基于光照图估计的Retinex低照度图像增强算法

针对低照度环境下采集的图像存在对比度较低、细节丢失、噪声干扰等问题,提出一种基于Retinex的光照图估计改进算法,以实现低照度图像增强.计算R、G、B 3个颜色通道中的最大值,并用L2范数对光照进行近似,运用基于相对总变差形式的改进模型对亮通道进行平滑细化及自适应Gamma校正,并利用Retinex模型进行图像增强.在MATLAB仿真平台上对不同的低照度图像进行增强处理,实验结果表明,与Retinex-Net、SRIE等典型算法相比,该算法能有效提高图像对比度与清晰度,增强图像细节信息,使图像颜色更加鲜艳自然,视觉质量更好.     

基于光照图估计的Retinex低照度图像增强算法

针对低照度环境下采集的图像存在对比度较低、细节丢失、噪声干扰等问题,提出一种基于Retinex的光照图估计改进算法,以实现低照度图像增强.计算R、G、B 3个颜色通道中的最大值,并用L2范数对光照进行近似,运用基于相对总变差形式的改进模型对亮通道进行平滑细化及自适应Gamma校正,并利用Retinex模型进行图像增强.在MATLAB仿真平台上对不同的低照度图像进行增强处理,实验结果表明,与Retinex-Net、SRIE等典型算法相比,该算法能有效提高图像对比度与清晰度,增强图像细节信息,使图像颜色更加鲜艳自然,视觉质量更好.     

高动态范围图像增强算法

针对显示设备无法还原高动态范围图像的真实效果,提出一种基于分层色阶映射的图像增强算法。该算法首先通过Retinex模型与快速双边滤波算法估计光照图像。然后利用高斯混合模型和期望最大算法将光照图像概率分布分割为多层高斯模型混合而成。并通过迭代获得各高斯概率层对应的最优校正系数。最后叠加各层并获得增强后的光照图像。实验证明,该算法在整体上实现了图像动态范围的压缩,图像增强效果明显。     

泡沫图像统计建模与恒常颜色校正算法研究

由于浮选现场的恶劣环境和复杂光照等问题,将导致采集到的泡沫图像不可避免地发生色偏.为了消除以上不利影响,提高后续颜色特征提取的准确性,本文提出了一种基于图像统计建模的泡沫图像恒常颜色校正算法.首先,通过对泡沫图像统计特性的分析,利用Contourlet变换和广义高斯分布函数对图像进行统计建模.其次,选取颜色恒常性标准图像库(Gray-ball)中已知真实光照的标准图像作为训练样本,建立其统计模型参数集,分别选用常用的5种颜色恒常性算法对其进行颜色校正,并以最小角度误差为每幅标准图像标记最佳颜色恒常性算法.最后,利用K最近邻分类算法将待校正的泡沫图像分至对应的恒常算法中,该算法即为原始泡沫图像的最佳恒常颜色校正算法.实验结果证明,该算法能够获得较好的颜色校正效果.     

一种煤矿井下低照度图像增强算法

针对多尺度Retinex算法在处理煤矿井下低照度图像时存在细节增强不足和耗时等问题,提出了一种基于光照校正的快速多尺度Retinex算法对煤矿井下低照度图像进行增强。该算法通过计算高斯模糊后图像的每个像素点的亮度值,将图像划分为暗调区域和高光区域,并对不同区域进行光照校正,从而降低高光区域的亮度,保证不过分曝光,同时提升较暗区域的亮度,凸显更多细节信息;利用三次快速均值滤波代替高斯滤波来估计光照强度,减少算法耗时。实验结果表明,该算法能有效提高图像的亮度和对比度,增强图像中暗调区域和高光区域的细节,具有较快的处理速度。     

多重光照色差下图像平滑美化处理算法

夜间多重光照下采集的图像存在色差,采用白平衡偏差补偿方法实现夜间多重光照下图像的平滑美化处理,以提高图像的成像质量。传统的图像平滑算法采用循环跟踪像素点特征提取算法,出现白平衡偏差时图像的色差补偿效果不好。提出一种基于白平衡偏差补偿的夜间多重光照下的色差图像平滑算法。首先进行图像特征采集和自适应均衡预处理,对夜间多重光照下的色差图像进行白平衡偏差补偿,然后采用图像盲去卷积算法进行图像平滑,通过目标特征模型在空间上的相似度函数来确定图像光照色差的特征权值,沿梯度方向求得图像边缘信息,再通过特征聚类对夜间多重光照色差图像自动划分目标空间,最大程度地对夜间多重光照下的色差图像的细节特征进行平滑美化。仿真结果表明,采用该算法进行白平衡偏差补偿的夜间多重光照色差下的图像平滑美化处理方法具有较好的图像平滑性能,计算开销较小,图像的细节特征平滑效果最佳,其优于传统算法。     

结合细节信息的自适应Retinex算法水下图像增强

针对Retinex算法应用于水下图像增强中,常出现颜色失真与图像细节增强相矛盾的现象,提出了结合细节信息的自适应多尺度Retinex水下图像增强算法。分析包含不同细节信息的水下图像对Retinex算法增强中卷积函数尺度大小的选择要求;采用图像梯度作为调节因子,自适应调整多尺度Retinex算子的权重,用于适应包含不同细节信息的水下图像对对比度增强的要求,有效地缓和了水下图像增强在颜色失真和细节对比度提升之间的矛盾。多组实验验证了该算法在去除水下图像的蓝绿背景、避免颜色失真、消除非均匀光照和图像细节增强等方面均优于传统多尺度和颜色保真的多尺度Retinex算法。     

基于色度学与形态学相结合的细胞识别研究

针对受外界光照环境的影响,尤其是光源颜色,采集来的彩色图像经常会发生彩色偏移,可以采用一种白平衡算法进行校正.白平衡会按目前画像中图像特性,调整整个图像红绿蓝三色的强度,以修正外部光线所造成的误差.从而在一定程度上解决了由光照引起的图像彩色偏移,使得检测结果更稳健.原图像经处理后用闽值分割法把细胞成分从背景中分割出来,最后对二值图进行边界跟踪等处理.经过膨胀腐蚀可以获得区域的外轮廓,以及该区域的内部轮廓,提取特征参数输入神经网络进行训练识别.实验结果表明,识别率得到了较大地提高.     

视觉机制引导的非均匀光照图像二次曝光

针对非均匀光照图像不能满足"视觉匹配"的问题, 依据人眼视觉机制提出了非均匀光照图像二次曝光算法. 首先, 融合退化过程模拟模型(Degradation process simulation model, DPSM)和Retinex模型得到了非均匀光照图像的成像模型, 利用修正的变分Retinex求解方法,获取乘性光照图像; 在人眼视觉阈值性的引导下去除加性光照图像, 获取反射图像; 依据视觉感光适应性对乘性光照图像进行动态范围调整, 并同反射图像相乘获取全局增强结果; 将全局增强结果同原始图像融合, 并对低照度区域进行颜色校正, 获取"视觉匹配"结果. 实验证明本文算法的场景再现结果可以较好地满足"视觉匹配", 性能达到或者超越了现有算法.     

基于多尺度特征融合生成对抗网络的水下图像增强

针对水下退化图像细节模糊、对比度低和蓝绿色偏问题,提出了一种基于多尺度特征融合生成对抗网络的水下图像增强算法。算法以生成对抗网络为基本框架,结合传统白平衡算法和多尺度增强网络实现对水下退化图像的增强。通过改进的通道补偿白平衡算法矫正蓝绿色偏,并以卷积神经网络提取偏色校正后图像的特征;提取图像多尺度特征,结合提出的残差密集块将每一层的局部特征增强为捕获语义信息的全局特征,并与偏色校正图像的特征相融合;通过重建模块将融合特征重建为清晰图像,恢复图像的细节信息。实验结果表明,该算法增强的水下图像去雾效果较好且颜色更真实,有效改善了水下图像色偏和模糊的问题,在主观指标和客观指标上的实验结果均优于对比算法。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.