火电厂烟气中氮氧化物的控制与去除方法

介绍了火电厂烟气中氮氧化物生成途径。分析了氮氧化物流入空气给生态环境造成的污染。对比了目前氮氧化物几种去除技术和方法，并通过实际应用，重点讨论了行之有效的氮氧化物去除技术，即低氮氧化物燃烧技术。     

炉内空气分级低NO_x燃烧技术

通过对氮氧化物生成机理的分析,论述了降低氮氧化物生成的基本途径和炉内空气分级燃烧脱硝的基本原理。通过实例考察了火上风量、径向空气分布、炉内氧量、炉内负荷和三次风投停对氮氧化物排放量的影响,说明炉内空气分级燃烧技术是降低煤粉炉NOx排放量的有效方法。     

混煤燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成规律及其计算机模拟

电站燃煤生成排放的氮氧化物是造成大气污染的有害物质。本文结合目前电站燃用不同性能煤种的混煤这一新动向，研究了混煤燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成规律，提出了混煤氮氧化物形成的化学动力学模型，并将计算机模拟结果与实验实测值进行了比较、分析．为燃用混煤电站降低氮氧化物排放提供理论依据。     

燃煤电厂控制氮氧化物的原则性方法及燃烧优化技术

依据大量国内、外技术文献,简要回顾燃煤电厂氮氧化物的生成原理及其研究现状,从原理和应用的角度分析现有氮氧化物控制方法的特点和局限,包括降低火焰中心温度、缩短燃料在主燃区停留时间、添加还原剂及吸收吸附等方法;介绍基于建立氮氧化物生成及锅炉效率模型的多目标燃烧优化思路.     

燃煤电厂降低氮氧化物的燃烧技术

论述了洁净煤发电技术中降低氮氧化物排放的燃烧技术,详细地分析了氮氧化物(NOx)生成原理,讨论了抑制NOx生成的理论依据,并结合具体应用实例,介绍了常规燃煤电厂锅炉降低NOx 排放的燃烧技术措施。     

低氧燃烧技术在410t／h锅炉上的应用

燃烧过程中的过量空气是生成氮氧化物的重要条件之一,它与锅炉燃烧过程,燃料的燃烧效率等密切相关。因此,为达到最佳的燃烧效率,必须保持合理的过量空气。过量空气的存在是燃烧过程生成氮氧化物的条件。而燃烧的全过程又必须保持烟气中的过量氧存在。抑制氧与氮的结合,控制氮氧化物的生成,分级配风能达到整个燃烧区域的不均衡氧浓度燃烧过程,实现最大限度地限制氮氧化物生成和保证燃烧效率之目的。     

生物质燃烧中硫氧化物和氮氧化物生成机理研究

生物质直燃发电的规模化使生物质燃烧过程中产生的污染物问题受到越来越多的重视。硫氧化物和氮氧化物作为两种主要的大气污染物,严重危害自然环境。结合生物质中硫赋存形式,对温度、灰成分等条件对生物质燃烧过程中硫迁徙的影响以及生物质的自身固硫特性进行了研究。对于氮氧化物的生成,研究主要集中在热解过程氮氧化物前驱物(NH3、HCN、HNCO等)的生成上。结合生物质氮赋存形式,对温度、燃料种类、升温速率等条件对氮氧化物前驱物生成的影响,以及对挥发分燃烧过程中氮氧化物的生成机理进行了综述。     

燃煤电厂降低氮氧化物的燃烧技术

论述了洁净煤发电技术中降低氮氧化物排放的燃烧技术,详细地分析了氮氧化物(NOx)生成原理,讨论了抑制NOx生成的理论依据,并结合具体应用实例,介绍了常规燃煤电厂锅炉降低NOx排放的燃烧技术措施.     

大型电站锅炉NO_x排放的控制

通过分析氮氧化物(NO_x)的生成机理,讨论了控制NO_x生成的理论依据,并结合具体应用实例,介绍了大型电站锅炉降低NO_x排放的技术措施。     

大型电站锅炉NOx排放的控制

通过分析氮氧化物(NOx)的生成机理,讨论了控制NOx生成的理论依据,并结合具体应用实例,介绍了大型电站锅炉降低NOx排放的技术措施.     

Influence of the technique for injection of flue gas and the configuration of the swirl burner throat on combustion of gaseous fuel and formation of nitrogen oxides in the flame

How the points at which the flue gas was injected into the swirl burner and the design of the burner outlet influence the formation and development of the flame in the submerged space, as well as the formation of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products, have been studied. The object under numerical investigation is the flame of the GMVI combined (oil/gas) burner swirl burner fitted with a convergent, biconical, cylindrical, or divergent throat at the burner outlet with individual supply of the air and injection of the gaseous fuel through tubing. The burners of two designs were investigated; they differ by the absence or presence of an inlet for individual injection of the flue gas. A technique for numerical simulation of the flame based on the CFD methods widely used in research of this kind underlies the study. Based on the summarized results of the numerical simulation of the processes that occur in jet flows, the specific features of the aerodynamic pattern of the flame have been established. It is shown that the flame can be conventionally divided into several sections over its length in all investigations. The lengths of each of the sections, as well as the form of the fields of axial velocity, temperatures, concentrations of the fuel, oxygen, and carbon and nitrogen oxides, are different and determined by the design features of the burner, the flow rates of the agent, and the compositions of the latter in the burner ducts as well as the configuration of the burner throat and the temperature of the environment. To what degree the burner throat configuration and the techniques for injection of the flue gas at different ambient temperatures influence the formation of nitrogen oxides has been established. It is shown that the supply of the recirculation of flue gas into the fuel injection zone enables a considerable reduction in the formation of nitrogen oxides in the flame combustion products. It has been established that the locations of the zones of intensive fuel burnout and generation of nitrogen oxides do not coincide over the flame length, and the ambient temperature has a significant impact on the combustion stability at low values and on the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products at high values.     

Behavior of N/sub 2/ and nitrogen oxides in nonthermal plasma chemical processing of hazardous air pollutants

Nonthermal plasma chemical behavior of N/sub 2/-O/sub 2/ mixed gases and nitrogen oxides such as N/sub 2/O, NO, and NO/sub 2/ was investigated to obtain baseline information on the generation of active oxygen species and the formation of inorganic byproducts in the nonthermal plasma chemical processing of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) with a ferroelectric packed-bed reactor. Ozone concentrations were too low, even in air, to oxidatively decompose 300-1000 ppm of HAPs. The O/sub 2/ concentration in N/sub 2/-O/sub 2/ was the determining factor in the formation of all the nitrogen oxides. N/sub 2/O formation was enhanced with increases in O/sub 2/ concentration and in specific energy density, while a threshold value was observed at around 5% of O/sub 2/ concentration in the formation of NO and NO/sub 2/. Rate-suppressing effect by O/sub 2/, detailed byproduct analyses, and thermochemical data suggest that NO/sub x/ decomposes in its reactions with nitrogen atoms derived from N/sub 2/ dissociation, and that the unimolecular N-O cleavage predominantly occurs for N/sub 2/O. The behavior of nitrogen oxides and their precursors was not affected by hydrogen atoms evolved from hydrogen-rich HAPs such as ethylene and benzene. Halogenated HAPs enhanced NO/sub x/ formation and NO/sub 2/ selectivity. Different additive effects of chlorinated and brominated HAPs were observed in the formation of NO/sub x/ and N/sub 2/O, indicating the involvement of different active oxygen species.     

电站锅炉脱硝技术及其应用现状综述

介绍了电站锅炉烟气中氮氧化物的生成机理及降低Nq排放的几种方法,着重介绍低NO2燃烧技术和尾部烟气选择催化还原法（scR）脱硝技术,针对电厂脱硝实际情况,提出降低Nq的排放的建议。     

Mathematical simulation of the furnace and turning gas conduit of a P-50R boiler during joint combustion of solid and gaseous fuel

Results obtained from a detailed analysis of aerodynamics, combustion, heat transfer, and formation of nitrogen oxides in the furnace and turning gas conduit of a boiler during three-stage joint combustion of solid and gaseous fuel are presented. The analysis was carried out by numerically calculating spatial flows, heat-and-mass transfer, and chemical reactions in power installations.     

Generation and reduction of nitrogen oxides in firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed

The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced in the course of firing different kinds of fuel in a circulating fluidized bed are addressed. All experimental studies were carried by the authors on their own laboratory installations. To construct a model simulating the generation of nitrogen oxides, the fuel combustion process in a fluidized bed was subdivided into two stages: combustion of volatiles and combustion of coke residue. The processes through which nitrogen oxides are generated and reduced under the conditions of firing fuel with shortage of oxygen (which is one of efficient methods for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions in firing fuel in a fluidized bed) are considered.     

Latest rotary kiln burner technology: possibilities and experiences

The author describes the development of a rotary kiln burner for pulverized coal. A distinction is made between three generations of burners, with their typical design and process philosophies. Since environmental concerns led to considerable research on the mechanisms of the formation and behavior of nitrogen oxides in rotary kilns, the possibilities burners give for less NO_x formation are given special attention. Experience with the latest developments in burners is described, and recommendations are given for further improvements. The author concludes that the latest flame philosophy, producing a slim, slightly longer but concentrated flame without divergence, is the right way to reduce NO_x formation and gives the best process results     

Study of the possibility of thermal utilization of contaminated water in low-power boilers

The utilization of water contaminated with oil products is a topical problem for thermal power plants and boiler houses. It is reasonable to use special water treatment equipment only for large power engineering and industry facilities. Thermal utilization of contaminated water in boiler furnaces is proposed as an alternative version of its utilization. Since there are hot-water fire-tube boilers at many enterprises, it is necessary to study the possibility of thermal utilization of water contaminated with oil products in their furnaces. The object of this study is a KV-GM-2.0 boiler with a heating power of 2 MW. The pressurized burner developed at the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, National Research University, was used as a burner device for supplying liquid fuel. The computational investigations were performed on the basis of the computer simulation of processes of liquid fuel atomization, mixing, ignition, and burnout; in addition, the formation of nitrogen oxides was simulated on the basis of ANSYS Fluent computational dynamics software packages, taking into account radiative and convective heat transfer. Analysis of the results of numerical experiments on the combined supply of crude oil and water contaminated with oil products has shown that the thermal utilization of contaminated water in fire-tube boilers cannot be recommended. The main causes here are the impingement of oil droplets on the walls of the flame tube, as well as the delay in combustion and increased emissions of nitrogen oxides. The thermal utilization of contaminated water combined with diesel fuel can be arranged provided that the water consumption is not more than 3%; however, this increases the emission of nitrogen oxides. The further increase in contaminated water consumption will lead to the reduction of the reliability of the combustion process.     

奥里油燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理及控制技术

随着我国对盛产于北美委内瑞拉奥里油（Orimulsion）的大量进口及其广泛应用,奥里油燃烧过程中NOx的排放问题就显得越来越突出。为此,通过对奥里油特性及其在电厂中应用情况的介绍,分析了奥里油燃烧过程中NOx的形成机理和影响因素,并对燃烧粉煤、重油或奥里油时的NOx排放量进行了比较。同时对国外奥里油电站采取的NOx控制技术和经验作了介绍。为我国开展相关研究提供了借鉴。     

石油焦流化床燃烧过程铁金属脱硝的实验研究

在流化床内添加脱硝剂是降低氮氧化物排放的有效途径之一，该文对铁基脱硝剂进行了实验研究。在实验室规模流化床反应台架上，模拟流化床燃烧石油焦的气氛，研究了铁对氮氧化物排放的影响，并考察了流化床密相区中CO，石油焦焦炭，石灰石等对铁与氮氧化物之间的多相反应的影响。结果表明：Fe对NO有很强的还原作用；石油焦焦炭和CO对Fe与NO之间的多相反应具有很强的促进作用，可还原Fe的氧化物，延长Fe的作用时间；而石灰石对Fe与NO之间的多相反应几乎没有作用。在流化床燃石油焦过程中，Fe可有效降低NO的排放。     

300MW四角切圆煤粉锅炉燃烧和NO_x排放的数值模拟

运用国际上最先进的TASCFLOW软件平台与大型燃煤锅炉炉膛的数值模拟计算软件COALFIRE,对1台300MW四角切圆煤粉锅炉炉内流动、传热、燃烧及污染物的排放规律进行了数值模拟。结果表明:整个炉膛温度最高的地方出现在燃烧器区域;炉内各组分浓度分布与温度分布有密切的关系;炉膛出口氧量为6.4%左右;NOx的生成主要在炉膛的燃烧器区域,沿炉膛高度浓度逐渐减小。同时也得出了炉内壁面热负荷的分布规律。