基于ETM+和CBERS数据的甘肃北山音凹峡地区镁铁超镁铁岩体识别

镁铁-超镁铁质小岩体易被地质填图遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。以甘肃北山音凹峡地区为研究区,首先利用比值法、最小噪声分离法处理ETM+数据增强镁铁-超镁铁质岩体;对于规模较小的小岩体,采用ETM+和中巴资源卫星02B HR数据进行分辨率融合后进行解译、识别。通过将上述3种方法处理结果综合分析后共解译出6处镁铁-超镁铁岩体集中区。经野外检查,6处区域均与遥感分析结果吻合,证实了方法的有效性。该方法可以为西部地区地质填图和镁铁-超镁铁岩相关矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩全谱段遥感识别模型

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的遥感岩性识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一,其岩石信息对于岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的预测十分重要。提出一种综合利用Landsat 8、ASTER和PALSAR-2数据的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石全谱段遥感识别模型：通过对野外采集岩石样品及光谱库中相关岩石矿物的可见光―热红外谱域的光谱测试与特性分析,结合岩石表面微波散射特性,应用特征空间,贝叶斯线性判别分析、逐步偏最小二乘回归分析等方法,创建镁铁质―超镁铁质岩性指数,并利用提出的岩性指数进行镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的初步提取,再经过基于贝叶斯决策理论的融合处理得到最终的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石信息。结果表明:该模型能够对镁铁质―超镁铁质岩进行精准定位,识别精度达到94%以上。此外,根据遥感岩性、构造特征的解译与区内已知铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿岩体比较,推断出位于赤石山―小长山―中坡山一带以及小青山附近岩体具有一定的成矿潜力。     

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩全谱段遥感识别模型

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的遥感岩性识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一，其岩石信息对于岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的预测十分重要。提出一种综合利用Landsat 8、ASTER和PALSAR-2数据的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石全谱段遥感识别模型：通过对野外采集岩石样品及光谱库中相关岩石矿物的可见光―热红外谱域的光谱测试与特性分析，结合岩石表面微波散射特性，应用特征空间，贝叶斯线性判别分析、逐步偏最小二乘回归分析等方法，创建镁铁质―超镁铁质岩性指数，并利用提出的岩性指数进行镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的初步提取，再经过基于贝叶斯决策理论的融合处理得到最终的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石信息。结果表明:该模型能够对镁铁质―超镁铁质岩进行精准定位，识别精度达到94%以上。此外，根据遥感岩性、构造特征的解译与区内已知铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿岩体比较，推断出位于赤石山―小长山―中坡山一带以及小青山附近岩体具有一定的成矿潜力。     

基于ASTER数据的巴里坤地区蚀变矿物填图及找矿

ASTER图像被广泛应用于蚀变矿物填图中,但综合采用多种方法并对结果进行优选的研究鲜有报道。以新疆巴里坤县三道岭地区为研究区,综合采用比值法和主成分分析法处理ASTER数据进行蚀变矿物填图,利用已知矿点、小岩体、构造、化探异常等信息对各种方法提取的遥感异常结果进行对比、筛选,进而选取最优结果,之后结合地质、化探异常综合分析圈定了15处靶区,通过对其中9处靶区进行野外检查发现铜、金矿化点7处。结果表明多种蚀变矿物填图方法对比、优选较单一处理方法更为有效。     

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩全谱段遥感识别模型

镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的遥感岩性识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一,其岩石信息对于岩浆型铜镍硫化物矿床的预测十分重要。提出一种综合利用Landsat 8、ASTER和PALSAR-2数据的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石全谱段遥感识别模型:通过对野外采集岩石样品及光谱库中相关岩石矿物的可见光―热红外谱域的光谱测试与特性分析,结合岩石表面微波散射特性,应用特征空间,贝叶斯线性判别分析、逐步偏最小二乘回归分析等方法,创建镁铁质―超镁铁质岩性指数,并利用提出的岩性指数进行镁铁质―超镁铁质岩的初步提取,再经过基于贝叶斯决策理论的融合处理得到最终的镁铁质―超镁铁质岩石信息。结果表明:该模型能够对镁铁质―超镁铁质岩进行精准定位,识别精度达到94%以上。此外,根据遥感岩性、构造特征的解译与区内已知铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿岩体比较,推断出位于赤石山―小长山―中坡山一带以及小青山附近岩体具有一定的成矿潜力。     

埃塞俄比亚西部岩浆熔离型铁矿遥感找矿模型

为解决在地质资料匮乏的情况下发挥多源遥感数据优势开展地质找矿研究这一科学问题,以非洲埃塞俄比亚西部研究区为例,选取ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达数据为数据源,针对研究区重点类型铁矿--岩浆熔离型铁矿建立了其遥感找矿模型,提取与成矿作用相关的蚀变、构造、岩体信息。研究基于ASTER遥感数据,通过比值、主成分方法进行蚀变信息提取研究,并基于ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达融合数据进行控矿构造及赋矿岩体信息提取研究。最终通过综合分析,基于ArcGIS平台圈定了3处遥感找矿靶区。研究结果与1∶25万地球化学数据对比,具有很高一致性,表明遥感找矿模型能够快速、准确地进行找矿靶区预测。     

新疆加甫沙尔苏地区中酸性小岩体型矿化蚀变遥感异常提取与找矿

中酸性小岩体的内部及附近的围岩中常形成与岩浆岩体有关的大型、超大型矿床,已成为找矿工作的一个重点方向。由于地质工作程度的限制,中酸性小岩体易被遗漏,严重制约了该类型矿化的发现。在新疆西准噶尔达尔布特断裂带下盘加甫沙尔苏地区找矿工作中,通过综合分析,提出了以遥感手段为主导的中酸性小岩体型矿化找矿模型:利用ASTER数据,通过图像增强处理、图像解译识别中酸性小岩体并提取蚀变遥感异常,结合地质、化探信息综合分析后确定重点检查区域。野外检查发现了加甫沙尔苏斑岩型钼矿化点,证实了该方法的有效性。该方法可以为西部地区中酸性小岩体型矿产资源勘查提供借鉴。     

基于遥感示矿信息的秘鲁阿雷基帕省南部斑岩铜矿遥感综合评价

在总结秘鲁南部地区斑岩铜矿成矿地质规律的基础上,分析了研究区控矿构造和赋矿岩层、矿化蚀变类型等成控矿地质特征;并根据研究区斑岩铜矿典型蚀变带蚀变矿物组合及其波谱特征,利用美国地质勘查局(USGS)波谱数据库,重建了斑岩铜矿典型蚀变带主要蚀变矿物在ASTER卫星数据B1～B9对应的反射率曲线,综合对比分析主要蚀变矿物的波谱曲线特征后,研发了基于ASTER数据B1467和B1348主成分分析模型,可分别提取典型蚀变带中泥化—绢英岩化类和青磐岩化蚀变矿物组合信息,并分别提取了研究区泥化—绢英岩化类和青磐岩化带蚀变矿物组合信息,为研究区斑岩型铜矿的遥感综合评价提供了重要的示矿标志;同时,采用人机交互遥感解译技术,获取了斑岩铜矿控矿构造、矿源层与赋矿岩石等示矿信息.最后,基于遥感技术获取的线性与环形控矿构造、矿源层与赋矿岩石、泥化—绢英岩化类和青磐岩化带蚀变矿物组合等遥感示矿信息,完成了研究区遥感找矿综合评价,圈定出遥感找矿有利区,经与已知斑岩铜矿床和物化探资料对比,以及高分辨卫星图像佐证,发现遥感评价结果具有很好的效果.     

东昆仑浅覆盖区遥感蚀变异常提取与分析

针对在地表被沉积物覆盖的地区开展遥感蚀变矿物信息提取存在很大困难这一问题,以超大型镍矿——东昆仑夏日哈木地区及与其临区为实验区,在分析区内蚀变矿物光谱特征后,利用ASTER和WorldView-2遥感数据,通过主成分分析法提取遥感蚀变异常,并对其分布特征和地质意义进行分析,进而探讨浅覆盖区遥感蚀变异常有效识别与地质应用问题。实验表明:浅覆盖的东昆仑地区,只要地表含有一定的蚀变矿物,在测试并分析蚀变矿物光谱特征后再提取蚀变信息会有效提高结果的精确性;利用WorldView-2数据提取的高分铁染异常与研究区存在的地面探槽及已知矿床的开采范围高度吻合,且很小面积的异常区也被有效捕捉,显示出WorldView-2数据较ASTER数据能够更精确地识别铁染异常,这为今后快速寻找存在"铁帽"的矿床提供了一个高精度指示线索。     

基于背景多层次分离的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取模型及应用实例

基于背景多层次分离的遥感矿化蚀变信息提取模型,以地物的波谱特征和遥感技术的物理机制为基础,以"矿化蚀变岩波谱特征分析—视反射率图像计算—"背景"多层次分离—蚀变信息增强—蚀变信息提取"为技术流程,能快速、准确地提取矿化蚀变信息。以新疆焉耆县哈都虎拉山一带为研究区,以最新的Landsat8-OLI多光谱数据为数据源,将该模型用于提取研究区的黄钾铁矾蚀变岩石信息,共提取出80余处黄钾铁矾蚀变岩石出露点,其中有两处黄钾铁矾蚀变岩石集中分布区,为研究区的找矿工作提供了重要线索。     

Mapping the Buraburi granite in the Himalaya of Western Nepal: Remote sensing analysis in a collisional belt with vegetation cover and extreme variation of topography

The aim of the present study is to define the most suitable methodologies for ASTER data pre-processing and analysis in order to enhance peraluminous granitoid rocks in rugged and vegetated areas.The research started with raw image data pre-processing and continued with a comparison of satellite, field and laboratory data. The masking technique adopted to isolate rocky pixels was of fundamental importance to perform further analysis. An integration of density-sliced images and false colour composite images of Band Ratio, Relative Absorption Band Depth and Principal Component Analysis allowed us to generate a geological map that highlights a new granitoid body (Buraburi Granite) and the surrounding host rocks in the Dolpo region (western Nepal). The Buraburi Granite was mapped and sampled integrating remotely sensed ASTER data with analysis of rocks and minerals spectral signatures.The innovative approach that we have adopted considers the absorption features of particular lichen species (acidophilic). The results highlight the importance of considering acidophilic lichen means of detecting granitoid rocks. Furthermore, since peraluminous granitoids (i.e. Buraburi granite) have a considerable Al2O3 bulk rock content, the Muscovite Al-OH absorption peaks centred in the 6th ASTER band were also considered an important parameter for their detection.Field observations confirm the results of remote sensing analysis showing the intrusive relationship between the newly discovered 110 km² granitoid body and the wall rocks of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline and the Tibetan Sedimentary Sequence.In conclusion, the proposed methods have great potential for granitoid mapping in vegetated and rough terrains, particularly those with climatic and geological conditions similar to the ones of the Southern Himalayan belt.     

ASTER spectral analysis of ultramafic lamprophyres (carbonatites and aillikites) within the Batain Nappe,northeastern margin of Oman: a proposal developed for spectral absorption

We developed a scientific proposal on spectral absorption in remote sensing and a new image-processing method that is purely based on multispectral satellite image spectra to map ultramafic lamprophyre and carbonatite occurrences. The proposed method provides a simple, yet efficient, tool that will help exploration geologists. In this proposal, in which the spectral absorption is applicable to all satellite images obtained in visible, reflected infrared, and thermal infrared spectral wavelength regions, we found that the carbonatites appear white in colour on a greyscale or RGB thermal infrared image obtained in the thermal infrared wavelength region (3–15 μm) due to molecular emission of thermal energy by such carbonate content, particularly the wavelength recorded by the sensor and that the variation of absorption in spectral bands of an outcrop is due to the differences in percentage of carbonate content or the spectral, spatial, radiometric, or temporal resolution of satellite data or the occurrences of carbonatites to incident energy. The results were confirmed by studying the spectral absorption characteristics of carbonatites in selected world occurrences including parts of Batain Nappe, Oman; Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), Spain; Mount Homa, Kenya; Ol Doinyo Lengai, Tanzania; Mount Weld region, (Laverton), Australia, and Phalaborwa region, South Africa, using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data. A subsequent study of visible near-infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) ASTER spectral bands of Early Cretaceous alkaline ultramafic rocks of Batain Nappe, along the northeastern margin of Oman to map for the occurrences of carbonatite and aillikite (ultramafic lamprophyres) dikes and plugs, showed their detection mainly by the diagnostic CO₃ absorption (2.31–2.33 μm) in ASTER SWIR band 8. The results of image interpretations were verified and confirmed in the field and were validated through the study of laboratory analyses. A few more carbonatite dike occurrences were interpreted directly over the greyscale image of ASTER bands and true-colour interpretations of a Google Earth image along this margin. The carbonatites and aillikite occurrences of the area are rich in apatite, iron oxide, phlogopite, and REE-rich minerals and warrant new exploration projects.     

Lithologic mapping in the Oscar II Coast area,Graham Land,Antarctic Peninsula using ASTER data

The results of the first attempt to use Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for the purposes of lithologic mapping on the Antarctic Peninsula are presented for an area on the Oscar II Coast, eastern Graham Land. This study included undertaking laboratory reflectance spectroscopy of ～70 rock samples from the study area and spectral lithologic analysis of two ASTER scenes. Spectra of the granitoids, silicic volcanic/volcaniclastic and terrestrial sedimentary rocks in the study area display a limited range of absorption features associated with muscovite, smectite and chlorite that are generally present as the alteration products of regional metamorphism. ASTER data analysis was undertaken using the reflective bands of the Level 1B registered radiance at-sensor data and the standard thermal infrared (TIR) emissivity product (AST05). For both wavelength regions, standard qualitative image processing methods were employed to define image end-members that were used as reference within Matched Filter (MF) processing procedures. The results were interpreted with reference to existing field observations, and photogeologic analysis of the ASTER visible to near-infrared (VNIR)/shortwave infrared (SWIR) data was used to resolve ambiguities in the spectral mapping results. The results have enabled the discrimination of most of the major lithologic groups within the study area as well as delineation of hydrothermal alteration zones of propylitic, and argillic grades associated with the Mesozoic Mapple Formation volcanics. The results have extended the mapped coverage of the Mapple Formation into un-investigated regions further north and validated previously inferred geological observations concerning other rocks throughout the study area. The outcomes will enable important revisions to be made to the existing geological map of the Oscar II Coast and demonstrate that ASTER data offers potential for improving geological mapping coverage across the Antarctic Peninsula.     

Evaluation of geophysics and spaceborne multispectral data for alteration mapping in the Sar Cheshmeh mining area,Iran

The Sar Cheshmeh porphyry copper deposit is located in the Central Iranian Volcanic-Sedimentary Belt (CIVSB). The hydrothermal alteration zones are well developed within and around the porphyry stock. Given the poor soil and vegetation cover in this area, we evaluated the usefulness of multispectral remote sensing data derived from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM⁺) images and airborne magnetic–radiometric data for hydrothermal alteration mapping at a local scale. Principal component analysis (PCA), band ratios and the spectral angle mapper (SAM) technique were applied to the multispectral data sets to map hydrothermally altered rocks. PCA and band ratios were also applied to the airborne geophysical data. The overall results showed that the multispectral remote sensing data sets resulted in more accurate hydrothermal alteration mapping and lithological discrimination in the study area as compared with the airborne geophysical data. The radiometric data are also useful in enhancing areas with potassic alteration.     

The evaluation of digitally enhanced Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data for lithological and structural mapping

The potential of digitally enhanced Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data for preparation of lithological and structural maps is explored in two test sites representing different geological settings in parts of Karnataka. Test site 1 is an area around Mattod, which mainly consists of Chitradurga rocks and peninsular gneiss, and the terrain is characterized by bare soil and is devoid of thick vegetation. Test site 2 is an area around the Bababudan belt, which mainly comprised of Bababudan and Chitradurga rocks and peninsular gneiss, and the major part of the area is covered under thick vegetation. Different digital enhancement techniques have been performed, and the expression of different lithological and structural features in the digitally enhanced products were qualitatively assessed. Based on this assessment, only those products which offered additional information than the standard false colour component (FCC) were selected and utilized along with standard FCC in the preparation of geological and structural maps. Attempts have been made to understand the advantages and limitations of using optical remote sensing data for deriving lithological and structural details. The maps created through using digitally enhanced IRS data have helped to revise/modify the existing geological map prepared through conventional method of mapping to considerable extent in terms of refined lithological boundaries, delineation of unmapped rock units, mapping of lineaments, and their networks. The results of the study has clearly brought out the fact that the geological map prepared from the optical remote sensing data at a shorter time interval is broadly comparable to that of the geological map prepared through conventional techniques over several years. Also the study has highlighted that the broad-band spectral resolution optical remote sensing data can be effectively utilized for lithological and structural demarcation, only when the terrain is: (i) exposed with rock outcrops and their weathered derivatives; (ii) characterized by rock units which greatly differ in terms of physico-chemical properties; and (iii) devoid of vegetation cover.