改进型永磁同步电机有限控制集模型预测速度控制

永磁同步电机传统有限集模型预测速度控制策略中电压矢量方向固定，可选矢量范围具有一定局限性，输出电压的突然变化，会导致电流纹波较大。因此，提出了一种基于电压细分的有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)直接速度控制策略。所提策略在FCS-MPC方案中引入了一组具有可调振幅和可移动原点特征的有限电压细分矢量作为候选电压，同时为了获得更准确的电流预测，使用了双线性变换(即Tustin变换)积分近似。该控制器能够预测未来电流和速度，并使用脉宽调制输出最佳细分电压。采用两电平三相逆变器驱动的永磁同步电机进行仿真验证结果表明，与传统的FCS-MPC方案相比，所提策略有效地减小了电流纹波，拓宽了电压矢量选择的范围，同时提高了电机鲁棒性。     

LC滤波型逆变器并网电压鲁棒预测控制

近年来,模型预测控制被广泛应用于两电平电压源逆变器以实现并网控制。然而,常规有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)存在参数失配时预测精度下降的问题。为此,提出一种适用于LC滤波型逆变器并网电压鲁棒预测控制的无参数FCS-MPC方法。首先分析了参数变化对常规LC滤波型逆变器并网电压预测控制的影响。然后基于超局部建模理论建立了LC滤波型并网逆变器的二阶超局部模型,并研究了2个集总扰动的计算方法。该计算方法省去了网侧电流传感器,节约了成本,并实现了无参数预测控制。实验结果表明,与常规FCS-MPC方法相比,在参数不匹配的情况下,所提无参数FCS-MPC方法仍能达到较好的模型预测控制性能,验证了所提方法的有效性。     

三相并网逆变器事件触发有限集模型预测控制

针对三相并网逆变器采用有限控制集模型预测控制FCS-MPC(finite control set model predictive control)时计算量大的问题,研究了一种事件触发有限控制集模型预测控制ET-FCS-MPC(event-triggered finite control set model predi...     

三电平三相逆变器快速有限控制集模型预测控制方法

针对有限控制集模型预测控制方法在多电平多相逆变器中预测模型和目标函数在线计算量大的不足,提出一种快速有限控制集模型预测控制方法。该方法根据参考矢量的空间位置,让远离参考矢量的电压矢量不参与预测模型在线计算和目标函数在线评估。对于三电平三相逆变器,快速有限控制集模型预测控制方法使参与计算的电压矢量由27个减少到12个,大大提高计算效率。最后,建立起5 k W二极管钳位型三电平三相逆变器实验平台。对于传统有限控制集模型预测控制和快速有限控制集模型预测控制进行对比稳态和动态实验。实验结果表明:所提出快速有限控制集模型预测控制方法使系统具有良好的静、动态性能。     

异步电机模型预测三电平直接电流控制

三电平逆变器为控制系统提供了更多的电压矢量,相对于传统两电平逆变器能够使得直接电流跟踪控制变得更加精确,能进一步减小电流纹波。但是三电平逆变器存在中点电压平衡问题,如果不对中点电压进行控制会使得电机无法正常工作,同时在大容量三电平逆变器中一般需要其降低开关频率。因此,提出一种具有中点电压平衡和降低开关频率功能的模型预测直接电流控制方案:通过对中点电压进行预测控制,在模型预测直接电流控制的价值函数中加入开关切换次数的约束,能将中点电压有效控制在给定的范围内,并同时实现逆变器开关频率的降低;针对控制延时导致定子电流在参考值附近振荡并增加电流纹波和转矩脉动,采用延时补偿提高控制系统性能。仿真和实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

七相逆变器有限控制集模型预测控制技术研究

为得到七相变频调速系统电流控制的良好动静态性能,将有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)策略应用到七相电压源型逆变器的电流控制中。七相电压源型逆变器具有128个空间矢量,其中包含126个非零矢量和2个零矢量,在每个采样周期内,选择几组特殊的空间矢量,并对这些空间矢量进行在线评估,采用使目标函数最小的空间矢量作为下一个周期施加的矢量。此控制策略简单,具有较好的动静态性能,谐波消除明显。以DSP芯片TM320F28335为处理器,搭建七相逆变器阻感负载实验平台,进行相关实验,进一步研究目标函数、空间矢量数目以及采样时间等因素对控制性能的影响。研究结果证明了控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

Provision of Balanced Voltages Under Severe Unbalanced Load Currents in a Microgrid Using a 3D-SVM Technique

Abstract

The current source inverter (CSI) is more suitable for use in photovoltaic applications than the voltage source inverter (VSI), but this structure has two main constrains: inability to feed unbalanced load and high common mode voltage (CMV). Despite the merits, use of CSI is limited due to these constrains. A three-phase CSI with a neutral-leg is presented in this paper, compared to the conventional three-phase CSI to overcome mentioned limitations, in which load unbalance under a PV system is dealt in a microgrid. An innovative three-dimensional space vector modulation (3D-SVM) is suggested for the four-leg CSI inverter. This novel 3D-SVM technique is very simple compared to the existing methods and computational complexity is too low. Operating principles, equivalent circuit and SVM is discussed for the four-leg inverter. Then, a balancing technique is applied to the four-leg inverter using the developed 3D-SVM, where simulations validate the capability of the inverter in supplying balanced load voltages; 4-leg inverter generates balanced sinusoidal voltages even under severe unbalanced load current.     

三相四开关容错逆变器的PMSM驱动系统FCS-MPC策略

针对三相四开关容错逆变器的永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统,基于模型参考自适应(MRAS)观测器,提出一种有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)策略。考虑温度变化对永磁磁链影响,采用MRAS技术,实现了对永磁磁链的在线辨识;同时考虑降低逆变器开关频率的需求,设计开关频率可优化的FCS-MPC系统目标函数。与常规FCS-MPC方法比较,本方法可以有效减小系统控制过程的计算量,与此同时,本方法中的电流反馈特性可对四开关逆变器直流母线电容分压不平衡形成的不利影响实现自动抑制。仿真结果表明,本方法能够保证四开关容错逆变器驱动的PMSM系统持续稳定运行、具有良好运行性能,并能明显降低逆变器功率管的开关频率。     

弱电网条件下提升LCL型逆变器稳定性的控制策略

弱电网条件下,由于逆变器并网阻抗与电网阻抗之间不匹配程度增加,导致并网逆变器可能失稳.为提高逆变器的稳定性,提出一种可提高系统相角裕度的新型控制方式.根据逆变器的分层控制结构,分别在控制层的电流内环引入带有延时补偿的有限集模型预测控制,在电压外环引入逆模型前馈控制,通过这2种控制的引入降低了系统控制环路的阶数,提高逆变...     

开关点预置的四桥臂三相逆变器

提出以四桥臂三相逆变器作为变速恒频电源变换器的主电路拓扑,省去了三相三桥臂逆变器中所需的中点形成变压器,减小了变换器的体积和重量。在三相三桥臂采用的开关点预置最优正弦脉宽调制(sine pulse width modulation,SPWM)控制方案的基础上,提出了适用于四桥臂三相逆变的开关点预置最优SPWM控制方案：ABC三桥臂的开关角预置仅消除不含零序谐波的低次奇次谐波,通过对N桥臂的预置来抵消前三桥臂所含的低次零序谐波。并在主电路中引入中线电感,减小了第四桥臂的开关电流。仿真和实验结果表明：该变换器不仅具有开关频率低,输出总谐波含量小以及直流电压利用率高的优点,且在不平衡负载时有较好的输出电压对称性。     

基于滑模控制的TPESFTI驱动DFIG系统FCS-MPC

针对双馈异步风力发电机(DFIG)系统中机侧PNC型三电平逆变器的某桥臂发生故障时,提出了一种三相八开关容错逆变器(TPESFTI)控制策略,并给出了其拓扑结构和输出电压模型;考虑TPESFTI中母线电压分压不均衡等问题,研究分析直流侧电容电压不平衡的原因,给出了其相应的不平衡电压动态模型,并利用有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)中目标函数的非线性约束项来抑制母线电容分压不均衡对系统的不利影响;同时为了提高FCS-MPC策略的性能,提出了基于滑模控制的FCS-MPC策略。仿真结果表明,该方法不仅能够确保DFIG系统稳定运行,并且能对母线电容电压不平衡进行有效抑制,同时具有良好的动态性能和较强的抗负载能力,进一步验证该控制策略的可靠性和有效性。     

High performance decoupled active and reactive power control for three-phase grid-tied inverters using model predictive control

Finite control set-model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is employed in this paper to control the operation of a three-phase grid-connected string inverter based on a direct PQ control scheme. The main objective is to achieve high-performance decoupled control of the active and reactive powers injected to the grid from distributed energy resources (DER). The FCS-MPC scheme instantaneously searches for and applies the optimum inverter switching state that can achieve certain goals, such as minimum deviation between reference and actual power; so that both power components (P and Q) are well controlled to their reference values. In addition, an effective method to attenuate undesired cross coupling between the P and Q control loops, which occurs only during transient operation, is investigated. The proposed method is based on the variation of the weight factors of the terms of the FCS-MPC cost function, so a higher weight factor is assigned to the cost function term that is exposed to greater disturbance. Empirical formulae of optimum weight factors as functions of the reference active and reactive power signals are proposed and mathematically derived. The investigated FCS-MPC control scheme is incorporated with the LVRT function to support the grid voltage in fulfilling and accomplishing the up-to-date grid codes. The LVRT algorithm is based on a modification of the references of active and reactive powers as functions of the instantaneous grid voltage such that suitable values of P and Q are injected to the grid during voltage sag. The performance of the elaborated FCS-MPC PQ scheme is studied under various operating scenarios, including steady-state and transient conditions. Results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme with regard to the achievement of high-performance operation and quick response of grid-tied inverters during normal and fault modes.     

新型逆变电路有限控制集模型预测控制

针对传统开关函数模型只能描述电路的控制变迁而忽略了电路的条件变迁这一不足,建立了一种新型逆变电路更为精确的混合逻辑动态(mixed logical dynamical,MLD)模型,并将其作为预测模型,研究了航空新型电路的有限控制集模型预测控制(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)。FCS-MPC充分利用电路的离散特性,通过比较预测电压值和参考电压值的大小,将其差值作为衡量输入量的目标函数,最后选择电路控制集中使目标函数值最小的开关状态作为电路的控制输入,有效地解决了模型预测控制中混合整数二次规划(mixed integer quadratic programming,MIQP)问题的求解。仿真和实验验证了该控制方法具有良好动静态特性,证实了所提方法的有效性。     

基于多变量校正的MMC快速有限集模型预测控制策略

有限集模型预测控制方法(finite control set model predictive control, FCS-MPC)因其能够实现多目标的控制,在模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter, MMC)中得到广泛应用。随着子模块数量增加,模型预测控制方法计算量呈指数增长,面临计算复杂度高、权重因子难以整定等问题。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于多变量校正控制集的MMC模型预测控制策略(multi-variate adjusting set predictive control, MAS-MPC)。该策略基于输出电流与桥臂电压差对子模块投入控制集进行快速校正,通过评估两个成本函数得到最优开关矢量。此外,提出了一种基于分化中项的电容电压平衡方案,可以有效降低排序算法的复杂度。为了验证所提策略的有效性,使用Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建了10电平的三相MMC系统,并与传统方案进行比较。所提方案在降低输出电流与环流的谐波含量的同时,大幅减少了系统的计算量,使得系统具有更快速的动态响应速度。     

High Performance Modified Model Predictive Control of a Voltage Source Inverter

This paper proposes a modified model predictive control (MMPC) method for a two-level voltage source inverter (VSI) by applying ‘Midpoint Euler's Approximation’ technique to achieve a high performance. Therefore, a new predictive mathematical modeling is derived and presented in this paper to predict the future behavior of the inductive load model, which is compared with the reference signal to determine the cost function of the system. In this MMPC method, all the possible switching vectors of the converter are utilized to obtain the cost functions, and the corresponding switching vector for minimum cost function is selected to actuate the power converter in the next sampling time interval. The proposed MMPC method and the traditional MPC schemes are verified in MATLAB-Simulink. The experimental validation is performed in DS1104 R&D Controller Board to justify and confirm the performance of the system. Simulation and experimental results validate the robustness of the proposed MMPC method, and improve the results compared to traditional MPC method in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) and current reference tracking mean error.     

基于模型预测的微电源逆变器控制

微电源逆变器的传统控制方法具有设计复杂、鲁棒性低等缺点,为了提高微电源逆变器的快速准确响应,提出将模型预测控制(model predictive control,MPC)引入逆变器。根据逆变器并网孤岛状态运行需求,设计了模型预测PQ控制方案和基于下垂特性的U/f模型预测控制方案,通过LC滤波器中电感和电容建立微分方程,推导出相应的数学预测模型,在并网运行时,控制逆变器输出电流跟踪由功率指令生成的参考电流;在孤岛运行时,控制逆变器跟踪功率控制器生成参考电压和频率。仿真表明,2种控制方案都实现了有效跟踪,并且相比于传统PI控制,系统响应速度快、超调小控制精度高。仿真证明了控制策略的可行性,使逆变系统达到了良好的控制效果。     

基于滑模模型参考自适应系统观测器的永磁同步电机预测控制

针对一种三电平驱动的永磁同步电机控制系统,设计了一种无速度传感器有限集预测控制策略。首先,针对三电平逆变器驱动电路,采用有限集预测控制策略将其开关控制矢量看成一个有限集,在此有限集中搜索使目标函数最优的开关矢量,目标函数选择为输出误差电流,保证了电机定子电流波形的质量。其次,基于滑模模型参考自适应系统(MRAS)方法,利用电机本体的参考模型与电流模型的输出误差构造滑模面,设计了电机速度观测器,以改善位置和速度估计精度并提高系统的鲁棒性,并分析证明其稳定性。实验结果表明预测控制器较传统PID控制器能够提高定子电流波形质量,同时观测器能够较精确地估计永磁同步电机转子位置和速度,具有较好的鲁棒性。实现了对永磁同步电机的无传感器预测控制。     

高性能全数字电压型逆变器三相独立控制技术

介绍了全数字电压型逆变器的三相独立控制技术，解决了其中两个关键问题：一是对称三相给定信号的生成；二是每相逆变器输出电压波形的跟随。实验结果证明了该控制方案能使逆变器在不平衡负载下保持三相输出电压波形的对称性。     

光储微电网逆变器有限集模型预测控制

针对光储微电网并网稳定问题提出了一种有限集模型预测控制（FCS-MPC）方案。储能系统双向DC/DC变换器采用电压电流双环控制,以稳定直流母线电压。建立并网逆变器离散化数学模型,将逆变器输出电流作为成本函数控制量,构建电流预测控制器。逆变器电流采用前2步预测,并使用矢量角补偿法对控制过程进行延时补偿。利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建光伏储能微电网仿真模型,对比分析传统控制和模型预测控制的电压电流响应。结果显示,所提方案在负载变化和光伏功率波动情况下,能提高直流母线电压稳定性,减小并网电流畸变率。     

A novel three-phase four-leg inverter based load unbalance compensator for stand-alone microgrid

This paper proposes a three-phase four-leg voltage sourced inverter (VSI) based load unbalance compensator (LUC) including its control algorithm, which is a component of a microgrid. The purpose of proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC is to improve power quality of the standalone microgrid. Power quality of the microgrid which was installed in Mara-island, Korea is analyzed using a real operational data. In this work, the microgrid in Mara-island which includes a photovoltaic power generation system, a diesel generator, a battery energy storage system, and a power management system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC, and proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC is also modeled and applies to the modeled microgrid. Power flow and stability of the modeled microgrid with the LUC is analyzed under variable irradiance and unbalance loads. The results show that the proposed LUC helps to improve stability of the stand-alone microgrid. The proposed three-phase four-leg VSI based LUC and its control algorithm can be effectively utilized to the stand alone microgrid which has large unbalance loads.