言语行为理论导论

近年来,有关Agent的各项研究在国外得到迅速发展[1],它强调了Agnet的行为特征和交互动,对于Agent之间的对话机制提出了更高的要求,其最终日标是利用自然语言进行交互.自然言理解是人工智能领域的一大难题,目前普谊利用语用学     

基于神经网络的汉语口语言语行为分析

为正确理解口语对话、准确把握话者意图,除必要的语法和语义分析外,口语系统还需进行语用层面上的言语行为分析．文中提出一种基于精简循环网络的、综合使用语段级的微结构信息和语篇级的宏结构特征的汉语口语言语行为分析方法．针对会面安排领域口语语料库训练和测试,取得了满意效果     

基于行为时序逻辑的入侵取证研究

提出一种基于行为时序逻辑的入侵取证的形式化方法,其描述语言能够准确描述入侵证据、系统知识以及攻击行为,并具有在部分数据缺失的情况下进行非确定性推理的能力;其自动验证工具能够寻求额外的证据并可检查是否有可能的攻击与这些证据相符。实例研究表明,这种方法不依赖于具体的攻击技术和操作系统,不惧证据的缺失,能够有效搜寻更多的证据并重建可能的攻击场景。     

基于状态的网络行为可信性评估

目前,网络的不可信给网络的安全提出了新的挑战,针对网络传输本身的可信问题,通过研究网络交换机的功能原理与配置选项．分析网络交换机的特性及其行为状态,提出了适合由交换机组成的网络的可信评估框架,同时也对反映网络功能的状态给予描述,在此基础上分析出网络状态与配置行为问的关系,进而评估网络配置行为的可信性。它将可信网络的内容从可信接入扩展到可信网络的设备上,以保证网络设备自身运行可信性需求。     

基于谓词时序逻辑的恶意代码行为描述及检测

基于行为的判别已成为恶意代码检测技术研究的主流方向,现有方法容易受到拟态攻击或影子攻击的影响.针对这些问题,提出了一种全新的使用谓词时序逻辑描述恶意代码行为的方法,该方法能够同时刻画一组函数调用之间的逻辑组合、时序、参数依赖和主客体关联等关系,因此能更准确细致地描述恶意代码行为.在此基础上,提出了相应的恶意行为检测算法,通过实例测试验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于行为轮廓和逻辑Petri网的模型修复方法

现实中的业务流程不断发生变化,需要对初始的业务流程模型进行修复以更好地表示实际业务流程。模型修复的关键步骤是分析现实日志和模型间的偏差,目前寻找偏差的方法主要采用对齐重演技术,未从行为的角度定量分析抽象的结构。因此,提出了一种通过行为轮廓分析日志和模型偏差的方法,并在此基础上进一步给出了基于逻辑Petri网的模型修复方法。首先,基于行为轮廓计算日志和模型间的服从度以识别偏差迹;然后,在偏差迹中依据偏差三元组集从偏差活动中选择逻辑变迁;最后,基于逻辑变迁设置逻辑函数,并通过添加新的分支或重构新的结构来修复原模型。对修复模型的适应度和精确度进行了验证,仿真实验结果表明,在尽可能保持修复模型与原始模型相似的基础上,相较于Fahland方法与Goldratt方法,所提修复方法在适应度都为1的情况下,得到的修复模型具有更高的精确度。     

基于分离逻辑的程序验证技术

介绍了分离逻辑的验证原理和特点及其在程序验证方面的应用实例,分析了为支持程序验证的若干分离逻辑研究进展,包括分离逻辑的自身属性、与其他逻辑的关系、对程序语言和设计模式的支持以及定理证明器等内容.指出了分离逻辑进一步深入应用所面临的问题和解决方向.     

行为知识的表示和推理

介绍了行为逻辑语言,并讨论了用行为逻辑表示行为知识时应该注意的一些问题,即合理性、通用性、易读性,同了三于知识库转换的部分函数依赖与行为知识的联系。     

基于神经元网络的言语的计算结构研究初探

Language acquisition,understanding and production are three core problems in the field of cognitive linguistics and computational linguistics.After the investigation of information processing mechanism from the physiological psychology view,we get that the procedures of language porocessing are executed by some structure,that is to say all mental activities concerned with acquisition,understanding and production are the appearances of this structure, and it is developmental with the growing of cognition development including language.Thus three detail problems are pivotal, they are representation problem,learning problem and computation problem.     

支持多Agent通信的扩展BDI逻辑

BDI（信念、期望和意图）逻辑是当前agent理论研究的热点课题之一,相关研究工作较少涉及对agent间通信的描述.文章旨在提出一个能表示和推理多agent间基于言语行为理论的通信行为的扩展BDI逻辑.该逻辑是一个多类、带量词并具有分枝时序结构的一阶多模态逻辑,除了包含标准BDI逻辑的模态和时态算子之外,还引入了一些必要的逻辑算子和构造符,用于刻画agent为实现其意图而具有的规划能力,以及对多agent通信给出正确的语用解释.文章讨论了逻辑的语法和语义,并对言语行为进行了逻辑分类和解释.     

Sarcasm,Deception, and Stating the Obvious: Planning Dialogue without Speech Acts

This paper presents an alternative to the speech acts with STRIPS approach to implementing dialogue a fully implemented AI planner which generates and analyses the semantics of utterances using a single linguistic act for all contexts. Using this act, the planner can model problematic conversational situations, including felicitous and infelicitous instances of bluffing, lying, sarcasm, and stating the obvious. The act has negligible effects, and its precondition can always be proved. Speaker maxims enable the speaker to plan to deceive, as well as to generate implicatures, while hearer maxims enable the hearer to recognise deceptions, and interpret implicatures. The planner proceeds by achieving parts of the constructive proof of a goal. It incorporates an epistemic theorem prover, which embodies a deduction model of belief, and a constructive logic.     

A Statistical Dialogue Analysis Model Based on Speech Acts for Dialogue Machine Translation

In some cases, to make a proper translation of an utterance in a dialogue, different pieces of contextual information are needed. Interpreting such utterances often requires dialogue analysis including speech acts and discourse analysis. In this paper, a statistical dialogue analysis model for Korean–English dialogue machine translation based on speech acts is proposed. The model uses syntactic patterns and n-grams of speech acts. The syntactic patterns include surface syntactic features which are related to the language-dependent expressions of speech acts. Speech-act n-grams are used to approximate the context of utterances. The key feature is the use of speech-act n-grams based on hierarchical recency. Experimental results with trigrams show that the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 66.87% for the top candidate and 82.35% for the top three candidates. It indicates that the proposed model based on hierarchical recency outperforms the model based on linear recency.     

语言信息系统设计

某型进口运输机语盲信息系统采用的电机卷带播放磁带存在语音录制更改困难、信息条目有限、音质逐渐变差、磁带磁头需定期清洁更换、故障率较高等突出问题;利用单片机控制技术和半导体语音存贮技术对语言信息系统进行重新设计,阐述了系统电路设计原理和软件流程,具有操纵控制自动化程度高,成本低等优点,并且达到了无转动部件和无机械触点,满足机载设备要求,具有电好的军事和经济效益。     

The Role of Duration Models and Symbolic Representation for Timing in Synthetic Speech

In order to determine priorities for the improvement of timing in synthetic speech this study looks at the role of segmental duration prediction and the role of phonological symbolic representation in the perceptual quality of a text-to-speech system. In perception experiments using German speech synthesis, two standard duration models (Klatt rules and CART) were tested. The input to these models consisted of a symbolic representation which was either derived from a database or a text-to-speech system. Results of the perception experiments show that different duration models can only be distinguished when the symbolic representation is appropriate. Considering the relative importance of the symbolic representation, post-lexical segmental rules were investigated with the outcome that listeners differ in their preferences regarding the degree of segmental reduction. As a conclusion, before fine-tuning the duration prediction, it is important to derive an appropriate phonological symbolic representation in order to improve timing in synthetic speech.     

Toward A Formalism for Conversation Protocols Using Joint Intention Theory

Conversation protocols are used to achieve certain goals or to bring about certain states in the world. Therefore, one may identify the landmarks or the states that must be brought about during the goal–directed execution of a protocol. Accordingly, the landmarks, characterized by propositions that are true in the state represented by that landmark, are the most important aspect of a protocol. Families of conversation protocols can be expressed formally as partially ordered landmarks after the landmarks necessary to achieve a goal have been identified. Concrete protocols represented as joint action expressions can, then, be derived from the partially ordered landmarks and executed directly by joint intention interpreters. This approach of applying Joint Intention theory to protocols also supports flexibility in the actions used to get to landmarks, shortcutting protocol execution, automatic exception handling, and correctness criterion for protocols and protocol compositions.     

基于语音数据库的文语转换系统过程分析

文语转换是中文信息处理中研究的热点,是实现人机语音通信的一项关键技术。文章对实现中文文语转换的整个过程进行了初步分析和研究,给出了基于语音数据库的文语转换方法和实现过程。具体介绍了语音库的建立,分析了文本录入、文本分词、文本正则化、语音标注、韵律处理和语音合成等各个环节处理的内容及技术难点。     

To Commit or Not to Commit: Modeling Agent Conversations for Action

Conversations are sequences of messages exchanged among interacting agents. For conversations to be meaningful, agents ought to follow commonly known specifications limiting the types of messages that can be exchanged at any point in the conversation. These specifications are usually implemented using conversation policies (which are rules of inference) or conversation protocols (which are predefined conversation templates). In this article we present a semantic model for specifying conversations using conversation policies. This model is based on the principles that the negotiation and uptake of shared social commitments entail the adoption of obligations to action, which indicate the actions that agents have agreed to perform. In the same way, obligations are retracted based on the negotiation to discharge their corresponding shared social commitments. Based on these principles, conversations are specified as interaction specifications that model the ideal sequencing of agent participations negotiating the execution of actions in a joint activity. These specifications not only specify the adoption and discharge of shared commitments and obligations during an activity, but also indicate the commitments and obligations that are required (as preconditions) or that outlive a joint activity (as postconditions). We model the Contract Net Protocol as an example of the specification of conversations in a joint activity.     

Nine Issues in Speech Translation

This paper sketches research in nine areas related to spoken language translation: interactive disambiguation (two demonstrations of highly interactive, broad-coverage speech translation are reported); system architecture; data structures; the interface between speech recognition and analysis; the use of natural pauses for segmenting utterances; example-based machine translation; dialogue acts; the tracking of lexical co-occurrences; and the resolution of translation mismatches.     

The MSIIA Experiment: Using Speech to Enhance Human Performance on a Cognitive Task

We performed an exploratory study to examine the effects of speech-enabled input on a cognitive task involving analysis and annotation of objects in aerial reconnaissance videos. We added speech to an information fusion system to allow for hands-free annotation in order to examine the effect on efficiency, quality, task success, and user satisfaction. We hypothesized that speech recognition could be a cognitive-enabling technology by reducing the mental load of instrument manipulation and freeing up resources for the task at hand.Despite the lack of confidence participants had for the accuracy and temporal precision of the speech-enabled input, each reported that speech made it easier and faster to annotate images. When speech input was available, participants chose speech over manual input to make all annotations. Several participants noted that the additional modality was very effective in reducing the necessity to navigate controls and in allowing them to focus more on the task. Quantitative results suggest that people could potentially identify images faster with speech. However, people did not annotate better with speech (precision was lower, and recall was significantly lower). We attribute the lower recall/precision scores to the lack of undo and editing capabilities and insufficient experience by naïve users in an unfamiliar domain.This formative study has provided feedback for further development of the system augmented with speech-enabled input, as our results show that the availability of speech may lead to improved performance of expert domain users on more complicated tasks.     

YH－1TM语音子系统的实现

本文介绍了智能工具机（ＹＨ－ＩＴＭ）的语音子系统的结构及实现技术。该子系统是在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ机的ＴＩ语音卡的基础上开发而成的。