一种新颖的比例积分谐振控制策略

PI控制器可实现直流系统的输出无静差,但不能实现交流系统的输出无静差,因此采用PI控制器的逆变器的外特性通常不够硬.为了克服此缺点,在此研究了一种谐振控制器,利用其在谐振点处增益无穷大来实现逆变器输出的无静差.此外将谐振控制器和PI控制器结合起来构成PI谐振控制器,该控制器不但具有PI控制器良好的稳定性能,而且具有谐振...     

双馈风力发电系统并网逆变器不同控制策略分析

双馈风力发电系统并网逆变器采用并网电流反馈PI控制,虽然在理想电网条件下能够实现逆变器控制系统高功率因数、低稳态误差的性能,但存在电网谐波干扰情况时,系统的动稳态跟踪性能变差;此外,PI控制器可以直流信号实现零稳态误差,但无法消除交流信号的谐波分量,且需要多次的复杂坐标变换和解耦控制。由此,提出一种基于并网电流反馈、电容电流反馈的多谐振PR控制,提高了系统控制精度;引入低次谐波补偿项后,能够有效抑制并网电流波形畸变。仿真结果证明了提出的控制策略不仅能实现对交流信号无静差控制和具有良好的动稳态跟踪性能,而且系统并网电流的谐波含量较少,满足电网对风力发电系统并网的要求。     

一种新的电压型PWM整流器无源控制器设计

为克服现行电压型PWM整流器无源控制器存在的缺点(如负载变化、电源不平衡时存在较大的直流电压稳态误差,系统的响应速度不理想等),基于整流器在两相同步旋转dq坐标系中的欧拉一拉格朗日EL(Euler-Lagrange)数学模型和无源性,通过阻尼注入方法,提出了一种由状态期望稳定平衡点x*、状态x及状态误差xe设计无源控制器的新方法.采用新方法设计的电压型PWM整流器无源控制器,可实现整流器有功电流和无功电流的解耦,使整流器具有更好的动、静态性能,对电源相位、负载扰动具有强的鲁棒性.仿真实验结果表明用新方法设计的电压型PWM整流器无源控制系统性能(如输入电流总谐波扰动THD、直流电压稳态误差、直流电压动态误差、直流电压上升时间及功率因数)优于现行的电压型PWM整流器无源控制系统.     

Fast‐scale stability limits of a two‐stage boost power converter

There are many applications in power electronics that demand high step‐up conversion ratio between the source and the load. A simple way of achieving such a high voltage ratio is by cascading DC–DC boost converters in a few stages. The individual converters in such a cascaded system are usually designed separately applying classical design criteria. This paper investigates the stability of the overall system of a cascade connection of two boost converters under current mode control. We first demonstrate the bifurcation behavior of the system, and it is shown that the desired periodic orbit can undergo fast‐scale period doubling bifurcation leading to subharmonic oscillations and chaotic regimes under parameter variation. The value of the intermediate capacitor is taken as a design parameter, and we determine the minimum ramp slope in the first stage required to maintain stability. It is shown that smaller capacitance values give rise to wider stability range. We explain the bifurcation phenomena using a full‐order model. Then, in order to simplify the analysis and to obtain a closed‐form expression to explain the previous observation, we develop a reduced‐order model by treating the second stage as a current sink. This allows us to obtain design‐oriented stability boundaries in the parameter space by taking into account slope interactions between the state variables in the two stages. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于准PR控制的逆变器优化控制

逆变器并网控制过程中往往利用比例积分（PI）控制器追踪信号,然而在正弦电流信号的追踪过程中往往由于冲击性负载的作用,给系统带来稳定性误差和系统扰动等问题,本文提出了一种基于比例谐振（PR）控制技术的准比例谐振（PR）逆变器优化控制策略。首先对PR控制器的原理进行了介绍,通过对PR控制器的改进构成了准PR控制器,重点分析了准PR控制器控制参数对系统性能的影响,从而确定系统最优时控制器的参数,并在准PR控制的基础上添加谐波补偿环,有效消除特定次数谐波。利用MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真实验,对PI控制器与准PR控制器的实验结果进行对比分析,验证了改进的准PR控制能够在逆变器并网系统中实现无静差追踪和稳态误差消除,保证了系统的动态稳定性。     

Sampled‐data poles,zeros, and modeling for current‐mode control

Exact and approximate sampled‐data models in closed forms are derived for switching DC–DC converters under peak/valley current‐mode control. The corresponding sampled‐data poles and zeros in closed forms are also derived. The location and stability conditions of the poles and zeros, boundary conditions of subharmonic instability, and nulling of the audio‐susceptibility are also derived. It is proved that the stable operating range of the source voltage is linearly proportional to the ramp slope. The sampled‐data models agree with previous experiment results and accurately predict the subharmonic instability. The different view from the sampled‐data model about the number and stability (minimum phase) of pole and zero does not necessarily invalidate the traditional continuous‐time averaged model. However, this different view gives better prediction about converter dynamics and is useful for the analog or digital controller design for DC–DC converters. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型并网逆变器重复电流控制策略的研究

为实现并网逆变器输出电流对指令电流信号的无静差跟踪,介绍了一种新型重复控制器设计方法,采用改进型内模和插入式结构,以获取良好的稳定性和优异的动态响应速度,建立被控对象的模型。分析了新系统的稳定性条件和性能,介绍了重复控制器零相移低通滤波器设计方法。通过合理配置,提高了系统的稳定性,简化了补偿器设计。利用Matlab/Simulink软件对理论推导和分析进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,控制方式可降低并网电流谐波畸变率并兼具良好的动态和静态性能。     

Development and implementation of a hybrid intelligent controller for interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives

A hybrid neuro-fuzzy scheme for online tuning of a genetic-based proportional-integral (PI) controller for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive is presented in this paper. The proposed controller is developed for accurate speed control of the IPMSM drive under various system disturbances. In this work, initially different operating conditions are obtained based on motor dynamics incorporating uncertainties. At each operating condition a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the PI controller parameters in a closed-loop vector control scheme. In the optimization procedure a performance index is developed to reflect the minimum speed deviation, minimum settling time and zero steady-state error. A fuzzy basis function network (FBFN) is utilized for online tuning of the PI controller parameters to ensure optimum drive performance under different disturbances. The proposed FBFN-based PI controller provides a natural framework for combining numerical and linguistic information in a uniform fashion. The proposed controller is successfully implemented in real time using a digital signal processor board DS 1102 for a laboratory 1-hp IPMSM. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulation as well as experimental results at different dynamic operating conditions. The proposed controller is found to be robust for applications in an IPMSM drive.     

Indirect adaptive control of nonlinear system via dynamic multilayer neural networks with multi‐time scales

This paper deals with adaptive nonlinear identification and trajectory tracking problem via dynamic multilayer neural network with different time scales. By means of a Lyapunov‐like analysis, we determine stability conditions for the on‐line identification. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking with consideration of the modeling error and disturbance. The main contributions of the paper lie in the following aspects. First, we extend our prior identification results of single‐layer dynamic neural networks with multi‐time scales to those of multilayer case. Second, the e‐modification in standard use in adaptive control is introduced in the on‐line update laws to guarantee bounded weights and bounded identification errors. Third, the potential singularity problem in controller design is solved by using new update laws for the NN weights so that the control signal is guaranteed bounded. The stability of proposed controller is proved by using Lyapunov function. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于PR调节器的并网逆变器双闭环控制策略的研究

针对传统PI控制器在跟踪并网逆变器交流信号时存在静差的问题,提出了基于比例谐振控制器(PR)的电网电流外环和电容电流内环的双闭环控制策略,在此基础上对控制系统进行了建模和稳定性分析,并进行了参数的设计,构建了仿真模型对理论分析进行验证。结果表明,此控制策略不仅可以做到对交流信号的无静差跟踪,而且对谐波具有精确的跟踪能力。     

A modified MPPT control loop for PV/battery‐charging system using PI controller optimally tuned with GA

In this study, a stand‐alone photovoltaic (PV)/battery‐charging system is proposed to efficiently charge a lead–acid battery with the available maximum power from the PV array. The relative sizing of the battery characteristics with respect to the PV array characteristics is indicated. The maximum‐power‐point (MPP)‐tracking operation is achieved through developing a new control loop, which is based on using the incremental conductance algorithm and the PI controller. The parameters of the PI controller are optimally tuned using the genetic algorithm (GA) by minimizing the integral of squared error and settling time. The proposed system was simulated twice by using MATLAB‐SIMULINK and by writing the appropriate MATLAB code in an M‐file. The SIMULINK model was designed to investigate the performance of the proposed system, whereas the M‐file model was designed to be used with the GA tool under MATLAB software, to optimally tune the PI controller. The simulation results indicated a rapid tracking capability for the PV array MPPs and a good matching between the PV array and the battery under various charging conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and implementation of a high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter

A high‐efficiency zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switching DC–DC converter with ripple‐free input current is presented. In the presented converter, the ripple‐free boost cell provides ripple‐free input current and zero‐voltage switching of power switches. The resonant flyback cell provides zero‐voltage switching of power switches and zero‐current switching of the output diode. Also, it has a simple output stage. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the reduction of the switching losses of the power switches and the output diode. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed and its experimental results are presented for validation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A gain‐scheduled control algorithm for input constrained systems to track time‐varying references using controller state resets

In this paper, we propose a control law for a discrete‐time linear system with actuator saturation to track time‐varying reference signals. The proposed control law consists of a feedback controller and a target recalculation mechanism. The feedback controller includes an integrator to achieve zero steady‐state error in the case where the reference signal is constant. The feedback gains of the controller are parameterized by a single scheduling parameter. In the proposed control algorithm, when the tracking error is large, a modified reference signal is computed by the target recalculation mechanism so that feasibility of the algorithm and stability of the control system are guaranteed at all times. At this stage, the controller state is modified online so that the tracking control performance is improved. Further, when the tracking error becomes small, the scheduling parameter and the controller state are updated simultaneously so that the tracking control performance is improved. The problems of determining the scheduling parameter, the controller state, and the modified reference signal are reduced to convex optimization problems with linear matrix inequality constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is shown through an experiment. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Robust self‐tuning PI decoupling control of uncertain multivariable systems

In this paper, for a class of multivariable systems with strong couplings, a robust self‐tuning PI decoupling controller is developed by combining a self‐tuning PI controller with a feedforward decoupling compensator and a filter. To determine the gains and other parameters of the PI decoupling controller, we first introduced a reduced order model. The parameters of the reduced order model are identified by using a normalized projection algorithm with dead zone. The gains of the PI controller together with other parameters are tuned online according to the certainty equivalent principle. By resorting to time‐varying operation, we presented the bounded‐input bounded‐output stability conditions and convergence conditions of the closed‐loop system. Simulation results on a synthetic system and a twin‐tank level system show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分布式发电系统中并网逆变器比例谐振控制

比例谐振(PR)控制器能够在静止坐标系下对交流信号实现无静差控制,将此控制器应用于分布式发电系统中并网逆变器.采用电网电压定向的矢量控制和PR控制,实现了d轴和q轴电流的解耦控制以及功率任意可调.对静止坐标系下的PR控制器进行了静态和动态实验.最后,对电网电压不平衡时PR控制器的三相并网逆变器进行了实验,并与同步旋转坐...     

Digitally‐assisted constant‐on‐time dynamic‐biasing technique for bandwidth and slew‐rate enhancement in ultra‐low‐power low‐dropout regulator

A digitally‐assisted constant‐on‐time dynamic‐biasing (COT‐DB) technique has been proposed to enable significant enhancement in dynamic performances, while the average current consumption can be kept to ultralow level. This dynamic‐biasing technique has a predefined magnitude and duration on biasing current boost, which is beneficial to estimate power budget in systems with finite energy source. The proposed technique has been applied to a low‐dropout regulator (LDO) to demonstrate the effectiveness. Experimental results show that significant improvements in settling times during load‐transients and line‐transients are as much as 880×, while the current consumption is only 1.02 μA. In fact, for the same dynamic performances, the average current consumption of LDO with COT‐DB technique can be as low as 0.39% of the LDO with heavy static biasing. The digitally‐assisted implementation of the technique also allows robust augmentation of the technique onto almost all analog systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Limit‐cycle stable control of current‐mode dc‐dc converter with zero‐perturbation dynamical compensation

Regarding the non‐limit‐cycle instabilities, which commonly exist in the feedback‐controlled switching power converters, a new zero‐perturbation dynamical compensation method is proposed based on a simplified self‐stable dynamical compensation condition in this paper. With a current‐mode Buck converter as the subject of investigation, the corresponding self‐stable perturbation control equation is given. At the same time, the system stability boundary is obtained based on the investigation of the system eigenvalues, and hence, the working range of control parameters is determined. Finally, the presented simulation and experiment results reveal that the new zero‐perturbation dynamical compensation controller is easily realized with an analog circuit and it will not sacrifice the working range of the original reference current compared with the traditional slope compensation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on PI–PI dual‐loop digital control technique for inverters based on state‐space theory

Dual‐loop control of the instantaneous values plays an important role in inverters whose output waveform has fast dynamic response, high steady‐state accuracy, and strong anti‐interference performances. Double closed‐loop control approaches that are widely used can be considered as those of the inner‐loop inductor current and capacitor current. However, the anti‐interference performance and the dynamic response speed of the former are not fast enough. Meanwhile, the latter cannot provide good overcurrent protection for the inverter source. Based on state‐space theory, the PI–PI control strategy of inner‐loop inductor current and outer‐loop voltage with feed‐forward control of the load current is adopted in this paper to further reduce the steady‐state error of the inverter system and improve its dynamic anti‐interference performance. The approach proposed in this paper can present fast and high‐stability performances as well as an effective overcurrent protection for the inverters. We verify the correctness of this approach by simulation and experiments, which prove the improved effectiveness of the approach through the output voltage waveform of the system. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

一种高性能三电平NPC整流器控制方法的研究

分析了三电平中点箝位PWM整流器的工作原理,并提出了一种基于d,q轴解耦和中点电位控制的高性能三电平中点箝位PWM整流器控制方法。该方法具有电流控制精度高,能够实现有功电流和无功电流的无差调节,以及有效抑制中点电位的直流和低频脉动等优点。文中详细介绍了电流以及中点电位控制器的设计,并给出了控制系统的具体软硬件实现。通过仿真和实验研究,验证了该控制方法的正确性和有效性。     

基于复合型自适应广义积分器三电平APF研究

电力有源滤波器(active power filter,APF)是消除电网中非线性负载产生的电流谐波的有效手段之一。提出一种在三相静止坐标下的基于自适应理论的复合控制器,复合控制器包括改进的自适应广义积分器和PI控制器。在最大限度利用PI控制器进行谐波电流快速跟踪的同时,采取自适应广义积分器对各次谐波进行稳态无静差跟踪控制。提出的复合控制器与三电平电压空间矢量调相结合,能够消除单PI控制交流变量时所存在的稳态静差问题和改善系统鲁棒性。详细研究了复合控制器的设计方法,并给出了设计参数和系统的稳定性分析。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,对基于自适应广义积分器的三电平APF控制系统进行了仿真分析,最后通过实验验证了控制方法的正确性和有效性。