正交频分复用系统中基于迭代插值的低压电力线信道估计

<正>交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)技术以其多种优势成为低压电力线通信的最佳选择,信道估计是OFDM系统的关键问题之一。分析低压电力线信道特性,针对信道慢时变特性及噪声复杂的特点,提出一种适用于低压电力线通信的采用迭代插值的信道估计算法。该算法对导频符号的频率响应进行迭代插值,求出整个信道的频率响应,并利用信道响应的自相关矩阵,对信道频率响应进行优化,从而得到更加精确的信道估计。仿真结果表明,该信道估计算法能有效地跟踪低压电力线信道特性,降低了系统的误比特率和均方误差。     

OFDM系统信道估计算法研究及其在低压电力线通信上的应用

低压电力线通信以其特有的优势将在未来高速数据通信业务中发挥重要的作用，OFDM(正交频分复用)技术具有很强的抗多径能力，非常适合低压电力线通信的多径信道传输。采用相干解调的OFDM系统需要对信道进行估计，以获得信道状态信息(CSI)。文中分析比较了OFDM系统信道估计算法，并根据低压电力线信道的特点，选择了适合于电力线通信的信道估计方法。     

基于多层感知器的低压电力线时变信道非线性均衡方法

通过添加适当的循环前缀(CP)的正交频分复用(OFDM)技术是一种去除高速通信中符号间干扰的有效方法，但低压电力线作为载波通信通道使用时是一种时变多径信道，采用OFDM技术进行高速载波通信时信号的正交性会因此而受到一定程度的破坏，产生子载波间干扰（ICI）。该文采用基于多层感知器（MLP）的均方差(MSE)准则实现了一种时变信道的非线性均衡。为了验证所提出的非线性均衡方法的有效性，选取具有宽带耦合放大器的实际低压电力线通信(PLC)信道作为实验用非线性信道模型。对比了基于MSE准则的线性和非线性均衡器对系统性能的影响，表明该文采用的非线性均衡方法可以更有效地补偿信道的多径性和时变性造成的影响和改善电力线载波通信系统的性能。     

电力线通信中信道估计和模糊滤波技术研究

信道估计是正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing，OFDM) 技术中数据解调与均衡的基础。文章在分析电力线信道特性的基础上，针对电力线信道的非线性畸变对数据传输准确率的影响，提出采用基于模糊模型的滤波器来估计信道模型。仿真结果表明，所设计的H∞ 滤波器与OFDM 通信技术相结合能够有效消除或降低电力线信道中存在的噪声干扰、码间干扰和信道间干扰。     

基于判决反馈的正交频分复用低压电力线通信信道估计的研究

正交频分复用技术以其多种优势成为低压电力线宽带通信的最佳选择,信道估计是正交频分复用系统的关键问题之一.该文分析了低压电力线信道特性,利用信道慢时变的特点提出一种适合于电力线信道的判决反馈信道估计方法.这种方法使用前一个正交频分复用符号计算得到的信道估计值去均衡下一个接收符号,形成一个集判决,反馈,信道估计为一体的回路.它不需要加入导频符号,能够进行连续信道估计,大大提高了系统传输效率.将该信道估计方法用于电力线通信仿真系统中,取得了较好的效果.     

电力线正交频分复用通信的实时信道估计

信道估计是电力线正交频分复用（OFDM）通信中的重要环节。直接影响OFDM通信的均衡效果和动态数据流分配。文中介绍了利用电力线信道的性质，在OFDM通信中实时获得信道传输特性函数的方法，并通过实验证实了该方法的有效性。估计方法得到的电力线信道传输特性曲线与实际曲线的比较以圈表的形式给出。实验还证实电力线信道可以看成一个线性有限冲激响应（FIR）滤波器系统，为进一步研究电力线信道的性质和高速电力线通信奠定了基础。     

基于超混沌系统的正交频分复用时频同步算法

针对低压电力线信道噪声干扰强、多径衰落严重,而传统同步算法保密性弱、小数倍载波频偏估计易受多径衰落影响的缺点,提出一种适合于低压电力线通信信道的正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)时频同步算法。将超混沌系统生成的混沌序列用于构造同步训练序列,提出新的定时偏差估计和小数倍频偏估计的算法,在延续循环移位的思想的基础上完成整数倍频偏估计。理论分析表明,混沌系统对初始值的敏感性与所提出的算法相结合,可极大地增强系统的保密性。仿真结果表明,所提出的定时偏差估计准确率高、频偏估计性能更优,能有效地对抗低压电力线通信信道的强噪声和多径衰落。     

宽带电力线载波OFDM信道估计

正交频分复用（OFDM）是电力线高速数据传输的有效调制技术.而电力线信道的时频双选择性造成OFDM系统的频率偏移,导致载波间干扰（inter-carrier interference,ICI）.为准确掌握信道特性,提出了基于离散长球序列-基扩展模型（DPSS-BEM）的宽带电力线载波OFDM信道估计方法.采用二维DPSS-BEM对电力线信道进行建模,将电力线信道视为二维正交分量的线性加权,并利用导频位置的训练信息和最小二乘法估计权值.仿真表明,该方法能有效地跟踪电力线信道变化,改善信道的归一化均方误差和误码率性能,以便有针对性地采取措施,减少载波间的相互干扰.     

浅谈智能电网中低压电力线高速数据通信

未来的智能电网是电力和通信架构的集合。首先介绍了智能电网中电力线高速数据通信模式,然后在对电力线高速数据通信调制方案进行了对比和分析,研究如何采用正交频分复用调制方式通过低压电力线接入网络的可行性,最后针对低压电力线通信中存在的严重符号间干扰ISI,提出采用加入保护间隔、加入循环前缀、循环前缀和自适应均衡相结合的三种解决方案。     

PLC核心技术OFDM及其Matlab仿真

OFDM是PLC最主要的核心算法，是当前业内人士比较关注的热点技术之一。文章介绍了OFDM的发展过程和基本原理，并在此基础上，说明了OFDM适合在电力线传输的特点。通过OFDM时域模型、频域模型、信道的最小二乘估计阐述了OFDM消除符号间干扰和抗频率选择性衰落的原理，最后介绍了OFDM在Matlab环境下的仿真方法。     

Bit-Interleaved Coded OFDM With Iterative Decoding in Impulsive Noise

Bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) have recently been considered separately to improve the error performance and/or spectral efficiency of communication systems disturbed by impulsive noise, such as power-line communications. Given the advantages of these two techniques, this paper proposes a novel combination of them in one system. The key feature of the proposed system, termed bit-interleaved coded OFDM with iterative decoding (BI-COFDM-ID), is the iterative processing at the receiver where information exchange is carried out between the OFDM demodulator and the channel decoder. Structure and algorithms employed at the iterative receiver of BI-COFDM-ID are described in detail. The results show that BI-COFDM-ID outperforms all the previously proposed techniques at the high signal-to-noise-ratio region and, therefore, it is attractive for applications that require high spectral efficiency and low bit-error rate.     

A novel multicarrier signal transmission system over multipath channel of low-voltage power line

As the technique of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has the ability to overcome the effect of multipath and to obtain high spectral efficiency of the communication channel, it is generally considered as one of the most effective methods to realize the high-speed digital communication system over the low-voltage powerline. This paper proposes a novel OFDM method, in which the cosine carriers of the conventional OFDM system are replaced with the orthonormal wavelets. A quantitative index used to measure the multipath interference, including the intersymbol interference (ISI) and the interchannel interference (ICI), is induced with a filter bank-based multicarrier transmission system model. The effectiveness of the proposed OFDM over the conventional OFDM in reducing both the ISI and the ICI is verified on a model obtained from the measurements of a practical low-voltage powerline communication channel.     

A nonlinear equalization method based on multilayer perceptron for OFDM power-line communication

A high-speed data-communication over low-voltage power line is currently an active field of broad application. Power-line communication (PLC), based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), is developing rapidly. OFDM with an appropriately selected guard interval is considered as one of the most effective ways to eliminate the intersymbol interference of high-rate signal transmission. However, it is unable to deal with the orthogonality degradation between the subchannels due to the time-variant characteristics of the multipath power-line channels, which are known as the interchannel interference problem. It is, therefore, necessary to introduce a nonlinear channel equalizer. In this paper, a multilayer perceptron scheme trained with a mean square error (MSE) criterion is proposed for the design of the nonlinear channel equalizer. The performances of the traditional linear equalizer and the proposed nonlinear one are compared. In order to evaluate the robustness of the proposed approach against the channel distortion, experimental measurements are made in a real PLC network. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified via the experiments on the test system.     

Adaptive Robust Turbo Equalization for Power-Line Communications

Data communication over power lines requires advanced signal-processing techniques to cope with time-varying intersymbol interference and severe impulsive noise. A further challenge comes from strict regulatory constraints that stipulate low transmission power. In this paper, we propose an adaptive robust turbo equalizer for single-carrier coded systems. The turbo equalizer has a component equalizer to deal with the deep frequency notches present in power-line channels. The component equalizer exchanges extrinsic information with a component decoder to perform iterative detection. To facilitate adaptive equalization in time-varying power-line channels, a simple system identification-based channel estimator is incorporated. Most important, a nonlinear-matched myriad filter (MMyF) is used for efficient baseband filtering in impulsive channels. The results show that the MMyF is indispensable for the turbo equalizer to achieve reliable channel estimation and data detection in impulsive power lines. Substantial performance improvements over the conventional scheme designed for Gaussian channels are observed.     

Link-Adaptive Physical Layer for Indoor Broadband Power-Line Communications

Increasing interest in smart home automation systems or home networks has driven the use of low-voltage power lines as a high-speed data channel. Since this type of power line is not designed for communication purposes, the channel exhibits unfavorable transmission properties. In this paper, a novel orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based physical-layer architecture for indoor broadband power-line communications is proposed. For the design of the layer, a new constellation for bit-mapping (or modulation) is introduced to increase the transmission rate over a sudden phase-shift-prone channel. In addition, a simple bit-loading scheme is adopted and a new preamble for a packet-based power-line communication system is proposed. The proposed layer is implemented as a type of testbed, and is field-tested in labs and in residential homes. The test results demonstrate that the proposed system has good channel adaptivity and achieves high transmission rates.      

基于正交小波的低压电力线多载波通信新方法

基于正交频分复用的概念，提出了使用多尺度正交小波基取代传统正交频分复用调制(OFDM)中的余弦函数基的新想法，并且基于滤波器组的多载波系统模型推导出衡量多径干扰的定量指标，在实际低压电力载波通道模型上，对使用上述两种OFDM方法所产生的多径干扰进行了计算，计算结果表明，与传统的OFDM方法相比，文中所提出的方法可大大减少多径干扰量。     

单相配电网多用户OFDM通信系统的频谱优化

电力线通信应用OFDM作为调制解调方式，在典型的低压电力线信道上进行多用户通信时，存在信道频谱的优化问题。本文讨论了单相配电网的多用户OFDM通信系统环境下，子信道和功率的分配问题，对原有的一种快速次优算法进行了改进，在算法中整体考虑未能满足速率要求的所有用户，同时在改变初始分配结果时更为有效的分配发射功率。仿真结果表明，在极少增加算法运行时间的情况下，改进后的算法比原算法在发射功率相同的情况下系统的整体传输速率有了较大的提高。证明改进后得算法可以更高的效率解决该系统中的频谱优化问题。     

一种新的低压电力线通信比特和功率分配算法

为了提高低压电力线通信的传输速率和信道容量,提出了一种新的比特和功率分配算法。利用正交频分复用(OFDM)自适应比特分配方法动态调整了信号的调制方式,在此基础之上分析了电力信道传输信号的误码率。选取电力线多径传输模型作为信道模型,结合注水法和通信服务质量(QoS)提出了基于特定QoS的约束注水法,得出了最大化信道容量的闭式解,分析了影响信道容量的主要因素。仿真结果表明:4QAM调制方式对应的误码率最小。与已有注水法相比,所提功率分配算法的性能最优,当信噪比为40dB时,信道容量可达960Mbps,从而实现了电力信道传输速率的大幅升级。     

Fixed-Data-Rate Power Minimization Algorithm for OFDM-Based Power-Line Communication Networks

In this paper, we present a suboptimal integer bit allocation algorithm that minimizes power output for given user demands in multiuser orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems implemented in downlink transmission of power-line communication (PLC) networks. Assuming complete knowledge of a channel and the predetermined data rates for every user, the presented algorithm solves the power minimization problem analytically. The simulation results have shown significant advantages of this approach, especially in comparison with algorithms that deal with the problem of user data rate demands in an iterative manner. Compared to iterative algorithms, the proposed algorithm proves to be a much more effective solution regarding processing time and computational complexity. In addition, the losses in its power allocation efficiency due to its suboptimal approach remain very small in cases where the number of users does not exceed half the number of available subchannels.