永磁同步电机模型预测转矩控制模糊排序法研究

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)模型预测转矩控制(MPTC)中成本函数权重系数难以设计和调节的问题, 以降低逆变器开关频率的多目标控制问题为例, 本文研究了基于排序法的模型预测转矩控制策略. 本文通过优先级的设计解决了排序过程中最优电压矢量解不唯一的问题. 考虑到控制目标重要性并不完全等同, 提出了一种带有缩放因子的排序优化方法, 利用缩放因子来调节控制目标的重要程度. 不同于连续变化的权重系数, 缩放因子的作用效果具有离散分段特性, 因此其调整过程可得到有效简化. 本文进一步提出了基于模糊排序法的模型预测转矩控制策略, 实现了缩放因子的动态优化, 从而更好地适应电机不断变化的运行状态. 仿真结果表明, 与固定权重系数的传统模型预测转矩控制相比, 本文所提控制策略可降低系统的平均开关频率、转矩与磁链脉动, 并可有效抑制动态条件下的转矩和磁链脉动. 实时性实验结果表明, 排序法不会严重降低模型预测转矩控制的实时性.     

Relaxed fuzzy control synthesis of nonlinear networked systems under unreliable communication links

This paper proposes relaxed conditions for control synthesis of discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy control systems under unreliable communication links. To widen the applicability of the fuzzy control approach under network environments, a novel fuzzy controller, which is homogenous polynomially parameter-dependent on both the current-time normalized fuzzy weighting functions and the multi-steps-past normalized fuzzy weighting functions, is provided to make much more use of the information of the underlying system. Moreover, a new kind of slack variable approach is also developed and thus the algebraic properties of these multi-instant normalized fuzzy weighting functions are collected into some augmented matrices. As a result, the conservatism of control synthesis of discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy control systems under unreliable communication links can be significantly reduced. Two illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical development.     

Guaranteed cost controller design for discrete-time switching fuzzy systems

With two level weighting functions, namely, crisp switching-region weighting functions and local fuzzy weighting functions, this paper introduces a discrete-time switching fuzzy system, which inherently contains the features of switched hybrid systems and Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy systems, and then, for this discrete-time switching fuzzy system, this paper proposes two new guaranteed cost state-feedback controllers minimizing an upper bound of state and input energy called LQ performance under all admissible grades of time-varying fuzzy weighting functions. The first one, associated with a piecewise quadratic Lyapunov function (PQLF), uses time-varying information on the switching-region weighting functions. The second one, associated with a new piece-wise fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov function (PFWLF), uses time-varying information on the local fuzzy weighting functions as well as on the switching-region functions. Especially with a new special structure of the candidate of PFWLF, the PFWLF-based controller employs not only the current-time but also the one-step-past information on the time-varying local fuzzy weighting functions.     

Exponential stability and robust H∞ control of a class of discrete-time switched non-linear systems with time-varying delays via T-S fuzzy model

This paper deals with stability and robust H_∞ control of discrete-time switched non-linear systems with time-varying delays. The T-S fuzzy models are utilised to represent each sub-non-linear system. Thus, with two level functions, namely, crisp switching functions and local fuzzy weighting functions, we introduce a discrete-time switched fuzzy systems, which inherently contain the features of the switched hybrid systems and T-S fuzzy systems. Piecewise fuzzy weighting-dependent Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals (PFLKFs) and average dwell-time approach are utilised in this paper for the exponentially stability analysis and controller design, and with free fuzzy weighting matrix scheme, switching control laws are obtained such that H_∞ performance is satisfied. The conditions of stability and the control laws are given in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) that are numerically feasible. The state decay estimate is explicitly given. A numerical example and the control of delayed single link robot arm with uncertain part are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.     

Approaches to extended non-quadratic stability and stabilization conditions for discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems

This paper provides simple and effective linear matrix inequality (LMI) characterizations for the stability and stabilization conditions of discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy systems. To do this, more general classes of non-parallel distributed compensation (non-PDC) control laws and non-quadratic Lyapunov functions are presented. Unlike the conventional non-quadratic approaches using only current-time normalized fuzzy weighting functions, we consider not only the current-time fuzzy weighting functions but also the l-step-past (l?0) and one-step-ahead ones when constructing the control laws and Lyapunov functions. Consequently, by introducing additional decision variables, it can be shown that the proposed conditions include the existing ones found in the literature as particular cases. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approaches.     

Online tuning of fuzzy PID controllers via rule weighing based on normalized acceleration

In this study, an on-line tuning method is proposed for fuzzy PID controllers via rule weighing. The rule weighing mechanism is a fuzzy rule base with two inputs namely; “error” and “normalized acceleration”. Here, the normalized acceleration provides relative information on the fastness or slowness of the system response. In deriving the fuzzy rules of the weighing mechanism, the transient phase of the unit step response of the closed loop system is to be analyzed. For this purpose, this response is assumed to be divided into certain regions, depending on the number of membership functions defined for the error input of the fuzzy logic controller. Then, the relative importance or influence of the fired fuzzy rules is determined for each region of the transient phase of the unit step response of the closed loop system. The output of the fuzzy rule weighing mechanism is charged as the tuning variable of the rule weights; and, in this manner, an on-line self-tuning rule weight assignment is accomplished. The effectiveness of the proposed on-line weight adjustment method is demonstrated on linear and non-linear systems by simulations. Moreover, a real time application of this new method is accomplished on a pH neutralization process.     

Inverse active vibration force inputs estimation for a beam–machine system

This study presents an innovative fuzzy estimator that efficiently and robustly estimates the vibratory forces of a beam–machine system. The proposed estimator includes fuzzy Kalman filter technology, which is accelerated by the fuzzy accelerating factor and the fuzzy weighting recursive least-square method, weighted by the fuzzy weighting factor based on the fuzzy logic inference system. The excellent performance of this estimator is demonstrated by comparing it with different weighting functions, distinct levels of noise covariance measurement and the initial process noise covariance. The simulation results show that the proposed method is efficient in estimating input vibration forces, giving this method great stability and precision.     

多视角模糊双加权可能性聚类算法

为解决传统可能性聚类算法（PCM）无法满足多视角学习场景聚类的实际问题,并进一步考虑到现有多视角聚类算法尚未重视的视角权重及视角内特征权重优化问题,本文提出一种新的具备最佳视角及最优特征划分能力的多视角模糊双加权可能性聚类算法（MV-FDW-PCM）。该算法将基于传统的PCM算法,给出了详细的多视角聚类学习框架使得PCM算法具备多视角聚类能力,进而通过引入视角间模糊加权机制及视角内属性模糊加权机制解决视角间权重及视角内特征权重优化问题。实验结果表明,所提的MV-FDW-PCM算法在面对多视角聚类问题时较以往算法具有更佳的聚类效果。     

Variable Structure Control with Chattering Reduction of a Generalized T‐S Model

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based variable structure control (VSC) is presented. The main objective is to obtain an improved performance of highly non‐linear unstable systems. New functions for chattering reduction and error convergence without sacrificing invariant properties are proposed. The main feature of the proposed method is that the switching function is added as an additional fuzzy variable and will be introduced in the premise part of the fuzzy rules; together with the state variables. In this work, a tuning of the well known weighting parameters approach is proposed to optimize local and global approximation and modelling capability of the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy model to improve the choice of the performance index and minimize it. The main problem encountered is that the T‐S identification method can not be applied when the membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This in turn restricts the application of the T‐S method because this type of membership function has been widely used in control applications. The approach developed here can be considered as a generalized version of the T‐S method. An inverted pendulum mounted on a cart is chosen to evaluate the robustness, effectiveness, accuracy and remarkable performance of the proposed estimation approach in comparison with the original T‐S model. Simulation results indicate the potential, simplicity and generality of the estimation method and the robustness of the chattering reduction algorithm. In this paper, we prove that the proposed estimation algorithm converge the very fast, thereby making it very practical to use. The application of the proposed FLC‐VSC shows that both alleviation of chattering and robust performance are achieved.     

Switching fuzzy controller design based on switching Lyapunov function for a class of nonlinear systems

This paper presents a switching fuzzy controller design for a class of nonlinear systems. A switching fuzzy model is employed to represent the dynamics of a nonlinear system. In our previous papers, we proposed the switching fuzzy model and a switching Lyapunov function and derived stability conditions for open-loop systems. In this paper, we design a switching fuzzy controller. We firstly show that switching fuzzy controller design conditions based on the switching Lyapunov function are given in terms of bilinear matrix inequalities, which is difficult to design the controller numerically. Then, we propose a new controller design approach utilizing an augmented system. By introducing the augmented system which consists of the switching fuzzy model and a stable linear system, the controller design conditions based on the switching Lyapunov function are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Therefore, we can effectively design the switching fuzzy controller via LMI-based approach. A design example illustrates the utility of this approach. Moreover, we show that the approach proposed in this paper is available in the research area of piecewise linear control.     

Chattering-free fuzzy variable structure control for multivariable nonlinear systems

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based variable structure control (VSC) with guaranteed stability for multivariable systems is presented. It is aimed at obtaining an improved performance of nonlinear multivariable systems. The main contribution of this work is firstly developing a generic matrix formulation of the FLC-VSC algorithm for nonlinear multivariable systems, with a special attention to non-zero final state. Secondly, ensuring the global stability of the controlled system. The multivariable nonlinear system is represented by T-S fuzzy model. The identification of the T-S model parameters has been improved using the well known weighting parameters approach to optimize local and global approximation and modeling capability of T-S fuzzy model. The main problem encountered is that T-S identification method cannot be applied when the membership functions (MFs) are overlapped by pairs. This in turn restricts the application of the T-S method because this type of membership function has been widely used in control applications. In order to overcome the chattering problem a switching function is added as an additional fuzzy variable and will be introduced in the premise part of the fuzzy rules together with the state variables. A two-link robot system and a mixing thermal system are chosen to evaluate the robustness, effectiveness, accuracy and remarkable performance of proposed FLC-VSC method.     

A modified Intelligent Water Drops algorithm and its application to optimization problems

The Intelligent Water Drop (IWD) algorithm is a recent stochastic swarm-based method that is useful for solving combinatorial and function optimization problems. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of the selection method in the solution construction phase of the IWD algorithm. Instead of the fitness proportionate selection method in the original IWD algorithm, two ranking-based selection methods, namely linear ranking and exponential ranking, are proposed. Both ranking-based selection methods aim to solve the identified limitations of the fitness proportionate selection method as well as to enable the IWD algorithm to escape from local optima and ensure its search diversity. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed ranking-based selection methods, a series of experiments pertaining to three combinatorial optimization problems, i.e., rough set feature subset selection, multiple knapsack and travelling salesman problems, is conducted. The results demonstrate that the exponential ranking selection method is able to preserve the search diversity, therefore improving the performance of the IWD algorithm.     

Adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for electro-hydraulic servo mechanism

An innovative approach to adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for a class of SISO continuous nonlinear systems with unknown dynamics and bounded disturbances is introduced in this paper. The main idea of the presented method consists in the introduction of the fuzzy self-tuning mechanism for adaptation of the sliding mode control parameters – extended feedback and switching gains. Such modification reduces the well-known chattering problem in classical sliding mode control. In comparison with the other algorithms eliminating this problem the proposed method results in faster convergence and more transparent and interpretable design of self-tuning mechanism. Moreover, the proposed method guaranteing the asymptotic reference signal tracking with bounded system signals can be easily implemented to high order systems. The performance of the presented control design is demonstrated on control of a nonlinear electro-hydraulic servo mechanism.     

Fuzzy arithmetic based reliability allocation approach during early design and development

During early design and development stages, every engineering system has to meet its specific reliability goals. The target reliability of the system is achieved through application of an effective reliability apportionment technique to its subsystems. There are various traditional methods exist to perform the reliability allocation based on engineering factors that are assessed in a subjective manner. The conventional reliability allocation approach requires the assessment of factors like complexity, cost, and maintenance. This may not be realistic in real applications if they are assessed in a crisp manner by the domain experts of their varied expertise and background.In this paper, we treat allocation factors as fuzzy numbers, which are evaluated in fuzzy linguistic terms. As a result, fuzzy proportionality factor scales are proposed for the subsystems. In order to accomplish fuzzy division to evaluate the fuzzy proportionality factor, an approximation method based on linear programming for trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is also proposed in this paper. For the evaluation of weighting factors from fuzzy proportionality factors, centroid method of defuzzification is being employed. The allocated reliability of each subsystem is computed with the help of weighting factor thereafter. An example is provided to illustrate the potential application of the proposed fuzzy based reliability allocation approach.     

单趟贝叶斯模糊聚类算法

对于概率模糊聚类,贝叶斯模糊聚类方法表现出良好的聚类性能,它从先验知识和贝叶斯理论的角度出发,采用最大后验概率理论处理模糊划分,进而获取最终的聚类结果.该方法有效地结合了概率论和模糊论两者的优点,较之传统的模糊聚类算法（如FCM算法）,该方法能够获取全局最优解并估计聚类个数.但在大数据时代,该方法较高的时间复杂度限制了它的实用性.针对此问题,首先在贝叶斯模糊聚类中引入加权机制,提出了加权贝叶斯模糊聚类算法;然后将其与单趟聚类框架相结合,提出了面向大规模数据的快速单趟贝叶斯模糊聚类算法,并从理论上对相关性质进行了较为深入的分析.所提出的单趟贝叶斯模糊聚类新算法较之贝叶斯模糊聚类算法在时间复杂度和收敛性上均有着不同程度的性能提升,同时继承了贝叶斯模糊聚类的良好的聚类性能.最后,相关实验结果亦验证了所提方法的有效性.     

Active Mode Recognition of Switched Nonlinear Systems: Application to Fault Detection and Isolation

Robust switching detection and active mode recognition are addressed for switched nonlinear systems. The nonlinear modes are represented by Takagi‐Sugeno (TS) models where the weighting functions are supposed to be online computable. The proposed switching detection technique and the active mode recognition method lie on indicator signals that are generated using a data‐driven projection technique. The main advantage of this method is that it does not need the knowledge of local model parameter values. Only input‐output data and the weighting functions of the TS model are used to generate these indicator signals. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the proposed approach.     

Self-tuning of PID-type fuzzy logic controller coefficients via relative rate observer

In this study, a new method is proposed for tuning the coefficients of PID-type fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs). The new method adjusts the input scaling factor corresponding to the derivative coefficient and the output scaling factor corresponding to the integral coefficient of the PID-type FLC using a fuzzy inference mechanism in an on-line manner. The fuzzy inference mechanism that adjusts the related coefficients has two inputs, one of which is called “normalized acceleration” and the other one is the classical “error”. The “normalized acceleration” gives the “relative rate” information about the fastness or slowness of the system response. An appropriate rule-base is generated for the adaptation of the derivative coefficient of the PID-type FLC using these two input variables. The integral coefficient is then updated as the reciprocal of the derivative coefficient. The robustness and effectiveness of the new self-tuning algorithm have been compared with the other related tuning methods proposed in the literature through simulations. The simulations are done on a second-order system with varying parameters and time delay.     

A NEW METHOD FOR FUZZY QUERY PROCESSING IN RELATIONAL DATABASE SYSTEMS

In this paper, we present a new method for fuzzy query processing in relational database systems based on automatic clustering techniques and weighting concepts. The proposed method allows the query conditions and the weights of query items of users' fuzzy SQL queries to be described by linguistic terms represented by fuzzy numbers. Because the proposed fuzzy query processing method allows the users to construct their fuzzy queries more conveniently, the existing relational database systems will be more intelligent and more flexible to the users.     

一种基于模糊划分和模糊加权的集成深度信念网络

针对DBN算法训练时间复杂度高,容易过拟合等问题,受模糊理论启发,提出了一种基于模糊划分和模糊加权的集成深度信念网络,即FE-DBN（ensemble deep belief network with fuzzy partition and fuzzy weighting）,用于处理大样本数据的分类问题。通过模糊聚类算法FCM将训练数据划分为多个子集,在各个子集上并行训练不同结构的DBN,将每个分类器的结果进行模糊加权。在人工数据集、UCI数据集上的实验结果表明,提出的FE-DBN比DBN精度均有所提升,具有更快的运行时间。     

传感器数据融合与单一传感器在同步定位与构图中的对比研究

针对室内环境下单一传感器数据在同步定位与构图中的局限性问题,提出了一种使用模糊贴近度和自适应加权相结合的传感器数据融合方法。首先建立了观测模型,并使用模糊贴近度的方法将Kinect深度摄像头获取的数据和激光雷达数据进行首次融合;然后使用自适应加权的方法对权值系数进行二次加权修正;最后将使用该方法构建的地图与单一传感器构建的地图进行了对比分析。通过实验证明,使用该方法获得的数据更加可靠,获取的地图精确度更高、环境特征表现更加平滑,验证了所提算法的有效性。