多变量自适应PID型神经网络控制器及其设计方法

提出一种PID型神经网络控制器（PID-like Neural Network Controller，PIDNNC）及其设计方法．基于PID的简单结构和良好性能优势以及神经网络的自调节和自适应的特长，创建一种具有PID结构的多变量自适应的PID型神经网络控制器．该网络控制器的隐含层由带有输出反馈和激活反馈的混合局部连接递归网络组成．通过定义误差函数作为设计目标，采用弹性BP算法，并用变化率以及弹性BP算法中的符号法来处理某些求导关系，获得适于实时在线调整网络权值的修正公式．根据李亚普诺夫稳定性定理推导出确保控制系统稳定的学习速率的取值范围．最后通过实例进一步说明所提出网络控制器的优越性．     

倒立摆系统的高精度控制器设计与实现

对线性二次调节器LQR算法中Q和R矩阵的参数与控制系统反馈矩阵Ⅸ之间的关系进行了实验研究,并将所获得的最佳反馈矩阵作为所设计的神经网络控制器的权值初始值。该神经网络控制器是带有局部递归神经网络并具有PID结构的控制器,因而设计简单,尤其适合用于多变量非线性时变系统。通过对一级和二级直线倒立摆系统的具体控制器的设计以及实验,将LQR控制器与神经网络控制器分别在无干扰和有干扰情况下的控制效果进行了对比分析,设计并实现了具有控制精度以及鲁棒性比最优线性二次调节器更高的一级和二级直线倒立摆系统。     

基于继电辨识的大时滞对象的内模控制

采用改进的饱和继电反馈实验辨识高精度的过程模型，将内模控制与Smith预估控制器相结合，提出了一种适用于大时滞对象的内模控制结构，并按内模控制结构设计控制器。仿真实验表明该控制结构可获得比Smith预估控制更好的动态性能、鲁棒性和抗干扰性能，为大时滞对象的控制提供了一种新的实用方法。     

一类带有随机、有界时滞网络控制系统的脉冲控制

如何在信道约束下设计控制器对于网络控制系统的研究具有重要意义,为此提出将脉冲控制思想应用于网络控制系统,通过减少反馈过程的通信次数来降低控制策略对信道传输能力的依赖.首先构建网络脉冲控制系统模型;继而利用Lyapunov函数方法得到一类带有随机、有界时滞的网络控制系统的指数稳定性条件,并给出了脉冲控制器参数与系统收敛速度之间的定量关系;最后通过数值仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.     

机器人多胞变增益输出反馈H∞控制

针对n类关节的刚性机器人，提出一种设计包含极点配置的多胞变增益输出反馈H∞控制器的新方法．利用平衡族附近的线性化，机器人系统可化为一关于平衡族的连续线性变参数系统，通过引入滤波器得到易于设计变增益控制器的增广对象，并将其凸分解为多胞表示，基于二次D-稳定和二次H∞性能概念，利用多胞特性将整个控制器设计转化为对胞体顶点控制器的设计，然后利用LMI方法，对多胞的各顶点分别设计满足H∞性能和动态特性的输出反馈控制器，最后综合顶点控制器得到具有同样多胞结构的全局连续变增益控制器．实验结果验证了此控制器的有效性和先进性。     

线性不确定系统的H∞状态反馈鲁棒重复控制

现有的重复控制设计不能同时优化低通滤波器的参数和重复控制器的参数.我们在设计重复控制系统以控制线性不确定对象时,解决了这个问题.首先,引入状态反馈以保证闭系统的鲁棒稳定性,把重复控制器设计问题转化为H∞状态反馈增益的设计问题.为获得低通滤波器最大转折频率,进一步将设计问题转化为基于线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题.提出了一种迭代算法,用以计算低通滤波器的最大转折频率和H∞状态反馈增益.在保证系统鲁棒稳定性的同时,获得最高控制精度的重复控制器和低通滤波器的参数组合.该方法与已有方法比较,它的结果容易验证和求解,因而更适合于实际应用.最后,通过数值实例验证了本文所提方法的有效性.     

不确定系统鲁棒容错H_∞控制的LMI设计方法

针对不确定线性系统.研究了执行器失效情况下鲁棒容错H∞控制问题.基于连续增益故障模式.利用线性矩阵不等式LMI推导了系统H∞指标约束下鲁棒容错镇定的充要条件.分别给出了输出反馈和状态反馈H∞控制器的设计方法.通过引入变量代换.将求解输出反馈H∞指标约束的鲁棒容错控制器的可解条件转化为标准的LMI.所获得的控制器不仅能使故障系统鲁棒稳定,并且能达到给定的H∞性能指标.仿真实例验证了所提出设计方法的有效性.     

基于保H∞性能插值的变增益输出反馈控制

针对线性变参数系统,基于保H∞性能插值设计一种无需变参数变化率反馈的变增益 输出反馈控制器.在将控制器设计转化为关于参数矩阵的LMI问题后,基于"H∞性能覆盖"的 概念给出了划分变参数集的充分条件,并将变参数集划分为若干充分小的子集,对各子集寻找 满足要求的常数矩阵并利用插值来得到所要求的连续参数矩阵.此控制器消除了变参数变化率 反馈并通过对变参数变化率上界的限制降低了控制器设计的保守性.实验结果验证了其有效性.     

基于牵制控制的切换布尔网络的分布式集合镇定

切换布尔网络是一种典型的网络化控制系统, 在基因调控、信息安全、人工智能、电路设计等领域具有重 要应用. 本文基于牵制控制方法, 研究切换布尔网络在任意切换下的分布式集合镇定问题. 首先, 利用矩阵半张量积 方法,得到切换布尔网络的代数形式. 其次, 基于代数形式, 提出构造性的算法来实现切换布尔网络在牵制控制的 作用下任意切换集合镇定, 并设计出状态反馈牵制控制器. 再次, 利用逻辑矩阵分解技术和分布式控制方法, 设计任 意切换下切换布尔网络的分布式集合镇定控制器, 并提出分布式控制器存在的充分条件. 文中给出3个例子来说明 所获得结果的有效性.     

LMI方法在大时滞网络拥塞控制器中的应用

从H∞控制理论的观点出发,将带宽扰动作为网络负载来考虑,基于LMI方法设计了大时滞反馈网络控制系统的H∞拥塞控制器,所得到的数据分组丢包率不仅与队列的变化率有关,还与窗口的变化率有关,并进一步说明该控制器为基于平均队列长度估计的预测控制器。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器在高速网络中具有良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

Adaptive control for uncertain nonlinear systems based on multiple neural networks.

A new adaptive multiple neural network controller (AMNNC) with a supervisory controller for a class of uncertain nonlinear dynamic systems was developed in this paper. The AMNNC is a kind of adaptive feedback linearizing controller where nonlinearity terms are approximated with multiple neural networks. The weighted sum of the multiple neural networks was used to approximate system nonlinearity for the given task. Each neural network represents the system dynamics for each task. For a job where some tasks are repeated but information on the load is not defined and unknown or varying, the proposed controller is effective because of its capability to memorize control skill for each task with each neural network. For a new task, most similar existing control skills may be used as a starting point of adaptation. With the help of a supervisory controller, the resulting closed-loop system is globally stable in the sense that all signals involved are uniformly bounded. Simulation results on a cartpole system for the changing mass of the pole were illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for the comparison with the conventional adaptive neural network controller (ANNC).     

Iterative inversion of neural networks and its application toadaptive control

An iterative constrained inversion technique is used to find the control inputs to the plant. That is, rather than training a controller network and placing this network directly in the feedback or feedforward paths, the forward model of the plant is learned, and iterative inversion is performed on line to generate control commands. The control approach allows the controllers to respond online to changes in the plant dynamics. This approach also attempts to avoid the difficulty of analysis introduced by most current neural network controllers, which place the highly nonlinear neural network directly in the feedback path. A neural network-based model reference adaptive controller is also proposed for systems having significant dynamics between the control inputs and the observed (or desired) outputs and is demonstrated on a simple linear control system. These results are interpreted in terms of the need for a dither signal for on-line identification of dynamic systems.     

Neural network robust control of a 3-DOF hydraulic manipulator with asymptotic tracking

Multiaxial hydraulic manipulators are complicated systems with highly nonlinear dynamics and various modeling uncertainties, which hinders the development of high-performance controller. In this paper, a neural network feedforward with a robust integral of the sign of the error (RISE) feedback is proposed for high precise tracking control of hydraulic manipulator systems. The established nonlinear model takes three-axis dynamic coupling, hydraulic actuator dynamics, and nonlinear friction effects into consideration. A radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is synthesized to approximate the uncertain system dynamics and external disturbance, which can greatly reduce the dependence on accurate system model. In addition, a continuous RISE feedback law is judiciously integrated to deal with the residual unknown dynamics. Since the major unknown dynamics can be estimated by the RBFNN and then compensated in the feedforward design, the high-gain feedback issue in RISE feedback control will be avoided. The proposed RISE-based neural network robust controller theoretically guarantees an excellent semi-global asymptotic stability. Comparative simulation is performed on a 3-DOF hydraulic manipulator, and the obtained results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

A direct adaptive neural command controller design for an unstable helicopter

This paper presents an off-line (finite time interval) and on-line learning direct adaptive neural controller for an unstable helicopter. The neural controller is designed to track pitch rate command signal generated using the reference model. A helicopter having a soft inplane four-bladed hingeless main rotor and a four-bladed tail rotor with conventional mechanical controls is used for the simulation studies. For the simulation study, a linearized helicopter model at different straight and level flight conditions is considered. A neural network with a linear filter architecture trained using backpropagation through time is used to approximate the control law. The controller network parameters are adapted using updated rules Lyapunov synthesis. The off-line trained (for finite time interval) network provides the necessary stability and tracking performance. The on-line learning is used to adapt the network under varying flight conditions. The on-line learning ability is demonstrated through parameter uncertainties. The performance of the proposed direct adaptive neural controller (DANC) is compared with feedback error learning neural controller (FENC).     

压电陶瓷驱动平台自适应输出反馈控制

压电陶瓷驱动平台的精度和动态特性主要取决于所设计的控制器是否可以有效地补偿压电陶瓷固有的迟滞特性. 针对这一问题, 提出了一种基于神经网络 (Neural network, NN)的自适应输出反馈控制策略. 为了避免压电陶瓷速度测量噪声的影响, 采用高增益观测器对压电陶瓷平台的速度状态进行估计; 为了克服压电陶瓷的迟滞非线性特征, 采用神经网络动态补偿策略; 针对神经网络逼近误差和观测器估计误差, 控制器设计中增加了鲁棒控制项. 最后应用Lyapunov 稳定性理论证明了所提出的控制器的收敛性问题. 仿真实验表明了所提控制方法的有效性.     

Neural network compensation control for mechanical systems with disturbances

Two novel compensation schemes based on accelerometer measurements to attenuate the effect of external vibrations on mechanical systems are proposed in this paper. The first compensation algorithm exploits the neural network as the feedback-feedforward compensator whereas the second is the neural network feedforward compensator. Each compensation strategy includes a feedback controller and a neural network compensator with the help of a sensor to detect external vibrations. The feedback controller is employed to guarantee the stability of the mechanical systems, while the neural network is used to provide the required compensation input for trajectory tracking. Dynamics knowledge of the plant, disturbances and the sensor is not required. The stability of the proposed schemes is analyzed by the Lyapunov criterion. Simulation results show that the proposed controllers perform well for a hard disk drive system and a two-link manipulator.     

一类非线性不确定系统的神经网络控制

针对一类非线性不确定系统,提出了一种自适 应神经网络控制方案．被控系统是部分已知的,其中系统已知的动态特性被用来设计保证标 称模型稳定的反馈控制器,而基于神经网络的动态补偿器则用于补偿系统的非线性不确定性 ,从而可以保证系统输出跟踪误差渐近收敛于0．     

Compound control of a compound cosine function neural network and PD for manipulators

In this paper, a compound cosine function neural network controller for manipulators is presented based on the combination of a cosine function and a unipolar sigmoid function. The compound control scheme based on a proportional-differential (PD) feedback control plus the cosine function neural network feedforward control is used for the tracking control of manipulators. The advantages of the compound control are that the system model does not need to be identified beforehand in the manipulator control system and it can achieve better adaptive control in an on-line continuous learning manner. The simulation results for the two-link manipulator show that the proposed compound control has higher tracking accuracy and better robustness than the conventional PD controllers in the position trajectory tracking control for the manipulator. Therefore, the compound cosine function neural network controller provides a novel approach for the manipulator control with uncertain nonlinear problems.