交流变频电加热技术在高凝油生产中的应用

提出了一种在石油开采中应用的采油油管变频加热技术,它利用油井中的采油工作油管作为热源体,将电能转化成热能直接对油井油管内的液体进行加热,达到降凝化蜡目的.该项技术所需电能由三相配电变压器输出,经AC-DC-AC逆变电路输出,将电能直接输送到油井内的工作油管,经油管下部的油套管连接器连接到套管,形成一个完整的回路.该项技术有效地解决了电网扰动和油井采油工作套管严重结蜡的问题.     

中频油管电加热技术在油田热采中的应用

本文提出一种中频油管电加热技术,它利用油井中的油管做热源体,将电能转化成热能直接加热井筒内的液体.电能由三相配电变压器输出,经AC -DC- AC逆变电路输出电能传送到油管,经油管下部的油套管接触器连接到套管,形成一个完整的回路.本技术有效地解决了电网扰动和采油油管结蜡问题.     

油井电磁清蜡器中电磁-热耦合场的数值模拟

为了减少感应加热对电磁清蜡器腔管的热蚀,提高电磁清蜡器的使用寿命,在分析油井电磁清蜡器感应加热过程的基础上,利用ANSYS的APLD语言建立了电磁清蜡器的电磁热耦合场有限元模型.重点对油井电磁清蜡器处理腔管中的电磁—热耦合场进行了仿真分析,得出了腔管内外壁的温度分布规律.仿真结果表明:电磁感应加热5s,钢管表面温度升高至175.128℃;加热10s钢管表面温度达到了343.286℃,避免了常规电阻式加热钢管明显的温升滞后现象,体现了电磁感应加热的升温速度快的特点,20s后钢管内的温度分布比较均匀,钢管总体温度在490～ 569℃的范围内,钢管内壁与钢管表面温差在77.323℃以下.     

油套管在线测长与称重系统设计与开发

随着世界浅层石油资源不断减少,石油开采不断向地球深处延伸,最深的油井已经超过一万米,假如油套管的米重每增加0.1kg,整个重量就会增加1000kg,会大大增加油管连接螺纹受力,极有可能出现油管螺纹失效,继而油管掉井的风险。因此每支钢管的几何尺寸及长度、米重必须满足API(美国石油协会)标准要求。为满足用户要求,设计开发了钢管在线测长称重系统,该系统包括钢管测长、称重、喷标及数据管理四个模块,文中重点叙述系统在线测长、称重的构成、原理与实现过程。通过在线测长称重系统应用,成功实现油套管生产过程中单支测长、称重和特殊标志喷标技术,以及根据米重与长度自动判别油套管好坏,达到了API标准。     

抽油机电参数远程智能故障诊断技术研究

针对抽油机在运行时易出现异常工况的问题,对基于电参数信息的抽油机井远程故障诊断方法进行了研究。讨论了故障诊断时电能参数推算变量的测量与计算方法,并将其集成到相关的故障诊断系统中。鉴于诊断模型获取的故障模态的实时性和可靠性,利用fuzzy-ARTMAP神经网络建立了抽油机井电能信息诊断模型。最终的现场试验结果验证了该方法在油井远程故障诊断方面的有效性,表明该项技术具有一定的实用和推广价值。     

油田油井监控系统的设计和研究

大庆油田油井分布较偏远,不太集中,管理油井需要大量的人力和物力,因此,有些时候油井出现问题不能被及时的发现和处理,会耽误油井的产量,油井工作状况的监测和控制,一直是采油场一项重要和困难的内容,一般的油井大多为采油工定期做检查。设计一个系统能实现远程监控,无线遥测遥控主机将检测到的单口采油井的状态,通过无线方式传送给监控中心,从而实现各单井状态的集中监控,减少人员投入,缩短油井故障发现和排除时间,极大的提高了生产效率。     

基于GPRS的油井远程监控系统设计

针对当今油井现场作业情况监控的缺陷,研究、设计并实现了基于GPRS模块的油井远程监控系统。系统综合应用了先进MCGS工控组态软件、GPRS模块、信号检测与处理等技术对油井现场进行了有效地监控,能对各种数据进行方便地统计和查询。通过模拟调试验证了结合上位机和下位机对油井大钩负荷、原油油管压力和油管内原油温度的远程监测和现场监控。     

太阳能油井集群测控系统的应用研究

本文介绍一种利用太阳能供电,以示功图监测法判断采油设备工作状态,并通过GPRS网络监控油井采油设施的太阳能油井集群测控系统的软硬件设计方案。     

抽油机冲次自动调节技术研究与应用

随着青海油田数字化油田的不断建设与完善,大部分油水井均已实现井口各项参数的实时采集、传输、计算、诊断、发布等功能,为油井的正常生产提供了及时、准确的数据支持。抽油机采油作为采油井的一种生产方式,其运行参数(包括冲程、冲次、最大最小载荷等)的调整对油井的高效生产起着至关重要的作用。本文描述了如何充分利用数字化油田中油井远程自动化采集装置所实时采集的采油井的各项生产参数(示功图、功率、电压、电流),通过控制现场抽油机变频控制器的频率输出,最终实现对抽油机冲次实时调节的全闭环智能控制。     

油田油井自动化监控系统解决方案

1系统概述油田油井大多都分布在各采油场,油井工作状况的监测和控制,一直是采油场一项重要和困难的内容,一般的油井大多为油井巡视员或维修工定期巡回检查,随着油田现代化管理水平的不断提高,早期的巡视员方式已逐渐被油井无人值守所代替。利用我公司的工业控制技术,整合出适合     

有杆抽油泵工作行为仿真软件设计与实现

提高有杆抽油泵系统工作效率是油田企业最为关注的问题，利用计算机仿真技术研究有杆抽油泵系统，对不同工况、不同抽汲参数及不同系统配置情况下的抽油泵系统工作性能进行仿真，进而优化配套有杆抽油泵系统、提高系统效率，对油田生产具有重大的意义。该文着重阐述了有杆抽油泵工作行为仿真系统的设计思想、系统功能和实现方法，利用Visual Basic6．0程序设计语言，开发了完全基于Windows的有杆抽油泵系统工作行为仿真软件，该软件仿真精度高，使用维护方便，具有较高的实用价值。     

基于B/S模式的有杆抽油泵故障诊断系统研制

有杆抽油方法是国内外应用最为广泛的一种人工举升采油法,但有杆抽油泵所处的复杂和恶劣的环境,经常会导致有杆抽油泵系统发生故障,严重地影响油田的正常生产。开发基于网络的有杆抽油泵故障诊断系统,及时准确地了解有杆抽油泵系统工作状况,明确油井生产存在的问题,为制定合理的技术措施提供技术依据,这对避免井下作业的盲目性、降低采油成本和提高油井的科学管理水平具有重要的意义。本文着重阐述了基于B/S模式的有杆抽油泵故障诊断系统的设计思想、系统功能和实现方法,该系统实现对有杆抽油泵快速、准确的故障诊断,用户端为统一的浏览器,使用维护方便,具有较高的实用价值。     

Sucker rod pumping diagnosis using valve working position and parameter optimal continuous hidden Markov model

Down-hole operating condition diagnosis based on dynamometer card is a key subject for sucker rod pumping in oil extraction engineering. In this technology, feature extraction and diagnostic model are two indispensable elements. To accurately and automatically diagnose the operating condition by computer, a novel diagnostic method for sucker rod pumping is proposed. The first novel idea is to extract seven geometric features, which are obtained from dynamometer card using barycentric decomposition algorithm and valve working position. The second novel idea focuses on the use of continuous hidden Markov model (CHMM) to create classifiers for diagnosing the down-dole operating conditions and then clonal selection algorithm (CSA) is used to optimize the selection of initial parameters for CHMM. Finally, the proposed method is tested on an oil field dynamometer card set. Furthermore, this technique is compared with some other existing approaches. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance using the method proposed in this paper is satisfactory.     

抽油机井生产过程优化方法的仿真研究

针对有杆泵抽油机井生产过程的特点,在就如何提高效率对有杆泵的数学模型建立及参数优选方法进行了深入的研究,并以产液量为目标函数对抽汲参数及下泵深度采用了模糊 经方法,利用现场数据进行了仿真实验,其结果对于提高产液量系统效率和节能具有重要意义。     

Study of upper ocean parameters during passage of tropical cyclones over Indian seas

The primary energy supply for tropical cyclones is the upward latent heat fluxes that are directly related to Sea Surface Temperatures (SST). The strong winds induce a negative SST anomaly in the tropical cyclone wake. This is usually referred to as the ‘cold wake’. Many studies have suggested that the cold wake results in a significant reduction of upward latent heat fluxes that supply energy to the tropical cyclone, and hence provides a negative feedback on its intensity. The cold-wake feedback on the intensity of tropical cyclones is a strong motivation to understand the oceanic response to tropical cyclones. A recent study of re-examining the mechanisms controlling the cold wake has shown the importance of vertical Ekman pumping. Under the core of tropical cyclones (typically over a disk of 100 km radius), vertical pumping is responsible for a cooling of the entire water column, while surface heat fluxes and vertical mixing both contribute to the surface cooling during the cyclone passage. Farther away from the cyclone core, vertical mixing generally overwhelms the effect of vertical pumping, and also the effect of heat fluxes in the case of strong tropical cyclones. The study examines the Ekman pumping during the passage of few cyclonic storms in the Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BOB) during last decade using different datasets such as Satellite (QuikScat) and reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data and calls up the value for satellite deliverables. Surface currents and subsurface temperature structure is examined further and for different Ekman pumping velocity (EPV), variable subsurface response is illustrated. The changes in ocean surface temperature, sea level and heat content obtained from the remote sensing data products, in the wake of cyclone are also reported and thus the usefulness of satellite products to study the coupled tropical system is demonstrated.     

基于多示例多标记的抽油机故障诊断

针对抽油机工况数据可从位移、载荷、电流等多个方面进行描述,若仅仅使用一个特征向量来描述抽油机工况数据会使其信息过于简化,丢失一部分有效信息的问题,以及工况数据具有多义性的特征,提出基于多示例多标记的抽油机故障诊断.该学习方法中,用抽油机的位移、载荷、电流数据作为抽油机工况样本包的多个示例,使用k-medoids聚类算法对样本包进行聚类,将多个样本包转换为若干示例,新示例的每一维表示样本包到样本各聚类中心的距离,再利用MLSVM算法对转换后的多标记问题进行求解.实验结果表明,多示例多标记学习能够及时、准确地诊断出抽油机故障问题.     

Power conversion optimization for hydraulic systems controlled by variable speed drives

Pumps are widely used in various domestic and industrial applications, such as in water and waste water, food and beverage, and oil and gas applications. In most cases, a pump is controlled by an asynchronous motor which converts the electrical power into the mechanical power required for the pump operation. The motor can be either connected directly to the mains (DOL) or controlled by a variable speed drive (VSD). The energy management of a global pumping system becomes very important to reduce the energy cost of the installations and optimize the maintenance cost, for instance, by increasing the lifetime of the equipment. A VSD is essential to increase the energy efficiency of the overall pump system. A VSD allows delivering all possible mechanical working points (speed, torque), and consequently, only the mechanical power required by the system. Furthermore, a VSD plays an important role in optimizing the electrical energy consumed by the motor as a function of the mechanical energy provided to the pump. This is achieved by minimizing the electrical heat energy losses. In this paper, we propose an original method for electrical energy optimization for a complete pump system including a motor and drive. The objective is to determine the optimal pump speed that minimizes the electrical energy consumption for a hydraulic operating system point. We model the system including a VSD, a motor, a pump, and the hydraulic application. Subsequently, we define the process optimization problem for a single pump and multiple pumps systems. For the single pump system, we demonstrate that the solution of the optimization problem is equivalent to minimization of the drive and motor losses. For the multiple pumps system, we show that we must also optimize the pump losses. For the hydraulic system using multiple pumps, the process demand is actually shared between these pumps. Thus, the speed of each pump is set such that the total energy consumption of the global pumping system is optimized. The simulation and experimental results exhibit the relevance of this power optimization approach for hydraulic pumping systems.     

提高油井效率的方法和节能措施

抽油机是大庆油田的主要采油设备,但抽油机老化现象比较严重,造成设备利用率低、能耗大.对抽油机能耗大的主要原因进行分析,包括冲次偏大、电机装机功率偏大、泵型偏小等.分析抽油机经济寿命和现有老井抽油机现状可知,更新改造抽油机还有较大的空间和潜力.采用一些方法,能够提高油井的效率,从而能够降低抽油机能耗.     

螺杆泵采油过程的动力学控制模型

针对地面驱动单螺杆泵运动过程中存在的电机的启动、螺杆泵抽油杆柱与井壁的碰撞等非线性问题,在有限元分析的基础上,建立了一种螺杆泵采油过程的动力学控制模型.该模型模拟了螺杆泵生产时的实际状况,考虑了电机启动和抽油杆柱横向运动的影响,通过描述杆柱运动时6个方向的位移,得到了杆柱在任意时刻、任意位置的扭矩、侧向力及杆管间的接触程度等重要参数,实现了螺杆泵采油过程的动态控制.在油田现场投入使用后,能够满足现场需要.