一个MC逻辑及其逻辑程序的语义

本文定义了一个多ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ逻辑结构。ＭＣＯ在几个方面推广了传统的一阶逻辑：每个ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ相关一个理论；Ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ间存在ｏｕｔｅｒ关系；     

Matrox与Promethean Designs携手合作 Renegade Racers玩家从此可二人互相对赛

Ｍａｔｒｏｘ Ｇｒａｐｈｉｃｓ Ｉｎｃ．及ＰｒｏｍｅｔｈｅａｎＤｅｓｉｇｎｓ日前宣布，内容惊险刺激、并支持Ｍａｔｒｏｘ双头显示技术的ＲｅｎｅｇａｄｅＲａｃｅｒｓＴＭ游戏，已经正式在美国发售。 凭着 Ｍａｔｒｏｘ Ｇ４００的双头显示功能，令游戏可以输出至两个显示器，两个Ｒｅｎｅｇａｄｅ Ｒａｃｅｒｓ发烧友就可以各安坐于自己的显示器前，与对手竞赛，比起过往只能在单一个显示器上，划分成两个画面，每个赛车手只能各占一半的挤拥玩法，实在不能同日而语。 就算是一个人玩此游戏，也可以尽享双头显示技术带来的乐趣。仿真…     

一种有效的概率上下文无关文法分析算法*

句法分析的研究是自然语言处理领域的一个重要组成部分。该提出并实现了一种有效的概率上下无关法ＳＣＦＧ（ｓｔｏｃｈａｓｔｉｃ ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ－ｆｒｅｅ ｇｒａｍｍｅｒ）的分析算法。首先对原有的ＧＬＲ分析有加以改造，以便能够利用分析过程的控制结构来计算有关的概率；然后对分析过程中的每个状态增设了下标，以区分不同的归约路径。通过上述手段，成功地引入了状态的前向（Ｆｏｒｗａｒｄ）概率和内（Ｉｎｎｅｒ）     

利用VB编写HIML→TXT转换器

在互联网上，很多资源都是以超文本标记语言ＨＴＬＭ文件洛式存在的。当前有很多软件能将ＨＴＬＭ文件转换为ＴＸＴ文件。下面介绍一个我们在学习ＶＢ时编的一个ＨＴＬＭ转换为ＴＸＴ的一个小程序，供爱好ＶＢ编程的朋友们参考。１界面设计首先，进入ＶＢ，选择标准ＥＸＥ，新建一个窗体。窗体上放置一个文本框ＴＦＥＸＴ１，三个命令按钮ｃｏｍｍａｎｄｌ，ｃｏｍ－ｍａｎｄ２，ｃｏｍｍａｎｄ３，将它们的ＣＡＰＴＩＯＮ属性分别设为“测览”“转换”“退出”，再添加三个标签控件ｌａｂｅｌｌ，ｌａｂｅｌ２，ｌａｂｅｌ３，ｌａｂｅｌｌ…     

基于P—V—T法的星上推进系统剩余燃料量的计算及误差分析

Ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ法是星上推进系统剩余燃料量计算的一个主要方法。本文介绍了它的基本原理，同时以一个典型的落压式肼单组元系统和一个典型的ＭＯＮ／ＭＭＨ双组元系统为例，对影响Ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ法计算精度的诸因素作了详细的列举，使我们看到了影响该计算精度的最主要因素，为改进这项工作提供了理论依据。     

基于ROUCHE定理的稳定性判据

应用Ｒｏｕｃｈｅ定理于线性定常系统的稳定性分析，得到关于单输入单输出（ＳＩＳＯ）系统不等式形式的稳定性判据，此此方法推广到多输入多输出（ＭＩＭＯ）系统，导出了判定多变量系统稳定性的一个充分条件分析预示了Ｒｏｕｃｈｅ定理在系统理论中的应用潜力。     

基于块方向预测和Context的图象天先真编码方法

首先分析无失真图象编码技术，提出一种基于块方向预测和Ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ的自适应无失真编码方法，该方法主要使用块方向预测和基于Ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ的误差模型去除图象在空间上的相关性。在此方法中，一幅图象首先被分割成图象块，对图象的每一块自适应地选择一个使预测误差绝对值之和最小的块方向预测器，然后通过Ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ选择和误差反馈进一步降低信号熵；最后，采用快速而有效的Ｒｉｃｅ编码器对误差图象编码。实验结果显示，     

网络资源的充分利用 对等网上收发email

ＩＮＴＥＲＮＥＴ Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ Ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅ能使用户利用Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ　Ｍａｉｌ邮局的邮箱账号发送和接收电子邮件、传真和文件。而Ｍｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔ Ｍａｉｌ 邮局为网管提供一个中央位置,以便创建并维护工作组邮局。网管可以为每个在工作组邮局或用户建立一个账号。存了这个账号对等网上所在用户之间即可相互发送或接收电子邮件。     

一个二阶的context逻辑

本文为Ｂｕｖａｃ的ｃｏｎｔｅｘｔ逻辑定义了一个二阶扩充ＳＯＱＬＣ，它能为许多常识现象提供更简单自然的描述。     

TMNX接口安全管理的研究

文章首先给出了多个ＴＭＮ通过Ｘ接口互连时面临的安全威胁，进而提出了ＴＭＮＸ接口安全管理需求，在此基础上提出了两类Ｉｎｔｅｒ０－ＴＭＮ安全管理的模型；联合 协同管理模型。通过引入安全前端作为ＴＭＮ安全网关，文章的最后给出了基于联合管理 实现原形。     

一种多背景知识组织方法

一、引言 背景是事物某一时刻在某种环境下所依赖的世界状态。背景的不同,事物所呈的状态也不同,描述事物属性的同时必须明确此事物所处的背景.传统专家系统知识表达方法,:规则、框架等,都是在单背景下构造知识的,所有知识都依赖于单背景,知     

中国机器翻译研究的机遇与挑战——第八届全国机器翻译研讨会总结与展望

随着统计方法逐渐成为机器翻译研究的主流,机器翻译系统评测的分值越来越高,人们对机器翻译的信心和期望逐渐增加,社会对机器翻译应用的需求也越来越大。然而,现有的机器翻译理论和方法在系统性能上提升的空间逐渐减小,而且距离用户实际需求仍有很长的路要走。那么,面对期望、面对需求,机器翻译之路应该如何走？为此,第八届全国机器翻译研讨会对当前机器翻译研究所面临的挑战和机遇进行了深入研讨。该文详细介绍了该次研讨会六个专题的讨论情况,对机器翻译研究面临的机遇和挑战进行了认真的分析和总结。     

基于情境相似的知识个性化推荐系统研究

知识情境是知识创造和运用的具体环境和背景,融合知识情境的知识个性化推荐系统是提高知识重用效率和共享特性的重要手段。提出了在知识个性化推荐系统中添加知识情境,使用多层多维度建模方法构建知识情境模型,通过知识情境的相似性评估,将与当前目标情境相似度满足特定值的历史情境所关联的知识推荐给目标用户。实验表明,此方法一定程度上能提高知识个性化推荐的效率。     

Contextual Policy Search for Linear and Nonlinear Generalization of a Humanoid Walking Controller

We investigate learning of flexible robot locomotion controllers, i.e., the controllers should be applicable for multiple contexts, for example different walking speeds, various slopes of the terrain or other physical properties of the robot. In our experiments, contexts are desired walking linear speed of the gait. Current approaches for learning control parameters of biped locomotion controllers are typically only applicable for a single context. They can be used for a particular context, for example to learn a gait with highest speed, lowest energy consumption or a combination of both. The question of our research is, how can we obtain a flexible walking controller that controls the robot (near) optimally for many different contexts? We achieve the desired flexibility of the controller by applying the recently developed contextual relative entropy policy search(REPS) method which generalizes the robot walking controller for different contexts, where a context is described by a real valued vector. In this paper we also extend the contextual REPS algorithm to learn a non-linear policy instead of a linear policy over the contexts which call it RBF-REPS as it uses Radial Basis Functions. In order to validate our method, we perform three simulation experiments including a walking experiment using a simulated NAO humanoid robot. The robot learns a policy to choose the controller parameters for a continuous set of forward walking speeds.     

The role of organisational context in mediating workplace learning and performance

The success or failure of any workplace training program may not rest with the program itself, but may be influenced by a range of other contextual elements that mediate learning and action in workplace performance. This paper introduces the term “High-3” work, and then discusses the role of formal and informal learning within High-3 workplace contexts. The influence of some aspects of organisational context on work practice is illustrated through a case study and qualitative analysis of a near-miss incident within Australia’s air traffic control airspace. The paper concludes that socio-cultural theories provide a useful framework for understanding performance in High-3 workplace but that these theories need to be further developed to account for a range of features present in workplace contexts. Some recommendations for practitioners interested in better understanding the role of context in developing training programs to support High-3 work are provided.     

Cross-cultural IS adoption in multinational corporations: A study of rationality

A common claim in the literature on Information Systems' implementation in the context of less developed economies or so-called “developing countries” is that the “Western” technology is at odds with the local cultural context, in particular it is believed to mismatch local rationality in the sense of the accepted ways of doing things. In this paper we investigate IS implementation in a company based in a “non-Western” context compared with IS adoption in another company in a “Western” country context. Seen as a particular form of decision-making, the adoption and implementation processes are analysed drawing on the literature on decision-making, rationality in “Western” and “non-Western” contexts. Presenting evidence from these two contexts we argue that multiple forms of rationality exist in any context and that national culture is only one aspect of actors' as well as researchers' sense-making of activities in any given context. Linking the cases back the literature we reflect on the implications of our findings for cross-cultural research of IT implementation.     

An algorithmic mitigation of large spurious interprocedural cycles in static analysis

We present a simple algorithmic extension of the approximate call‐strings approach to mitigate substantial performance degradation caused by spurious interprocedural cycles. Spurious interprocedural cycles are, in a realistic setting, the key reasons for why approximate call‐return semantics in both context‐sensitive and ‐insensitive static analysis can make the analysis much slower than expected. In the approximate call‐strings‐based context‐sensitive static analysis, because the number of distinguished contexts is finite, multiple call‐contexts are inevitably joined at the entry of a procedure and the output at the exit is propagated to multiple return‐sites. We found that these multiple returns frequently create a single large cycle (we call it ‘butterfly cycle’) covering almost all parts of the program and such a spurious cycle makes analyses very slow and inaccurate. Our simple algorithmic technique (within the fixpoint iteration algorithm) identifies and prunes these spurious interprocedural flows. The technique's effectiveness is proven by experiments with a realistic C analyzer to reduce the analysis time by 7–96%. As the technique is algorithmic, it can be easily applicable to existing analyses without changing the underlying abstract semantics, it is orthogonal to the underlying abstract semantics' context‐sensitivity, and its correctness is obvious. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Logical Sentences as the Intent of Concepts

Pragmatics plays an important role in correctly understanding sentences. Much useful information will be lost if the context in which a sentence is asserted is ignored. There are some approaches in logic to pragmatics, such as situation theories and context logics. Although these methods associate a sentence with a context or a situation, they consider only the truth value of the sentence. However, a sentence should have more meanings than its truth value, and people care more about what a sentence conveys. For the affection of contexts, the meaning of a sentence is not always its semantic meaning and a sentence may have different pragmatical implications in different contexts. In this paper, a context is considered as some structure in the real world. A sentence from some logical language is conceptualized as a concept, whose intent is a set of sentences implied semantically by the sentence, and whose extent is a set of contexts in which the sentence describes a part of the contexts. In terms of tools and theories of concepts, a strictly defined theory is given to study the pragmatics of sentences in contexts in information systems, which cannot be derived from the sentences by using logical reasoning methods.     

Strategies for contextual reasoning with conflicts in ambient intelligence

Ambient Intelligence environments host various agents that collect, process, change and share the available context information. The imperfect nature of context, the open and dynamic nature of such environments and the special characteristics of ambient agents have introduced new research challenges in the study of Distributed Artificial Intelligence. This paper proposes a solution based on the Multi-Context Systems paradigm, according to which local knowledge of ambient agents is encoded in rule theories (contexts), and information flow between agents is achieved through mapping rules that associate concepts used by different contexts. To resolve potential inconsistencies that may arise from the interaction of contexts through their mappings (global conflicts), we use a preference ordering on the system contexts, which may express the confidence that an agent has in the knowledge imported by other agents. On top of this model, we have developed four alternative strategies for global conflicts resolution, which mainly differ in the type and extent of context and preference information that is used to resolve potential conflicts. The four strategies have been respectively implemented in four versions of a distributed algorithm for query evaluation and evaluated in a simulated P2P system.