ESB)对电力系统资源、资产、测量统一建模,统一数据存储,统一数据发布,统一数据接口,并在此基础上,推动相关生产、营销、采集系统的改造升级。对现有IEC61970量测模型进行扩展,并将量测量或量测量组与设备关联,实现关联可操作性。提出轻量级缓存技术以降低电网资源中心中海量数据对服务器端的访问压力,并提高系统运行效率和可用性。同时将大量离散空间数据经过缓冲、融合、B样条曲线美化、OGC服务、GIS发布等处理后实现电网资源可视化展示。构建企业级电网准实时资源中心,在现有基础上增加更多的共享测量资源,实现未来向智能电网发展。     

基于人工单相接地短路试验的电力系统计算用模型参数校核方法研究

利用2004年4月8日黄渡站5101线人工单相接地短路故障试验的系统数据，特别是试验时测录的相量测量数据，在华东电网发电机和励磁系统建模及参数实测工作取得成果的基础上，进行了试验方式下的潮流、短路电流和暂态稳定仿真计算，并与实测数据相比较。通过分析发电机、励磁系统、电力系统稳定器、负荷等模型和参数对仿真结果的影响，探索了利用相量测量数据进行电网计算用模型参数校核的方法和思路。     

基于多重渐消因子变分贝叶斯的陀螺阵列融合算法

针对由多个MEMS陀螺仪组成的阵列系统在动态情况下噪声时变导致输出精度低的问题，提出了新的动态滤波模型和滤波方法。通过分析MEMS陀螺的误差特性和对角速度进行动态建模，构建了基于角速度估计的阵列陀螺随机误差动态滤波模型。由于动态情况下模型的不确定性导致传统方法精度较差，设计了一种多重渐消因子变分贝叶斯自适应卡尔曼滤波算法，利用变分贝叶斯思想和强跟踪理论提高了滤波器量测噪声估计精度、收敛速度和鲁棒性。最后在高精度转台上进行了静态实验和动态实验。实验结果表明：在静态条件下，“虚拟陀螺”方差降低为单个陀螺的4%，零偏不稳定性降低为47.2%；在动态条件下，“虚拟陀螺”能有效跟踪角速度的变化且角速度残差方差降低为单个陀螺的6.2%。该滤波算法能有效提高MEMS陀螺阵列系统的输出精度。     

中储式制粉系统出力在线监测软测量建模

为降低球磨机制粉系统的制粉单耗，对制粉系统出力进行软测量建模研究。在建模过程中，针对软测量辅助变量选择难的问题，将混沌理论与灰熵关联理论相结合，提出一种新的适用于具有混沌特性的灰系统对象的软测量辅助变量选择方法，即混沌灰熵分析(GECA)法；为解决软测量模型在线校正问题，提出模型在线校正的新算法，以提高软测量模型的测量精度；在此基础上实现了基于混沌灰熵分析支成分分析支持向量机(PCA-e-SVR)、主成分分析BP网络持向量机(GECA-e-SVR)的制粉系统出力软测量建模。与主(PCA-BP)软测量模型相比较，GECA-e-SVR模型具有较高精度。研究表明，文中所建立的软测量模型具有较高测量精度，具有重要的工程应用价值。     

智能配电网多源数据融合研究

微型同步相量测量装置(distribution network phasor measurement unit,D-PMU)和高级量测设备(advanced metering infrastructure,AM I)等新型量测装置所采集的数据与传统配电网SCADA系统采集的数据一起成为了智能配电网广域量测与控制系统(distribution network wide area measurement and control system,D-WAMCS)的数据源。为弥补各系统在建设时遵循的建模标准不统一的缺陷,实现各系统数据之间的互通,本文首先对智能配电网混合量测体系架构进行了分析,比较了D-PMU数据、AMI数据与SCADA数据在数据成分、数据精度、时标信息等方面的差异,提出了一种统一信息模型,对IEC 61850标准和IEC 61968-301(CIM)标准的设备描述进行统一。利用示范区实际系统对所提模型进行了验证。     

大动态范围浮点A／D数据采集器的设计

介绍了浮点Ａ／Ｄ数据采集原理以及船用捷联惯导系统中基于高性能十六位单片机８０Ｃ１９６ＫＣ的浮点Ａ／Ｄ采集转换电路的设计,浮点Ａ／Ｄ转换技术能很好地采集到陀螺的微弱信号,对陀螺的大动态范围信号进行压缩。试验表明,该数据采集系统有较高的应用价值。     

基于虚拟仪器的空间加速度测量模块的检测系统

空间加速度测量模块是航天器上的重要设备,负责采集航天器运行过程中的加速度数据。为了监控和检测加速度测量模块,确保该模块的正常运行,通过虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW,利用瀑布软件开发模型,设计一种加速度测量模块的检测系统。该系统可以实现对试验数据的采集和模块运行状态的实时监测,同时对已采集的在轨航天器加速度数据进行频谱分析。目前该系统已在地面测试中发挥了很大作用。     

数据采集系统测量结果的不确定度评定

依据数据采集系统的校准方法，对数据采集系统测量准确性影响的不确定度因素（来源）进行分析，确定被校准的数据采集系统与不确定度来源之间的关系。用适当的方法确定各不确定度来源的不确定度，根据测量不确定度传播定律，计算出被校准的数据采集系统测量结果的不确定度。     

A Gauss-Markov load model for application in risk evaluation andproduction simulation

Load uncertainty contributes to system operational risk; thus the study of system operating reserve or unit commitment risk requires a load model that includes the uncertainty in load as well as the variation with time. The authors propose a Gauss-Markov load model. This random process model includes both the time variation and the uncertainty in load. This load model is used to predict, conditional on what is known at a previous hour, the mean and the variance of the system hourly load. This mean and variance are required for a system operating reserve study and a broad spectrum of production simulations. The proposed load model is described, the model is justified, and the model is illustrated via an example     

Experimental validation of a model for an information-embedded power system

This paper develops a model of an electrical power system with its inherent embedded communication system for the purpose of studying the characteristics of power system measurement errors due to communication delays. This model is referred to as an "information-embedded power system" to emphasize the inclusion of information variables that represent measurements that have been delivered across the communication system and observed at a control center. These information variables are added to the standard power system model for the energy balance within the power system. A stochastic system model is developed, which is composed of both the physical infrastructure of the power system as well as the embedded computer network communication infrastructure. This type of analysis is an extension of traditional observability approaches, which usually only assume steady-state conditions in the power system and do not consider time delays in delivering measurements. An experimental platform has also been designed to validate the developed model.     

基于PSCAD的宜华HVDC系统建模及仿真

运用成熟的电磁仿真工具PSCAD,深入研究宜都-华新高压直流输电(HVDC)工程.参考该工程的实际数据,搭建的一次侧输电系统包含了交流系统、换流变压器、滤波器等其他组件的详细模型.搭建的二次侧控制系统模型是在CIGRE测试模型控制端的基础上修改的,并且详细介绍了控制系统的逻辑和原理.基于一次和二次侧系统模型建立宜华HVDC工程的仿真模型,并对其进行正常和故障状态下的模拟实验,验证了本模型的稳定性以及本模型可准确模拟宜华高压直流输电系统,可以作为对宜华高压直流输电进一步研究的有效平台.     

Detailed modeling of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system

This paper presents a detailed model for simulation of a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) system. SMES technology has the potential to bring real power storage characteristic to the utility transmission and distribution systems. The principle of SMES system operation is reviewed in this paper. To understand transient and dynamic performance of a SMES system, a detailed SMES system benchmark model is given with extensive simulation results. This system is demonstrated using an electromagnetic transient program-PSCAD/EMTDC.     

水机电耦合系统建模及暂态分析

在水电系统研究中,水力系统与电力系统模型精度失配、缺乏全面的水机电数学模型是制约水电系统动态过程研究和提高仿真精度的主要原因。基于水机电各元件模型,采用积木式结构在MATLAB/Simulink环境下构建了水机电整体耦合系统模型,便于研究水力系统和电气系统之间的相互影响,分析水电站的暂态过程。基于该模型对单机无穷大系统进行了仿真研究,比较了电气系统扰动对水力系统的影响以及水力系统扰动对电气系统的影响,并对仿真结果进行了分析。     

WAMS based identification for obtaining linear models to coordinate controllable devices

This paper is concerned with the use of subspace system identification techniques to derive a low-order black-box state-space model of a power system with many controllable devices. This is a multi-input multi-output open system model describing the power oscillatory behavior of the power system. The input signals are the controllable set points of the controllable devices, the output signals are the speed of some generators measured by a wide-area measurement system. This paper describes how to achieve and pre-process the data to use the subspace method to estimate and validate to finally assign an accurate model. This new approach can be used directly for the design of a centrally coordinated controller coordinating all the relevant controllable devices, with the aim to increase the damping of the modes in the system. Previously presented models, using input signals from controllable devices, use local measurements or output signals dependent on the actual operational point. The benefit of the presented method is that the used output signals are independent of the system state. This makes it possible to use a state-feedback controller, i.e., coordinated control. The presented method is applied in the Cigré Nordic 32-bus system including two high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links. The case study demonstrates that accurate low-order state-space models can be estimated and validated using the described method to accurately model the system’s power oscillatory behavior.     

Low-order dynamic equivalent estimation of power systems using data of phasor measurement units

This paper utilizes data measured by phasor measurement units (PMUs) to extract a low-order dynamic equivalent model for power system stability studies. The estimated model is a 2-order model for synchronous machines. This model has the advantage of simplicity of classical model and considerably reduces the oversimplifying error of classical model. This method offers an alternative approach to analytical model reduction techniques based on the detailed system models. The proposed method uses the synchronized bus voltage and current phasors measured by PMUs. Using post disturbance data, electrical and mechanical parameters of the equivalent generator are estimated sequentially. Furthermore, a new approach for estimation of two-machine and single machine infinite bus (SMIB) equivalent systems are presented for analysis of electromechanical oscillations. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, simulations are performed on a two area 13-bus test system and real measured PMU data. Simulation results show that the estimated model can represent the dynamic behavior of the studied system with good approximation.     

Price-based ramp-rate model for dynamic dispatch and unitcommitment

The ramp-rate limits of generators can significantly impact power system operation. As a result, they need to be properly modeled in power system production simulations. This paper presents a price-based ramp-rate model. This model is particularly suited for application to power system scheduling models that are based on dual formulation (i.e. price-based). In this model, the impact of binding ramp-rate limits is reflected via the hourly marginal ramp-rate values ($/MW-Hr) of generators. In the paper, the proposed ramp-rate model is applied to price-based dynamic dispatch and price-based unit commitment. Simple examples are used throughout the paper to illustrate the concept of the proposed model     

直接转矩控制系统的转速估算模型及其参数补偿方法

本文在分析感应电动机直接转矩控制理论的基础上,推导出电机瞬时转速的估算模型,该估算模型具有快速跟踪真实值的优点。提出了基于模型参考自适应理论的参数补偿方法,补偿后的估算模型具有参数适应性。仿真结果表明,带有参数补偿的转速估算模型具有很好的性能。     

电热联合调度模型综述

区域电热综合能源系统在能源利用方面有独特优势,为了准确把握电热联合调度的研究重点,综述了电热联合调度模型的相关研究热点问题。介绍了以区域供热为对象的电热联合系统的基本结构与特点。从电热能流差异出发,分析了联合调度模型中热力系统各元件热力特性模型、电力系统典型模型和电热耦合元件典型模型。针对目前电热联合调度模型的研究侧重点与进展,从基本调度模型、考虑能流差异性、考虑系统不确定性、考虑调度机制、考虑主体利益与电力市场的调度模型等五个方面综述了主流的电热联合调度模型,并展望了电热联合调度模型未来研究方向。