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1.
电力市场中的备用问题   总被引:22,自引:6,他引:16  
备用是辅助服务的主要组成部分,关系到电力系统的安全运行和可靠性,是电力市场重要的特征之一。文中在总结该领域主要研究内容的基础上,讨论了备用的各种分类方法、备用在电力市场中分类的趋势以及备用与可靠性的关系,并进一步介绍了与备用密切相关的可靠性指标的计算方法;备用的成本效益分析,包括成本效益计算思路和相关参数的获取;备用市场的运营、市场力的评估等当前研究相对深入的问题,并对一种特殊备用——可中断负荷,从可中断的容量、价格、时机等方面进行了综述。最后,提出该领域中急需研究的问题。  相似文献   

2.
在电力市场和有功备用辅助服务市场中,AGC服务、旋转备用和有功电量具有较强的耦合性,即AGC容量和旋转备用容量直接关系到电量市场波动,故电量、AGC和旋转备用统一决策是辅助服务中的一项重要内容。首先研究了电量、AGC和旋转备用联合优化的可行性,说明了该优化方式和现行市场运营模式相适应。建立了以社会效益最大化为目标的最优备用数学模型,考虑到备用约束,机组爬坡速率以及系统安全性约束,运用自适应免疫遗传算法求解模型。对电力系统进行仿真计算,验证了该模型是兼顾经济性和可靠性的最优电量、AGC和旋转备用的获取方案,为所倡导的电量市场和有功备用辅助服务市场联营机制的设计和优化提供了借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
在计划管理体制下,发电企业所提供的备用服务是无偿的;在较完善的电力市场机制下,则要通过科学、合理的备用服务定价来调动发电企业提供备用服务的积极性。该文提出一种新的基于备用容量成本和效益评估的备用服务定价方法——备用服务Aumann-Shapley定价法。该方法对电能量和备用服务的共有成本和效益进行基于Aumann- Shapley值的分配,并在此基础上,确定竞争性的电能量市场环境下的备用服务价格,建立计及备用服务Aumann- Shapley价格的电能量市场和备用市场联合优化模型,同时分析了备用服务Aumann-Shapley价格对发电商竞争策略的影响。备用服务的Aumann-Shapley定价方法与我国现行的电力市场模式相适应,并为制定电力市场环境下的辅助服务定价机制提供了一种新思路。  相似文献   

4.
在能量市场和备用市场同时开放的电力市场中,对发电商而言,最关键的问题是针对本公司的情况,根据市场信息,寻求一种优化两市场发电容量分配的售电策略,使得发电商在最小的风险下获得最大收益.文中引入了经济学中效用和风险管理的概念,分别用均值和方差来衡量发电商的收益和风险,对这一问题进行了建模和讨论,研究了发电商在能量市场和备用市场中的发电容量优化分配问题,给出了问题的解析解,并用实例进行了论证.研究结果不仅可供发电商在分配不同市场的发电量时参考,也为发电商进一步构造投标曲线打下了基础.  相似文献   

5.
为缓解系统中有限装机容量与一定的备用容量要求之间的矛盾,根据电力用户可以采取积极措施主动进行负荷管理而为系统提供备用容量的思想,提出一种基于最优潮流的能量和备用容量市场联合优化模型;研究在双侧开放的电力市场环境中,用户主动参与备用容量服务对市场运营效益的影响。IEEE 30节点系统算例表明,用户进入旋转备用容量市场,成为系统备用容量的新供应者,可使全系统的运营效益有较大提高,减少了系统备用容量购买支出,降低了各节点上的电价水平和系统备用价格。  相似文献   

6.
现阶段南方区域仍按“两个细则”管理电力备用,其备用品种、价格机制、结算机制及备用资源的分配方式均有不尽合理之处,亟须建设南方(以广东起步)电力备用市场,完善南方区域电力市场体系。通过对国外电力备用市场机制和南方区域备用管理现状问题的分析,提出了适应南方区域电力市场发展现状的电力备用市场机制,对备用市场出清模型进行了探究,并通过算例对不同模式下的备用市场建模和出清结果进行了分析,结果表明,在报量报价和报量不报价的备用市场模式下,备用出清价格都已包含机会成本,可实现备用中标容量的机会成本补偿,备用与电能量市场联合优化机制可确保参与备用市场的机组收益不低于只参与电能量的情形,对机组积极参与备用市场起到了正向激励作用。  相似文献   

7.
现阶段南方区域仍按“两个细则”管理电力备用,其备用品种、价格机制、结算机制及备用资源的分配方式均有不尽合理之处,亟须建设南方(以广东起步)电力备用市场,完善南方区域电力市场体系。通过对国外电力备用市场机制和南方区域备用管理现状问题的分析,提出了适应南方区域电力市场发展现状的电力备用市场机制,对备用市场出清模型进行了探究,并通过算例对不同模式下的备用市场建模和出清结果进行了分析,结果表明,在报量报价和报量不报价的备用市场模式下,备用出清价格都已包含机会成本,可实现备用中标容量的机会成本补偿,备用与电能量市场联合优化机制可确保参与备用市场的机组收益不低于只参与电能量的情形,对机组积极参与备用市场起到了正向激励作用。  相似文献   

8.
为解决电力现货市场与辅助服务市场改革不断深入带来的日前调度计划编制模式转变问题,提出了一种考虑电能与备用辅助服务联合出清的日前调度优化方法。首先,剖析了电能与备用辅助服务之间的耦合关系,从机组运行特性和电网承载能力两个维度出发,明确了电能与备用联合出清中需要考虑的运行约束项。接着,以综合购电成本最低为优化目标,全面考虑电网运行、电力平衡、机组运行等三方面约束条件,构建了电能与备用辅助服务联合出清下的日前调度优化模型。并根据模型特点,明确了求解方法。最后基于我国某省区电网实际数据构造的算例表明,该方法能够有效提升发电资源调用效率,避免由于备用均摊等方式造成的发电机组中标量超过系统承载能力或发电机组发电能力的问题。  相似文献   

9.
为完善电力市场运营机制,挖掘不同类别虚拟电厂各自的优势,提出了一种虚拟电厂介入的配电侧市场出清策略。文中首先对虚拟电厂参与配电侧市场的商业运营模式和组织方法进行探讨,进而提出了一种考虑多种电力市场产品耦合关系的配电侧市场联合出清模型并推导了相应定价方法,所涉及的电力市场产品包括有功功率、无功功率、旋转备用、调频容量和调频里程。中国中山25节点实际配电系统和Matpower 141节点标准配电系统的案例仿真结果表明,所提配电侧市场方法具有高求解效率和普遍适用性。  相似文献   

10.
针对电力市场环境下,应该采用何种方式确定和获取所需要的备用容量这个有普遍争议的问题,提出了集中优化方法和应用保险理论的优化方法。集中优化方法是以从发电公司购买成本和用户停电损失之和最小化为目标,通过集中方式确定所需的总的运行备用容量及其价格并在相关的发电公司间分配这些容量的方法。应用保险理论的分散优化方法是用户通过购买保险,把停电可能引起的损失转移给独立调度机构(ISo),从而引导ISO对备用容量进行有效的管理;同时,当发电公司没有投入所成交的备用容量时,IsO会对其进行高昂的惩罚,从而激励发电公司很好地履行合同职责。文中先导出了与备用容量相关的各个发电公司的成本函数和用户的效用函数,然后给出了相应的分散优化和集中优化的数学模型,以及求解算法,证明了在完全竞争的市场中分散优化方法可以得到和集中优化方法相同的最优解,即最大化社会福利。最后以有14个发电公司参与的模拟电力市场为例进行了仿真计算,说明所提出方法的基本特征。  相似文献   

11.
The primary goal of this work is to investigate the basic energy and reserve dispatch optimization (cooptimization) in the setting of a pool-based market. Of particular interest is the modeling of lost opportunity cost introduced by reserve allocation. The authors derive the marginal costs of energy and reserves under a variety of market designs. They also analyze existence, algorithm, and multiplicity of optimal solutions. The results of this study are used to support the reserve market design and implementation in ISO New England control area.  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, a new formulation for clearing reserve market in a deregulated environment with separated energy and reserve market is introduced. In the proposed method, reserve market is cleared such that the costs associated with capacity reservation, producing energy in real-time, opportunity cost of those units which are accepted in the energy market and backed down from the accepted values to participate in the reserve market are minimized. This optimization problem is formulated and solved using linear programming method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a six units test system to examine the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.  相似文献   

13.
A novel pool-based market-clearing algorithm for spinning reserve (SR) procurement and the cost allocation associated with provision of spinning reserve among customers (DisCos) is developed in this paper. Rational buyer market model is used to clear energy and spinning reserve markets in the proposed algorithm. This market model gives DisCos the opportunity to declare their own energy requirement together with their desired reliability levels to the ISO and also they can participate in the SR market as a interruptible load. The DisCos’ desired reliability levels are selected from a hybrid deterministic/probabilistic framework designated as the system well-being model. Using the demand of each DisCo and its associated desired reliability level, the overall desired system reliability level is determined. The market operator then purchases spinning reserve commodity from the associated market such that the overall desired system reliability level is satisfied. A methodology is developed in this paper to fairly allocate the cost associated with providing spinning reserve among DisCos based on their demands and desired reliability levels. An algorithm is also presented in this paper for implementing the proposed approach. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is examined using the IEEE-RTS.  相似文献   

14.
This paper discusses an alternative to the ex post pricing model currently under development within ISO New England's (ISO NE) ancillary service market. Since ISO NE's real-time ancillary service market co-optimizes both energy and reserve products, ex post pricing is needed for both energy and reserve. A co-optimization approach for ex post pricing requires defining complex pricing rules and implementing heuristics to ensure consistent binding constraints with the ex ante dispatch. In order to avoid complexity and uncertainty of required heuristics, a new ex post pricing schema is proposed to calculate the ex post energy and reserve prices in a decoupled way while recognizing the coupling effect of energy and reserve. In the proposed approach, ex post energy prices are first computed by incorporating the ex ante marginal opportunity cost of reserve in the energy offer; the ex post reserve prices are then calculated by considering the ex post marginal opportunity cost of energy. This approach simplifies the implementation of ex post pricing rules in the ISO NE market. Numerical examples are presented to further demonstrate the validity of this approach  相似文献   

15.
Ancillary service markets are a very important part of the standard market design and are under development or implementation on a centralized basis in major U.S. electricity markets. This paper presents the market clearing framework for the co-optimized real-time energy-reserve market that has been developed and implemented in the ISO New England (ISO NE). In this co-optimized market clearing model, reserve products are procured on a zonal basis to satisfy the first and the second contingency protection criteria required by the ISO NE's real-time operations for both the entire area and typical import-constrained areas. The proposed zonal reserve model is derived from simulating each contingency event in the predefined reserve zones. Differing from standard industrial practices, the proposed zonal reserve model recognizes reserve deliverability for nested reserve zones and allocates the zonal total transfer capability between energy and reserves in an economic way. Numerical examples for a two-zone system are presented to demonstrate the validity of this modeling technique.  相似文献   

16.
This paper presents an optimal bidding strategy for price-taker generation companies (GenCos), which participate in a day-ahead joint energy and reserve market. Moreover, this problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer Quadratic Constrained Program (MIQCP) to maximize the profit. Also, the price uncertainties of energy and reserve markets prices have direct impacts on the expected profit and bidding curves. This optimization problem is modeled with utilization of information gap decision theory (IGDT) for optimizing robustness to failure—or opportunity to windfall—under uncertainty conditions. IGDT assesses the robustness/opportunity of bidding strategy in the face of price uncertainties to determine whether a decision is risk-averse or risk-taking. Correlations among the prices of energy and reserve markets are properly modeled based on the concept of weighted average squared error using a variance–covariance matrix. It is shown that the risk-averse decisions, as well as risk-taking decisions, will affect both expected profit and bidding curves. The proposed method is verified in simulation studies on a GenCo comprising 5-unit thermal that participates in a day-ahead joint energy and reserve markets. Also, the proposed model is applied to a 54-unit thermal GenCo of IEEE-118 bus to validate the computational effectiveness of the proposed model in large system.  相似文献   

17.
In this paper, a model for oligopolistic competition in electricity markets is presented. Most previous proposed models have been static and focused only on the energy market incentives for strategic behavior. In contrast, in this paper, a multiperiod market for energy and spinning reserve (SR) is considered. By including such factors, the competition among participants is modeled with more realism. Competition in the energy market is modeled by means of conjectured supply functions, while conjectured reserve-price response functions are used to consider the generators' ability to alter the SR prices. The resulting equilibrium problem is modeled in terms of complementarity conditions. Based upon a complementarity model, the opportunity cost between the energy and SR markets is derived for oligopolistic markets. The proposed model is illustrated by a six-node network using a dc approximation.  相似文献   

18.
基于实用动态安全域的电力系统安全成本优化   总被引:14,自引:7,他引:14  
基于实用动态安全域(PDSR)提出一种电力市场环境下的电力系统安全成本优化(最优安全控制)模型及算法。该模型计及了暂态稳定性约束、事故发生概率及系统失稳损失。独立系统运行员(ISO)依该模型能确定安全成本最低的系统安全水平,即确定系统安全性和经济性的平衡点。安全成本由备用成本、再调度成本和期望失稳损失组成。而且所提算法计算速度快、易于实现。另外,该文提出的模型及算法也可方便的应用于传统垂直统一管理模式下的电力系统,只要分别用发电机备用成本曲线和边际成本曲线替换发电商向ISO呈报的备用容量价格曲线和再调度功率价格曲线即可。最后以新英格兰10机39节点系统为例,检验了所提模型的合理性及算法的可行性。  相似文献   

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