基于概念网络的智能教学系统--OMT

从知识管理的角度出发，利用知识表达工具概念网络（Connet）为智能教学系统OMT（Olympic Math Tutoring）构造知识模型，以“知识树”的形式呈现领域知识的层次和逻辑关系。同时使用覆盖知识树的概率网络建立学生模型，结合习题参数的设计达到解释学生学习行为、为学生提供个性化教学的目的。     

结构分散模型及其应用

本文用链系统的结构分散化模型描述受控系统的动态特性,该模型以子系统级模型给出, 显含人工对系统因果分析的经验知识.文中引入了因果链、链结构和链能达性等概念,研究了 有关性质,并讨论了一个实例.     

拓扑关系的闭球模型及复合表的推导

Egenhofer和Franzosa提出的拓扑关系的4-交集模型是定性空间推理中常用的模型，但基于4-交集模型难以推导出拓扑关系的完备集、概念邻域和复合表．本文以拓扑学为基础，提出了（n，n）完备集的概念，建立了拓扑关系的闭球模型．基于闭球模型可以直接推导出拓扑关系的（n，n）完备集和概念邻域以及复合表．结果表明，对定性空间推理来说，闭球模型比4-交集模型更简单有效．     

基于对象模型的全腕式电动假肢的控制和诊断专家系统

我们研制了一个基于对象模型的全腕式电动假肢专家系统。在该系统里，我们通过对假肢进行模型化建立了假肢对象的知识库，并根据控制目标和故障诊断目的设计了推理程序，因此，系统能控制假肢各个关节协调动作，使完成目标作业，并能诊断出假肢的故障。本文介绍对象模型的概念，有关假肢对象模型的阶层构造，知识表示方法，知识库的建立方法以及控制和诊断假肢的推理。     

基于CIM实现分布式业务的服务级协定管理

提出了面向业务体系结构（SOA）的服务级协定（SLA）与传统管理体系结构的资源度量之间的映射模式，建立了具有主动代理的SLA驱动管理模型．映射模式以WSLA定义SLA，基于公共信息模型（CIM）设计多种度量类型和进度计划，将复杂的SLA参数转换为业务提供者能够理解并且执行的资源度量．业务管理模型的资源子代理通过进度计划，能自觉请求检索新度量和计算SLA参数，无需外部客户触发，使模型的SLA监视和管理功能自动地执行，有效地降低了系统开销．     

Super－Object模型：在分布存储器多计算机上实现共享存储器程序设计模式

Ｓｕｐｅｒ－Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ模型提出了一种新的方法，在分布存储器多计算机上实现语言级虚拟共享存储器以支持共享存储器通信模式．Ｓｕｐｅｒ－Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ模型引入新的概念ｓｕｐｅｒ－ｏｂｊｅｃｔ，不同于其它模型，基于ｓｕｐｅｒ－ｏｂｊｅｃｔ，它提出了新的共享数据定位方法，全局地址标识（ｎａｍｅ，ｏｆｆ－ｓｅｔ）．Ｓｕｐｅｒ－Ｏｂｊｅｃｔ模型与Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ７７结合，我们实现了一个运行时间系统和库调用，支持程序员使用Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ语言编写并行程序，最后介绍了系统的实现和取得的性能．     

基于需求分解的知识系统建模方法

通过对知识系统的需求分析及分解，将知识系统的知识划分为领域概念知识(概念本体)、系统知识(任务本体)、控制知识和解释知识四大部分，初步建立了各部分的实现框架和相应的策略，其中概念本体描述知识系统的静态知识，任务本体描述知识系统的动态知识。以一个简化农业种植结构配置知识系统为例，建立了系统的应用本体求解模型。这种基于需求分解的知识系统建模方法具有面向问题和应用、实用性强等优点。     

区分站点状态的两级轮询控制系统

针对提高轮询控制模型工作效率和区分网络优先级的问题，提出了区分站点忙闲状态的完全-门限两级轮询控制模型（ETTPSS）。模型以两级优先级为基础，依据站点的忙闲状态采用并行处理方式只对忙站点进行信息分组发送服务。模型既能区分传输服务优先级又能避开对无信息分组的空闲站点的查询，从而提高了模型资源利用率和工作效率。运用概率母函数与马尔可夫链相结合的方法对该模型进行理论分析研究，精确解析了模型各个重要性能参数。仿真实验结果表明，仿真值与理论值近似相等，说明理论分析正确合理。与普通轮询模型相比，该模型性能大幅度提高。     

基于并行支持向量机的多变量非线性模型预测控制

提出一种基于并行支持向量机的多变量系统非线性模型预测控制算法．首先，通过考虑输入、输出间的耦合，建立基于并行支持向量机的多步预测模型；然后，将该模型用于非线性预测控制,提出新的适用于并行预测模型的反馈校正策略，得到最优控制律．连续搅拌槽式反应器（CSTR）的控制仿真结果表明,该算法的性能优于基于并行神经网络的非线性模型预测控制和基于集成模型的非线性模型预测控制．     

面向对象的网络计划系统OOA模型

介绍在面向对象的软件工程（OOSE）中OOA模型的概念，及工程项目网络计划系统工作的功能需求，以OO方法建立网络计划系统OOA模型：包括由类图（Class diagram)方式表达系统主要信息的基本模型，其中定义了网络计划系统中对象层，特征层和关系层的模型信息；和由主题图，Use Pase、交互图表示的补充模型，其中对基本模型予以解释，比较了传统软件工程方法与OOA方法在分析工作中的特点，对该系统的OOD、OOP将另文论述。     

An innovative improvement of engineering learning system using computational fluid dynamics concept

An innovative concept of an electronic learning system has been established in an attempt to achieve a technology that provides engineering students with an instructive and affordable framework for learning engineering-related courses. This system utilizes an existing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package, Active Server Pages programming, Hyper Text Markup Language web page, and a database in the development of a user-friendly interface for the e-learning system. The structure of this learning system includes three components: a pre-processor which creates and defines the problems, a control program which links CFD package; searches for the identical problem with previously executed results or creates a new CFD execution and then saves the results in the database, and a post-processor which yields a graphic presentation of the computational results. This system would provide engineering students with a solid comprehension of the physical phenomena by changing the input parameters of a specific problem.     

Learning through computer-based concept mapping with scaffolding aid

Abstract Concept mapping has been applied in a variety of fields, including instruction, learning, curriculum development, and assessment. Because many empirical studies have proven the validity of concept mapping, a computer-based concept mapping system has been developed. The system provides two learning environments. In the 'construct-by-self' environment, the system provides students with the evaluation results and corresponding hints for feedback. The students construct concept maps by themselves with only the assistance of the feedback. In the 'construct-on-scaffold' environment, in addition to the feedback, the students receive an incomplete concept map, within which some nodes and links were set as blanks for the scaffold. A study comparing the effectiveness of the 'construct-by-self', 'construct-on-scaffold', and 'construct by paper-and-pencil' concept mapping showed that the 'construct-on-scaffold' had better effect for learning on biology. Both of the two computer-based procedures are helpful for students in completing their concept maps.     

Knowledge maps for e-learning

Maps such as concept maps and knowledge maps are often used as learning materials. These maps have nodes and links, nodes as key concepts and links as relationships between key concepts. From a map, the user can recognize the important concepts and the relationships between them. To build concept or knowledge maps, domain experts are needed. Therefore, since these experts are hard to obtain, the cost of map creation is high. In this study, an attempt was made to automatically build a domain knowledge map for e-learning using text mining techniques. From a set of documents about a specific topic, keywords are extracted using the TF/IDF algorithm. A domain knowledge map (K-map) is based on ranking pairs of keywords according to the number of appearances in a sentence and the number of words in a sentence. The experiments analyzed the number of relations required to identify the important ideas in the text. In addition, the experiments compared K-map learning to document learning and found that K-map identifies the more important ideas.     

Knowledge representation framework for interactive capture and management of reflection process in product concepts development

A design process can be characterized by reflection-in-action; that is, the process consists of a series of problem solving activities and each is embodied with a problem and a solution. In this process, a designer represents a hypothetical concept on each design alternative, deploys and verifies the concept from multiple viewpoints considering other alternatives, and modifies it. An advanced integrated design environment should be based on a representation framework that embodies this process of reflection in concept development, which usually remains in the realm of the designer’s tacit knowledge. This paper proposes a knowledge representation framework for an integrated design environment, named DRIFT (Design Representation Integration Framework of Three layers), which interactively captures and manages reflection processes of generating and verifying design concepts. The core of DRIFT is a three-layered design process model of actions, operations, and argumentation. This model integrates various design tools and captures performed design activities. The action level captures the sequence of design operations. The model operation level captures the transition of design states, recording a design snapshot over design tools, which are integrated through ontology-based representation of design concepts. The argumentation level captures the process of defining problems and corresponding alternative solutions. Integration of three levels with a template of design operation extracted from Design-For-X approaches enables a proposed system to interactively and efficiently capture and manage the process of design concept development through operations over design tools. A design operation template works to limit the number of links between the three levels remaining easy to manage its semantics. This paper also demonstrates a prototype implementation of DRIFT and its application to conceptual design of a small mechatronic system with a system modeling method. The paper concludes with a discussion of some future issues.     

Interactive publication: The document as a research tool

The increasing prevalence of multimedia and research data generated by scientific work affords an opportunity to reformulate the idea of a scientific article from the traditional static document, or even one with links to supplemental material in remote databases, to a self-contained, multimedia-rich interactive publication. This paper describes our concept of such a document, and the design of tools for authoring (Forge) and visualization/analysis (Panorama). They are platform-independent applications written in Java, and developed in Eclipse¹ using its Rich Client Platform (RCP) framework. Both applications operate on PDF files with links to XML files that define the media type, location, and action to be performed. We also briefly cite the challenges posed by the potentially large size of interactive publications, the need for evaluating their value to improved comprehension and learning, and the need for their long-term preservation by the National Library of Medicine and other libraries.     

基于云模型的智能教学系统中学习质量的评价

提出将云模型理论应用于智能教学系统的学生模型构建中,建立一种基于云模型的学生学习质量评价方法,利用云对概念的贡献程度进行数据离散化,并引入云变换计算隶属云,最后结合极大判定算法求出更加符合实际的学习质量等级划分。实验结果表明,这种新的评价方法得出的隶属概念不仅能够反映出学生对知识点的掌握程度,还能够反映出学生在学习中的发挥稳定性、心理素质等情况,有利于提高智能教学系统的应用效率。     

Personalized curriculum sequencing utilizing modified item response theory for web-based instruction

Curriculum sequencing is an important research issue for Web-based instruction systems because no fixed learning pathway will be appropriate for all learners. Therefore, many researchers focused on developing e-learning systems with personalized learning mechanism to assist on-line Web-based learning and adaptively provide learning pathways. However, although most personalized systems consider learner preferences, interests and browsing behavior in providing personalized curriculum sequencing services, these systems usually neglect to consider whether learner ability and the difficulty level of the recommended courseware are matched to each other or not. Generally, inappropriate courseware leads to learner cognitive overload or disorientation during learning, thus reducing learning effect. Besides, the problem of concept continuity of learning pathways also needs to be considered while implementing personalized curriculum sequencing. Smoother learning pathways increase learning effect, avoiding unnecessarily difficult concepts. This paper presents a prototype of personalized Web-based instruction system (PWIS) based on the proposed modified Item Response Theory (IRT) to perform personalized curriculum sequencing through simultaneously considering courseware difficulty level, learner's ability and the concept continuity of learning pathways during learning. In the proposed modified IRT, the information function is revised to consider the concept continuity of learning pathway as well as considering the difficulty level of courseware and individual learner ability. Experiment results indicate that applying the proposed modified IRT for Web-based learning can construct suitable learning pathway to learners for personalized learning, and help them to learn more effectively.     

Web-based knowledge exchange through social links in the workplace

Knowledge exchange between employees is an essential feature of recent commercial organisations on the competitive market. Based on the data gathered by various information technology (IT) systems, social links can be extracted and exploited in knowledge exchange systems of a new kind. Users of such a system ask their queries and the system recommends known and unknown experts selected out of user's friends. The friends either provide the solution or forward the query to their friends. By means of the established social paths to experts, the system facilitates informal learning and exchange of latent knowledge between organisation members in their workplace. The overall concept, limitations and detailed features of this novel knowledge exchange system are discussed in the article.     

Spatial learning for navigation in dynamic environments

This article describes techniques that have been developed for spatial learning in dynamic environments and a mobile robot system, ELDEN, that integrates these techniques for exploration and navigation. In this research, we introduce the concept of adaptive place networks, incrementally-constructed spatial representations that incorporate variable-confidence links to model uncertainty about topological adjacency. These networks guide the robot's navigation while constantly adapting to any topological changes that are encountered. ELDEN integrates these networks with a reactive controller that is robust to transient changes in the environment and a relocalization system that uses evidence grids to recalibrate dead reckoning.