静止同步补偿器多目标协调控制器的设计

指出了在ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ（ＳｔａｔｉｃＳｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓＣｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｏｒ,静止同步补偿器）控制器设计过程中面临的多控制目标协调问题。除了快速的电压支撑功能以外,ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ在电力系统中还应该起到提高暂态稳定极限,阻尼功率振荡等作用。本文从理论分析和数字仿真两方面分析了这些控制目标的矛盾并指出了在各种状态下ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ控制器设计的原则,即根据当前时刻系统的状态确定主要的控制目标。在不严重损害其它目标的实现的前提下尽可能提高该控制目标要求的性能。本文根据这些原则设计了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的协调控制器。数字仿真表明该方法可取得满意的控制效果。     

基于规则的STATCOM的控制器设计

了ＳＴＡＴ驿发电机同步及阻尼力矩系数的影响,指出并解释了在某些系统参数及运行条件下固定控制参数的ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ可能向系统提供零阻尼或负阻尼的现象,分析了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ电压控制与阻尼控制之间的矛盾。在理论分析的基础上,了基于规则的协调控制器,数字仿真结果表明该控制方法可在所有的运行条件下有效地提高系统稳定性。这是固定参数控制所无法做到的。     

系统电压畸变时STATCOM的运动性能研究

基于ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的标幺值数学模型,研究了系统电压畸变条件下ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的电压电流运行特性,讨论了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ谐波电压电流与装置主电路参数的关系,给出了ＬＣ谐波条件,理论分析结果得到了ＰＳＣＡＤ／ＥＭＴＤＣ数字仿真以及１０ｋｖａｒ ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ动模装置实验的双重验证。     

静止同步补偿器的标幺化模型及开环响应时间常数分析

静止同步补偿器（ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ）的标幺化建模是迄今为止国内外都没有得到解决的难题。作者在开发 同容量的ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ装置所积累的理论和工程经验的基础上,提出了一个真正标幺化意义上的ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ数学模型,并以此数学模型为基础,揭示了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ开环响应时间常数与装置主电路参数的相互关系。该模型为ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的各种稳态暂态性能分析及控制器参数设计提供了系统化方法。     

STATCOM提高系统暂态稳定及阻尼的动模实验研究

介绍了在清华大学±１０ｋｖａｒｓｔａｔｉｃ Ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓ Ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｏｒ（ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ） 动模装置上最新的实验结果。在系统发生故障时,ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 如何向系统贡献力量是本文主要研究的问题。从系统解列固然可以保护ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 自身安全,但却由于太长的恢复时间而丧失了其在系统最需要电压支持时可以快速吞吐无功的优点,并介绍了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 在异常工况下脉冲封锁、快速恢复技术的动模实验结果。在该技术的基础上,还报道了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 用以提高系统暂态稳定和增强系统阻尼的动模实验结果,证明了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 可提高输电系统传输容量极限,实验还验证了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ 电压控制与阻尼控制之间的矛盾     

新型同步补偿器直流侧储能电容值的选取方法

以新型同步补偿器ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ（Ｓｔａｔｉｃ Ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｈｏｕｓ Ｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｏｒ）在系统不对称情况下的数学模型为基础,详细分析了在系统不对称条件下直流侧储能电容器容量对ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ性能的影响。根据理论分析结果,给出了直流侧储能电容器容量的选取原则。按该原则设计的ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ,不但满足系统正常条件下的运行,而且还能大大提高ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ在系统不对称条件下的生存能力。通过计算机仿真和动     

STATCOM在系统不对称下的开关函数分析法

基于多重化逆变器ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的等效开关传递函数,详细分析和解释了ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ在系统不对称条件下的运行特点以及出现这种特点的原因,同时分析了装置参数对ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ的性能影响。分析结果与利用ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ在系统不对称下的数学模型分析的结论完全相同,且得到了仿真和实验结果的验证。这表明开关传递函数分析方法是一种简单、直观、物理概念清晰的有效方法。     

静止无功补偿器的非线性控制器的设计

文章针对静止同步补偿器面临的非线性,多目标控制问题,应用直接反馈线性化,同模控制和最优控制理论,并利用合成电势矢量法,设计了可以同时提高系统阻尼与电压控制精度的ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ非线性控制器。利用ＰＳＡＳＰ软件包对单机－无穷大系统进行的数字仿真表明,该控制器优于对常规ＰＩ控制器。     

STATCOM应用于2010年华中电网的初步研究

随着三峡电站投入运行,２０１０年时华中电网的暂态电压稳定问题越发严重。文中利用清华大学提供的静止补偿器（ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ）的数学模型,并采用中国电力科学研究院的电力系统综合分析程序,对ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ接入华中电网进行了技术可行性仿真研究。所得结论为ＳＴＡＴＣＯＭ在中国的产业化提供了可行性参考。     

用STATCOM改善系统电压调节特性的动模实验

Ｓ Ｔ Ａ Ｔ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 是重要的并联型 Ｆ Ａ Ｃ Ｔ Ｓ 设备,可有效地改善系统电压调节特性,抑制冲击负荷造成的电压波动。通过理论分析和在±１０ ｋａｖｒ Ｓ Ｔ Ａ Ｔ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 装置上的动态模拟实验,介绍了通过无功补偿维持负荷端电压的机理;报道了 Ｓ Ｔ Ａ Ｔ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 用于电压调节的动模实验结果。实验结果显示,无论是连续变化的负荷还是冲击负荷, Ｓ Ｔ Ａ Ｔ Ｃ Ｏ Ｍ 都可有效地维持负荷端的电压,从而达到改善供电质量的目的。     

Power injection model of STATCOM with control and operating limit for power flow and voltage stability analysis

This paper presents a power injection model (PIM) of STATCOM for power flow and voltage stability analysis. In this model, PWM control and phase control strategies of STATCOM are handled, and the operating limit is enforced. The NR formulation has the same structure before and after the limit enforcement, and the Jacobian matrix adds only one dimension. This model can also take into account the steady-state losses of STATCOM if desired, and hence more accurately predict the active and reactive power injections. The singular value decomposition (SVD) based method is then extended to study the effect of STATCOM on power systems voltage stability. IEEE 300-bus and 30-bus systems are used to verify the effectiveness and performance of this model and the effect of load changes at all the buses simultaneously on voltage stability has also been studied with the STATCOM.     

基于STATCOM/ESS的光伏低压穿越控制策略

为了提高光伏并网系统的低压穿越(Low Voltage Ride Through,LVRT)能力,将储能系统(Energy Storage System,ESS)和静止同步补偿器(Static Synchronous Compensator,STATCOM)组成新型功率补偿装置STATCOM/ESS引入光伏并网发电系统。当电网侧发生电压跌落时,STATCOM/ESS不但提供的无功功率可以支撑并网点电压,同时吸收多余的有功功率避免对光伏发电系统的危害,电压恢复后将储存的能量返送回电网,高效利用能源。为便于功率双向流动,STATCOM与ESS之间采用双有源主动桥(Dual Active Bridge,DAB)直流变换器连接。针对DAB变换器,提出一种改进的双移相控制策略,来减小DAB变换器的回流功率。仿真结果表明,提出的控制策略在一定范围内将回流功率限制为零,显著提升光伏并网系统的低压穿越能力,提高光伏并网系统的稳定性,具有良好的灵活性和优越性。     

Novel reactive power controllers for the STATCOM and SSSC

The paper investigates the dynamic operation of both static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) based on a new model comprising full 48-pulse GTO voltage source converter for combined reactive power compensation and voltage stabilization of the electric grid network. These key FACTS devices are power electronic GTO converters connected in parallel or series with the power system grid and are controlled by novel decoupled controllers. The complete digital simulation of the STATCOM and SSSC within the power system is performed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment using the power system blockset (PSB). The STATCOM scheme and the electric grid network are modeled by specific electric blocks from the power system blockset while the control system is modeled using Simulink. Two novel controllers for the STATCOM and SSSC are presented in this paper based on a decoupled current control strategy to ensure stable operation of the STATCOM under various load excursions. A novel control scheme for the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is also implemented to provide a full controllable series compensating (buck/boost) injected voltage over a specified capacitive and inductive range, independently of the magnitude of the transmission line current. The series reactive compensation scheme with an external dc power supply can also compensate for any voltage drops across resistive component of the transmission line impedance. The novel decoupled controller uses a phase locked loop (PLL) with a novel reduced inherent time delay to improve the transient performance of the SSSC. The performance of both STATCOM and SSSC schemes connected to the 230 kV grid are evaluated. The proposed novel control schemes for the STATCOM and SSSC are fully validated by digital simulation.     

基于PWM控制及相角控制的静止同步补偿器潮流模型及应用

提出了一种新的用于潮流及静态电压稳定分析的STATCOM模型.该模型可以考虑STATCOM功率损耗从而可以更准确的计算其有功及无功输出.通过引入两个增广的母线类型,实现了STATCOM的线性PWM控制及相角控制模式及其交流电流极限处理.给出了模型在牛顿潮流及连续潮流中的详细实现.通过IEEE-30及IEEE-300母线系统验证了该模型的有效性,并研究了STATCOM静态损耗、电流极限及控制模式对潮流解及静态电压稳定的影响.     

Optimal controllers designs for automatic reactive power control in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system

The paper presents the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based robust controllers for voltage deviations due to the variation of reactive power in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. The isolated wind-diesel system consists of wind energy conversion system (WECS) utilizing a permanent magnet induction generator (PMIG). Further, a synchronous generator (SG) is used with the diesel engine set for power generation. The mismatch between generated and consumed reactive power in the system causes voltage fluctuations, which will occur at generator terminals. These oscillations further causes reduction in the stability and quality of the power supply. The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) are used to suppress voltage fluctuations in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid power system. The STATCOM is used as a reactive power compensator and the AVR is used to keep the terminal voltage constant for the synchronous generator. Both STATCOM and AVR are having proportional and integral (PI) controllers with single input. In modeling for the system, a normalized co-prime factorization is applied to show the possible unstructured uncertainties in the power system such as variation of system parameters and generating and loading conditions. The performance and robust stability conditions of the control system are formulated as the optimization problem, which is based on the Hα loop shaping. BFOA and PSO algorithms are implemented to solve this optimization problem and to achieve PI control parameters of STATCOM and AVR simultaneously. In order to show the efficiency of the proposed controllers, the performance of the proposed controllers is compared with the performance of the conventional controller and genetic algorithm (GA) based PI controllers for the same wind-diesel system. The dynamic responses of the system for four different small-disturbance case studies has been carried out in MATLAB environment.     

Firefly Optimization Algorithm for the Reactive Power Control of an Isolated Wind-Diesel System

This paper investigates the application of firefly optimization algorithm to design an optimal control for voltage stability of a stand-alone hybrid renewable generation unit based on reactive power control. The studied renewable generation unit mainly consists of a permanent magnet induction generator driven by wind turbine and a synchronous generator driven by diesel engine. A STATCOM is used to stabilize the terminal load bus voltage via compensating of reactive power. The main control objective aims to stabilize the terminal load voltage against any disturbances in load reactive power and/or input wind power by adjusting the total system reactive power. This is accomplished by controlling STATCOM phase angle and hence to control the load bus voltage and also by controlling the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator. The proposed renewable energy power system based on the proposed optimal controller has been tested through step change in input wind power and load reactive power. The system performance based on the proposed control is compared with model predictive control, a robust H_∞ control, and a classical PI control.     

多级联H桥STATCOM在风电场中的应用

大规模风电场接入电网会对电网稳定性产生巨大影响,风电场出力变化会引起电网电压波动,严重时会导致系统电压崩溃.静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)可提供感性和容性无功功率,对改善风电场电压稳定具有重要作用.采用链式STATCOM作为风电场的无功补偿装置,针对链式结构直流侧电容电压不平衡问题采用了改进的直流侧电压平衡控制方法.最后,通过仿真结果验证了所采用链式STATCOM直流侧电压平衡控制策略正确可行,同时验证了STATCOM对风电场低电压穿越(LVRT)能力的改善.     

对比研究链式STATCOM与SVC对电网的暂态支撑能力

大型互联电网若缺乏充足的动态无功支撑将面临严重暂态电压失稳现象,在输电系统的关键位置安装快速可控的无功补偿装置将有效抑制这一现象.重点研究了电网故障下动态无功补偿装置SVC和链式STATCOM的暂态电压支撑能力以及暂稳极限提高能力.针对链式STATCOM的独特结构,提出了一种改进分相控制策略.基于Matlab/Simulink搭建了系统仿真模型,仿真结果证实故障下链式STATCOM的暂态电压支撑能力略高于SVC,暂稳极限提升能力明显优于SVC,同时验证了改进分相控制策略可确保不对称故障期间链式STATCOM对系统的暂态支撑作用正常发挥.     

STATCOM在江西电网中的应用仿真研究

针对江西电网暂态电压稳定性能差,无功补偿相对不足的现状,以吉安地区2005年网架结构为背景,将先进的静止同步补偿器STATCOM应用于该区电网,进行了大量仿真分析,并对STATCOM安装在不同地点时其作用效果的差异进行了详细的分析比较。仿真结果表明,将STATCOM应用于江西电网后,可极大地改善系统暂态电压稳定性能。所得结论为STATCOM在江西电网的推广应用提供了理论依据。