虚拟电厂

当前，“虚拟电厂”一词高频率的见诸于报端。但很多人在对这种模式寄予厚望的同时，也对其的实施与普及提出了疑问：“虚拟电厂”作为一种解决局部电力紧缺的新思路是否具有普遍的可行性？     

虚拟电厂技术发展趋势

随着分布式能源的快速发展,电力系统发电侧呈现出分散式的发电模式,负荷侧由于电动汽车的快速推广使得系统负荷快速增加,但分布式发电及电动汽车、储能、可控负荷等分布式能源作为独立个体,规模小、布局分散,导致经济性不能得到保障,为此虚拟电厂的概念应运而生.本文全面分析了虚拟电厂的概念、作用、技术架构,并提出了虚拟电厂亟需解决的...     

基手虚拟DCS技术的电厂给水除氧系统建模与仿真

利用虚拟分散控制系统(DCS)技术建立新型电厂仿真系统,并结合给水除氧系统的仿真建模进行正常和故障工况的仿真验证。使用基于模块化的建模与图形组态方法,在基于虚拟DCS技术的新型分散式仿真机上建立了适于实时仿真而又满足精度要求的给水除氧系统仿真数学模型。在故障工况仿真中摒弃了以往只进行模块局部仿真或小系统仿真的作法,将故障置入正常运行的整个电厂仿真系统中,查看并分析相关参数变化趋势及影响。经运行测试,建立的模型算法合理,稳态工况参数误差满足要求,故障工况参数的动态特性符合现场实际,满足电厂运行、热工培训和反事故演练的要求。     

基于虚拟电厂技术的未来智能电网用户并网规则设计及仿真

未来智能电网用户不仅能够消费电能,还可以通过分布式能源并网出售电能。针对基于实时电价机制的未来智能电网,结合虚拟电厂技术,设计用户并网供电规则。考虑用户的多种博弈行为设计研究竞标策略,参考商业型和技术型虚拟电厂设计优化目标,建立了未来智能电网用户并网多目标优化模型。通过多起始点变邻域下降法与局部搜索相结合的优化算法,采用IEEE 118节点标准测试系统模拟区域电网进行仿真。数值仿真的计算结果验证了模型及算法的有效性。     

基于虚拟电厂的储能电站设计研究

随着能源危机和环境问题的日益突出,我国正在大力推进能源结构转型,构建新型电力系统。虚拟电厂可对分布式能源和可控负荷进行整合调控,是实现“源-网-荷-储”一体化和多能互补的重要手段之一。储能因其功率双向流动、响应调节速度快等特点,成为虚拟电厂不可或缺的组成部分,对于虚拟电厂内新能源消纳、参加电网辅助服务、提高电网运行安全水平等具有积极意义。目前已有学者针对虚拟电厂的运行机制和调度优化进行研究,对虚拟电厂中的储能容量配置进行优化。为此,首先介绍了以集中型储能为主的虚拟电厂模型,包括其组成结构和调度模型。然后,以实际工程为例,研究以虚拟电厂为背景的储能电站的集成设计,对其他储能工程的设计具有一定的参考意义。     

虚拟电厂：节电等同于发电

通常人们提到电厂，即联想到钢筋、水泥筑成的高大烟囱或水坝，即在真正意义上创造电力的工厂。     

基于区块链技术的虚拟电厂交易管理模式研究

以虚拟电厂技术促进清洁能源消纳是泛在电力物联网建设内容的重要组成部分.首先对虚拟电厂的基本概念进行了详细的介绍,其次从定义、数据结构、分类、共识机制以及智能合约方面对区块链技术进行了阐述.再次,对区块链技术与虚拟电厂相结合的适用性进行了详细的分析.在此基础上,建立了基于区块链技术的虚拟电厂商业运营架构和电力交易模式,设...     

基于虚拟电厂多元负荷调峰控制策略

不同时间尺度的负荷控制、不同故障场景、不同负荷控制类型对象的多样化导致对电网安全稳定特性产生了一定的影响甚至危及电能质量,不利于电网发展。基于此,先应用聚类分析方法分析多元负荷分类,再建立多元负荷设备统一数据模型,并以公共建筑用电质量分析统一数据模型为例,提出基于虚拟电厂多元负荷参与电力系统调峰策略,最后进行算例分析,最终全面系统地展示了基于虚拟电厂的多元负荷参与电力系统的改进方法和策略。     

基于图计算的虚拟电厂报价辅助决策系统

虚拟电厂是一个集分布式电源、储能设备、可控负荷、电动汽车等不同类型分布式能源为一体的综合能源服务商,也是一种新型的电力市场交易模式。文章基于电力市场的运行机制和竞价规则,设计了虚拟电厂报价辅助决策系统。该系统首先通过虚拟电厂实现风电、光伏等分布式电源,储能设备,电动汽车与负荷间协调耦合运行,建立了以运营利润最大化为目标的竞价决策模型。基于虚拟电厂的优化竞价策略,构建了一个基于图计算的考虑多虚拟电厂的电力市场模拟器,用于模拟各虚拟电厂的日前边际电价和调度计划。最后,算例分析通过比较不同类型虚拟电厂在日前电力市场模拟器中的分段竞标电价、竞标电量以及运营利润,验证了所建立模型的合理性以及有效性。     

一种考虑经济最优的虚拟电厂系统

大规模、高比例的分布式能源和储能接入电网,极大地增加了电网的运行风险.虚拟电厂能够整合各种分布式电源、负荷和储能资源,参与电力的供需调节.基于物联网的应用场景,开发了一套支持边缘计算的虚拟电厂系统,提出了一种考虑储能、光伏发电和浮动电价的经济最优化模型,并通过两个案例验证了解决方案的有效性.与传统的虚拟电厂系统相比,该解决方案具有即插即用物联网的特性,并支持接入外部市场数据,具有灵活的操作性和扩展性。     

基于先进虚拟DCS技术的火电厂仿真系统简介

介绍了仿真系统实现的3种方法和基于先进虚拟DCS技术的火电厂仿真系统;详细介绍了某仿真系统的实现方法、系统的硬件构成、系统功能,以及包括锅炉、汽机、电气等方面的仿真范围.     

火电厂经济性评价管理系统开发研究

对火电厂经济性评价的国内外应用现状进行了分析.在此基础上,研究了经济性评价的内容和方法.分析了火电厂经济性评价管理系统的结构.选配了系统的数据库系统和软硬件配置.开发了包括标准管理在内的功能.介绍了系统的特点.     

火电厂数据分析系统的开发与应用

开发了基于实时数据平台的火电厂数据分析系统,实时采集火电厂DCS、DEH和SCADA等系统中的数据,整合到实时数据平台中,其趋势分析、数据报表和数据管理等功能为火电厂基于实时数据的应用提供了支持.实际应用表明,该系统运行可靠、操作简单,满足了火电厂数据分析的基础需求,同时为高级应用模块提供了稳定的数据服务.     

Multi-scale simulation of multi-machine power systems

The proposed method enables the modeling and integration of synchronous machinery models in accurate and efficient simulation of power systems over diverse time scales that cover electromagnetic and electromechanical transients. The underlying models make use of frequency-adaptive simulation of transients (FAST) where analytic signals are used since they lend themselves to the shifting of the Fourier spectra. The shift frequency appears as a simulation parameter in addition to the time step size. When setting the shift to the common carrier frequency of either 50 or 60 Hz, the method emulates phasor-based simulation that is very suitable for extracting envelope information at relatively large time step sizes. At zero shifting, instantaneous values are being tracked. It is shown how this shifting plays a critical role in integrating synchronous machine models that are represented using the Park transformation with the network model. In a further step, it is illustrated how the modeling approach is modified if the Park transformation is not applied. For illustrative purposes, the integration is first validated for a single-machine-infinite-bus system. In a following multi-machine test case involving four machines in two areas, the added value of the proposed methodology becomes clear as both electromagnetic transients and electromechanical transients are emulated accurately and efficiently within one simulation run.     

Decision trees aided scheduling for firm power capacity provision by virtual power plants

The incorporation of Distributed Generation (DG) under the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept allows the market integration of several and largely dispersed electric power sources. One matter of concern for the VPP owner and operator is to follow the hourly schedule regardless of the stochastic nature of some of its sources or any unpredicted generation outages. This study presents a Decision Tree (DT) based methodology that prepares for the dispatching of power equivalent to the possible loss of the highest injection of one of the sources of the VPP (according to day-ahead hourly schedule) to the rest of its sources, on an hour-ahead horizon. This allows VPP operators to provide firm capacity and participate effectively in the energy market.     

发电厂IT系统信息集成的初步研究

文章认为发电厂IT系统的信息集成涉及许多异构的数据源,并且有不同程度的实时信息查询的需求.介绍了电厂IT系统的层次结构,及信息集成的5项关键技术.介绍了一套面向电厂IT系统信息集成的解决方案.     

含风电和电动汽车的VPP现货市场投标鲁棒优化模型

当风力发电商(WPG)和电动汽车(EV)聚合商组成的虚拟电场(VPP)参与市场投标时,风电出力的不确定性、预测出力偏差以及市场价格的波动性,都是VPP在参与市场投标时需要考虑的因素。在计及上述因素的影响下,文中研究了由WPG和EV聚合商组成的VPP在日前市场和实时市场的联合竞价模型:假定VPP是价格的接受者,综合考虑日前和实时价格的不确定性,在日前市场中根据风电出力和市场价格的预测结果进行日前竞价,然后在实时市场上参与实时竞价。VPP不但可以通过EV充放电平抑WPG投标偏差,还可以根据价格信号进行充放电投标,实现削峰填谷。通过引入偏差考核机制,在日前和实时市场结束后进行统一结算。基于合作博弈理论,利用Shapley值法将总收益在WPG和EV之间根据各自的贡献进行合理分配。最后,通过算例验证了模型的可行性和有效性,结果表明VPP参与日前和实时市场可以增加收益,降低出力和价格不确定性带来的风险,为新能源参与现货市场的建设提供参考。     

Development of an on-line stabilization method for local power systems with large-capacity generation plants

This paper presents an on-line stabilization control method developed with the aim of maintaining transient stability in a local power system which includes large-capacity generation plants. The characteristics of this method are that the power/angle curve is estimated from the on line active and reactive power measured at the generator terminal, and the optimum generation shedding for stabilization is determined by applying the equal area method to this curve. Simulation tests using detailed models of the power system confirmed that the optimum generation shedding for stabilization could be computed for various fault conditions, both symmetrical or asymmetrical. It was also determined that the on-line data could be sampled for several tens of milliseconds after clearing the fault. Thus, this method provides effective control logic for practical stabilizing systems.     

Optimal scheduling strategy for virtual power plants based on credibility theory

The virtual power plant (VPP) is a new and efficient solution to manage the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the power system. Considering the unpredictable output of stochastic DERs, conventional scheduling strategies always set plenty of reserve aside in order to guarantee the reliability of operation, which is too conservative to gain more benefits. Thus, it is significant to research the scheduling strategies of VPPs, which can coordinate the risks and benefits of VPP operation. This paper presents a fuzzy chance-constrained scheduling model which utilizes fuzzy variables to describe uncertain features of distributed generators (DGs). Based on credibility theory, the concept of the confidence level is introduced to quantify the feasibility of the conditions, which reflects the risk tolerance of VPP operation. By transforming the fuzzy chance constraints into their equivalent forms, traditional optimization algorithms can be used to solve the optimal scheduling problem. An IEEE 6-nodesystem is employed to prove the feasibility of the proposed scheduling model. Case studies demonstrate that the fuzzy chance strategy is superior to conservative scheduling strategies in realizing the right balance between risks and benefits.