一种新型的六位数字移相器的设计

针对传统的数字移相器插入损耗高和相位精度低等性能的不足,提出了一种新型的加匹配线的开关式移相器设计技术。包括固定长λ/2主线以及在主线边缘长λ/8的平行短路和开路短截线,克服了传统数字移相器设计中端口驻波比高,插入损耗大的缺点,而且在相位精度上也有提高。在设计中,用加匹配线的方法对45°,90°和180°移相器进行设计,并将相位为5.625°,11.25°,22.5°,45°,90°及180°6个二态移相器电路组合起来,构成六位数字式移相器,通过二进制代码控制各个PIN二极管,从而得到64个相移状态,实现了输出频率范围为400～450MHz的低插入损耗,高相移精度的六位数字移相器,通过实际测试得到整个六位数字移相器插入损耗低于5.3dB,相移精度小于3°,驻波比小于1.5的较好实验结果,具有比传统设计方法更优良性能。     

Power system security enhancement by OPF with phase shifter

This paper presents an integrated optimal power flow (OPF) with phase shifter approach to enhance power system security. The general OPF calculations are hourly based and the control variables of OPF are continuous. However, the calculations of phase shifter are daily based, and the variables related to phase shifter are discrete. Therefore, the general OPF cannot be directly used to solve this problem. The paper develops the rule-based OPF with phase shifter scheme to bridge the problems. In order to effectively alleviate the line overloads, the ranking of phase shifter locations is conducted based on contingency analysis and sensitivity analysis. The best phase shifter sites are identified and selected into a rule-based system accordingly. The handshaking procedure between the adjustment of the selected phase shifters and OPF calculation is proposed using a rule-based method. The hourly-based OPF problem is solved by the extended quadratic interior point method. The IEEE 30-bus system is used to test the proposed scheme     

基于多桥脉冲宽度调制(PWM)交流控制技术的静止移相器

介绍一种基于脉冲宽度调制（ＰＷＭ）交流控制技术的新型静 相器。对单桥ＰＷＭ移相器在１个开关周期中的３种工作模式进行了理论分析,推导了旁路电容及吸收电阻的参数设计公式;采用多桥叠加结构的交流控制器抑制大容量ＰＷＭ移相器的自身谐波发生量、降低装置开关频率及开关损耗;是出了多桥ＰＷＭ交流控制器的电压转移函数以及多桥移相器的线路注入电压表达式;通过计算机仿真分析及物理模型实验,验证了理论推导结果的正确性。     

铁氧体移相器差相移一致性浅析

以X波段背脊式非互易移相器为研究对象,从磁芯、应力、激励器等多方面对影响铁氧体移相器差相移一致性的因素进行了分析和讨论.为了使这种一致性达到要求,在移相器的设计、加工、装配等过程中,首先力求将各种不利因素的影响程度降到最低;然后采用数理统计等方法对同批移相器的差相移进行统计和分析,淘汰不合格品.     

A symmetric lattice-based wideband wide phase range digital phase shifter topology

In this paper, a novel digital phase shifter topology that achieves wideband and wide phase range is proposed. Wide frequency band operation is accomplished employing symmetrical all-pass lattice structures. Compact phase shifter size is obtained utilizing the miniaturized microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) design implementation technology. Therefore, resulting phase shifter units are suitable for various communication systems such as radar and cellular communication smart antenna arrays. This paper provides complete design equations together with design algorithm for the selected phase shift and the center frequency. Design algorithm is developed on MatLab environment. The proposed phase shifting circuit is implemented employing the commercially available 0.18-μm silicon CMOS technology. The new phase shifter topology provides 0⁰ to 360⁰ phase shift range over X-band, even beyond.     

Reflection-Type Ferroelectric Phase Shifter With Defected Ground Structure

In order to obtain a low-loss ferroelectric phase shifter, we were designed and fabricated the reflection-type ferroelectric phase shifter with the defected ground structure (DGS) resonators. The ferroelectric phase shifter is consisted of a 3-dB 90° branch-line hybrid coupler and terminated reflective circuit with tunable ferroelectric DGS resonator which can provide a high Q resonator characteristic at high frequencies. The design parameters of equivalent circuit for the tunable DGS resonator are derived by circuit analysis method and three-dimensional full wave finite element method. At 13.5 GHz, the fabricated phase shifter exhibited an insertion loss of better than 3.4 dB.     

A low-loss compact six-bit DMTL phase shifter for phased array antenna applications

A phase shifter is one of the main components of radars and phased array systems. In this paper, a novel three-state two-bridge unit cell is presented for a compact low-loss six-bit distributed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) transmission line (DMTL) phase shifter. The proposed unit cell includes a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line, a MEMS bridge on the signal line, two metal-air-metal (MAM) capacitors on a glass substrate, and two additional electrodes under the MEMS bridge, near the signal line. Using these electrodes, it is possible to generate two different phase states employing the MEMS bridge, and the third state is produced by a metal-air-metal (MAM) bridge. Hence, the designed structure can generate three different phase shifts per unit cell (i.e., 5.625°, 11.25°, and 22.5° phase shifts). The novelty of this design is that the number of unit cells is considerably reduced from 64 in a conventional six-bit phase shifter to only 17 in our design. Therefore, the total length of the six-bit phase shifter and average loss are considerably reduced. The designed structure is calculated and simulated at 32 GHz using MATLAB and ANSOFT HFSS, respectively. According to the calculation and simulation results, the lateral size of the phase shifter is only 8.5 mm, the root mean square (RMS) phase error is 1.38°, and the average loss is 1.1 dB. The feasibility of the proposed design is investigated using the proposed fabrication process. The designed phase shifter can be easily scaled to other frequencies for radar and satellite applications with more bits.     

可控移相器对系统不对称短路电流的影响研究

以可控移相器在电力系统中得到广泛应用为研究背景,以研究可控移相器接入系统后对不对称短路电流的影响为目标,提出了基于可控移相器的不对称短路电流实用计算方法。首先根据可控移相器的结构与原理建立其正序、负序以及零序模型。然后基于对称分量法建立含可控移相器系统的各序分量网络方程,进而提出含可控移相器系统的各类型不对称短路电流实用计算方法,并分析影响短路电流的因素。最后基于三机九节点系统,运用上述实用计算方法进行不对称短路电流计算,算例仿真结果表明该方法具备有效性。通过对比分析可知移相器的移相角和短路点位置是影响短路电流的因素,而影响情况需通过具体计算得出。     

一款高精度90°移相器实用电路的设计

用RC元件及相应电路设计低频固定频率90°±Δφ移相器是人们常用的方案,然而RC移相器元件的老化、环境(尤其是温度)的变化严重地影响了移相器的稳定性。本文采用了一系列措施:(1)选用低温度系数的精密阻容元件;(2)对阻容元件进行老化处理;(3)分别测量元件的温度系数;(4)用相反温度系数的阻容元件按一定的比例进行补偿等,使RC元件温度系数达到±1ppm/℃以内。对90°±Δφ移相器的温度试验表明,电路的温度系数达到2.88ppm/℃。文中还给出所选用的部分国内外RC元件实测的温度系数,对读者利用RC元件设计某些高稳定性电路(如HPF、BPF、LPF等)有重要的参考价值。     

RF MEMS移相器馈电网络的研究

提出一种RF MEMS移相器馈电结构的设计,在MEMS开关中加入MAM电容。MEMS移相器金属桥开关的馈电可以通过MAM电容,空气桥和偏置线来实现的。通过这种方法,不但实现了数字式控制,而且引入相对稳定的电容值,改善了开态和关态的电容比,提高了MEMS移相器的性能。     

利用移相器进行电力系统网损优化控制

提出了一种利用移相器进行电力系统网损化优化控制的统一方法，该方法可以统一优化系统中不同种类的多个移相器的参数以求实现网损最小化的目的。在参数优化过程中，该方法计及了线路潮流的约束和移相器参数约束。算例分析表明，此方法具有通用性强，使用方便的特点，是一种研究移相器及其潮流控制的有效工具。     

Power system stability enhancement using static phase shifter

The role of static phase shifters in improving power system stability is investigated. A new technique, based on the nonlinear variable structure control principle, is used to formulate a control algorithm for the static phase shifter. Parameter uncertainty has been considered in the proposed scheme. Computer simulations show that a static phase shifter with the new control scheme has produced significant improvement in power system performance     

Commutation Quality Factor as a Working Tool for Optimization of Microwave Ferroelectric Devices

The commutation quality factor (CQF) is suggested as a generalized criterion of the material tunability and its loss factor. The figure of merit of a switchable device is uniquely determined by the CQF. From this point of view the CQF is used as a working tool for optimization of the microwave devices. A comparison between analog and digital ferroelectric phase shifter was performed using the CQF as a criterion. Theoretically was predicted that a digital phase shifter based on lumped tunable ferroelectric capacitors can be designed with minimal achievable insertion loss. As an example, the 180 reflection type phase shifter is discussed.     

Stabilizing interconnected power systems using static phase shifters

This paper presents a digital simulation study of proposed thyristor controlled static phase shifter applications in steady state stability enhancement of interconnected power systems. Incorporation of a detailed linearized model of a static phase shifter into the dynamics of the interconnected power system facilitates the investigation of different control strategies for static phase shifters to damp the electromechanical and torsional oscillations.     

移相器在电压稳定危机中的作用

分析了电压稳定危机中,进行横向调节的移相器所能起的作用。潮流剧增时在可能率先跳闸的联络线上,动用移相器遏制潮流越限次对保障电压稳定性不致因负荷恶性转移、每相继退而遭到破坏,具有关键使用。     

A new approach for completing the phase shifter angle for load flow control in the network with multiple loops

A phase shifter has been used to control line flow. In the network with multiple loops, it is necessary to modify the angle of the phase shifter to reduce the flow on a certain line if it exceeds the limit. A new method to compute the value of the angle that is set to the phase shifter is proposed. The coefficient is computed by using two relations. No one is between the change of the lined flow on a certain line and modification of power injection and two notes. The other is between the change of the flow on a line in the change of the angle of a phase shifter. Then the phase angle is computed by multiplying the coefficient and the amount of flow on the line. The coefficients can be used for finding the locations where phase shifters will be placed in order to correct any overload that may occur at any line in the loops and can be used for computation of available transmission capacity. The validity of this method was shown by numerical examples using an IEEE 30 bus system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 147(3): 9–19, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10297     

铁氧体行波移相-馈电一体化网络的设计与分析

提出了在波导铁氧体移相器传输方向上加载定向耦合开槽以实现移相馈电一体化网络的设计思路.网络以铁氧体移相器实现对信号的相位控制,在铁氧体传输方向上加载多个耦合能力不同的定向耦合开槽以实现对信号的幅度控制.分析了该结构的设计原理,利用HFSS仿真软件对该结构进行仿真分析,并依据计算结果设计制作了样品,样品实测性能与理论计算较为吻合.     

Tunable Passive Integrated Circuits Using BST Thin Films

Preliminary results from our work on compact phase shifters using BaSrTiO 3 thin films are presented. A reflection phase shifter utilizing a lumped element resonator achieved 120 phase shift at 10GHz with m 3.3dB insertion loss. A synthetic transmission line true time delay phase shifter at 5GHz was able to achieve a phase shift of 60 with m 1.1dB insertion loss. These results were obtained in a process suitable for integration with conventional passive and hybrid circuit technologies.     

Microwave Tunable Components and Subsystems Based on Ferroelectrics: Physics and Principles of Design

The most promising microwave ferroelecric device is a ferroelectric phase shifter, aimed to be an element of a phased-array antenna. The following characteristics of the phase shifter are important: microwave insertion loss, range of operational temperatures, life time. Designing microwave tunable components is based on carefully developed models of ferroelectrics and appropriate software of the circuit design. The quality of a phase shifter is determined by the figure of merit ( F ) defined as a ratio phase shift/insertion loss and measured in deg/dB. For competitive applications one needs F = 200-300 deg/dB. An extended temperature range of operation is urgently required. There are the following ways of improvement of the ferroelectric phase shifters: i) utilizing an appropriate chemical compound of ferroelectric material, ii) developing the structure of the device, for example, the film with a variable composition factor, iii) application of the digital mode of operation.     

PNA矢网在DBF接收机测试中应用

DBF接收机是变频器件,而变频器件的测试一直以来都相对困难和复杂。本文首先介绍了PNA矢网主要特点,然后着重阐述如何利用件PNA提供精确的混频器测试能力,设计了一种新型的DBF接收机测试系统,解决了DBF接收机的测试效率和精度。应用证明,该测试系统通用性好,自动化程度高,满足多路DBF接收机测试要求。