Individual differences and the user interface

Individual differences in cognitive functions are relevant in introducing novioes to computing. The interaction between the user and the computer may be improved if these psychological characteristics are taken into account in the design of the user interface and in the design of introductory courses. In.section 1 of this paper an analysis is made of individual differences and of the possibilities of adaptation. The user interface is described as an opportunity for adaptation. Methods of adaptation are systematically related to the changeability of individual differences. Illustrated by an overview of previous experimental work, some principles of adaptation are demonstrated in relation to individual differences on variables that are relevant in human-computer interaction. Prior knowledge of mathematics has been shown to be related to success and failure in learning a programming language, and to motivation for using computers. In section 2 ways to prevent the course drop-out rate by structuring the teaching method are illustrated. Strategies of information processing in the user interface, in relation to metacommunication and teaching, are described in section 3 as another example of an individual difference variable that may be attended to in teaching, resulting in reduction of problem solving time. Some cognitive styles are related to success in programming. The choice of adequate educational examples may improve programming habits, as illustrated in section 4. Style of representation and spatial ability are relevant for the development of mental models of computer system. In section 5 some field studies on teaching novices to work with office systems illustrate these relations. Teaching strategies, educational examples, and metaphors, may neutralize the handicap some novices have because of these variables.     

自适应网络学习用户界面设计和实现

An adaptive user interface helps to improve the quality of human-computer interaction. Most people at present join to Web-Based Learning by common browser. Due to the one-fits-all user interface, they have to face with the problem of lack of the support on personalized learning. The design and implementation of the adaptive user interface for Web-based learning in this paper is grounded in our work done before, for example interaction model,adaptive user models including domain models. The adaptivity is mainly expressed on learning contents and representation including layout as well as operation.     

User feedback requirements with automatic speech recognition

The optimal type and amount of secondary feedback for data entry with automatic speech recognition were investigated. Six feedback conditions, varying the information channel for feedback (visual or auditory), the delay prior to feedback, and the amount of feedback history, were compared to a no-feedback control. In addition, the presence of a dialogue requiring users to confirm a word choice when the speech recognizer could not distinguish between two words was studied. The word confirmation dialogue increased recognition accuracy by about 5% with no significant increase in the time to enter data. Type of feedback affected both accuracy and time to enter data. When no feedback was available, data entry time was minimal but there were many errors. Any type of feedback/error correction vastly unproved accuracy, but auditory feedback provided after a string of data was spoken increased the time to enter data by a factor of three. Depending on task conditions, visual or auditory feedback following each word spoken is recommended.     

基于WinCE用户界面可订制技术的实现

使用事件驱动模型实现了一套适用于WinCE设备的高度可定制用户界面方案,用于简化用户界面的设计过程.该方案使得程序可执行代码与用户界面完全分离,进而使得独立于执行代码之外的功能定制成为可能,成套的软件界面更易于保持一致的风格,软件研发也会大幅加速.     

Automated user interface engineering with a pattern reflecting programming language

The development of the user interface concerns all aspects of a software system that are targeted to the interactive delivery of its functionality and data. Today, user interface development accounts for a large proportion of the overall software implementation, while the programming process involves various recurring software patterns. Based on the identification of key commonly occurring user interface programming patterns, we have designed and implemented a user interface programming language with built-in constructs to directly support those software patterns, offering declarative programming features such as: precondition-based actions, unidirectional constraints and data-content monitors. Initially, we introduce the deployment syntax and semantics of the novel programming elements, relying upon subject interaction scenarios. Then we reveal the most demanding implementation aspects of the code generator and the respective run-time library.     

一种基于Agent的语音网络人机界面的设计与实现

研究了Agent技术、语音技术和动画技术的应用。开发了具有C／S结构的智能语音人机界面的网络新闻邮件管理系统。用户可以通过语音控制程序的运行，程序则通过语音合成通知运行的状况。用户可以用普通话进行新闻、通讯、电子邮件等日常工作。     

User interface—application communication in the Chimera user interface management system

Until quite recently, perhaps the least appreciated part of user interface management system (UIMS) architecture has been the interface to the application. A number of approaches to interface-application communication have been attempted, but these have suffered as a result of being non-programmable, unstructured and/or static. This paper presents the user-interface-application communication system developed for the Chimera UIMS, which attempts to address these problems. This system enables interprocess communication between user interface and application via an explicit, programmable UIMS component—an application linkage, which is structured, dynamic and reconfigurable at run-time. The internal structure of the linkage is described, along with the mechanism for communication with dialogue control and application. An extensive example is developed in order to illustrate the communication process to and from the user via dialogue control and linkage to the application.     

一种变电站自动化系统新型线路单元测控装置的用户界面设计

新研制的线路测控装置采用的是带背光的 12 8× 6 4的点阵式液晶 ,控制器是T6 96 3C ,屏幕一屏可显示 16× 8个英文字母或 8× 4个汉字。采用菜单显示技术实现人机交互 ,它具有数据显示功能、参数设置功能、调试功能等。重点阐述了菜单的组织结构图、主菜单界面以及快捷键显示。     

基于要素分离的用户界面安全性设计

提出了一种分离用户界面要素的方法来提高用户界面设计的有效性和可靠性。分析了用户界面设计中使用该方法的优点和如何对用户界面要素进行分离。重点讨论基于该方法的用户界面安全性设计。