Theoretical study on electron structure and charge transport properties of tetraazapentacene derivatives

By Means of Marcus electron transfer theory, the charge transport properties of tetraazapentacene (4N-PEN) derivatives were systematically explored. The reorganization energies were studied by both adiabatic potential-energy surfaces and normal mode analysis. The charge diffusion constants were evaluated from the random walk simulation. From the perspective of homology modeling, a selected 4N-PEN derivative without experimental crystal structure was built into three kinds of possible packing modes with reference to its relative analogues and then fully optimized. The calculated results show that the charge transport property for the same kind of systems strongly depends on the packing mode, and the π···stacking is more beneficial for electron transport of 4N-PEN derivatives. Meanwhile, the 4N-PEN derivatives have larger electron transfer integrals and lower energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals as well as smaller electron reorganization energies, which provides a three-in-one advantage for electron transport. Fascinatingly, the data obtained from the hopping and band models both suggest that the 4N-PEN derivatives have the intrinsic property of electron transport. Thus, the 4N-PEN derivatives have the potential for preparing n-type organic semiconductors.     

铁卟啉化合物与氧气分子形成的体系的密度泛函理论研究(英文)

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法在6-31G(d)基组水平下对氯化铁(+3)卟啉与氧气分子形成的体系进行了研究,得到了几何构型,电子性质及分子轨道结构等相关数据.对两个体系不同自旋状态下的几何构型参数和电子性质对比发现:受体系立体构型对称性的影响,在两个体系中凡是与卟啉环上N原子相关的几何参数及电子性质均呈现出相同规律性.又采用密度泛函理论UB3LYP/6-311G*//UB3LYP/6-31G*方法对这两个体系不同自旋状态下的能量进行了计算,分析表明自旋多重度越高体系越稳定.然后分别分析了两个体系在最稳定自旋状态下的分子轨道占据情况及中心Fe原子最外层3d轨道的电子分布情况,结果表明Fe原子的3d二和3dxz/3dyz与氧气分子的单占据反键轨道HOMO π*2px/π*2py之间存在相互作用,这种相互作用引起铁卟啉环与O2分子间的电子转移并使O2活化.然而,根据分析在通常状态下铁卟啉对O2分子的活化作用是微弱的.     

N-甲基-2-(5-甲基-噻吩)-吡咯并[3,4]C60(MTPC)衍生物的分子结构和几何构型的理论研究

用半经验AM1法研究N-甲基-2-(5-甲基,噻吩)-吡咯并[3,4]C_(60)(MTPC)衍生物的分子轨道,电荷分布,几何构型。计算结果显示,分子(C)具有较低的跃迁能。HOMO轨道主要分布在杂环上,LUMO轨道则主要分布在C_(60)上。电荷从富电子的噻吩环向缺电子体C_(60)种转移。预测(C)可能在基态下产生长寿命的电荷分离态。     

插烯系硫靛发色体电子光谱的含时密度泛函理论研究

在密度泛函理论的B3LYP/6-31 G~*水平上对硫靛染料发色体及其插烯系化合物的几何构型进行优化计算;在获得基态稳定结构的基础上,应用含时密度泛函理论在相同水平下计算其电子吸收光谱,探讨了发色体的延伸对电子吸收光谱的影响,得到了与实验值基本一致的变化规律。结果表明,发色体的纵向延伸使光谱产生轻微的红移。通过对前线轨道组成进行自然布居分析,揭示了硫靛染料的发光均源自分子中HOMO-LUMO(π→π~(?))电子跃迁。     

1-吡啶-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯异构体基态和激发态电子结构和光谱性质理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-310*方法,对1-吡啶-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(PYPAPT)各异构体进行优化,同时用ab initio HF单激发组态相互作用(CIS)法在6-31G*基组上优化各异构体最低激发单重态几何结构,并探讨了其分子结构与能量的关系,计算结果表明:(1)所有基态异构体基本保持Cs对称性,各原子基本处在同一平面中,而激发态各异构体分子的共轭性不如基态分子,在激发态分子中与偶氮相连的另一苯环与三氮烯及与其相连的苯和吡啶环都不在一个平面;(2)无论在气相中还是在二氯甲烷(DCM,ε=8.93),乙醇(EtOH,ε=24.55)和乙腈(ACN,ε=36.64)溶剂中,基态时PYPAPT主要以M11存在,激发态时为J11较稳定。运用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)计算了PYPAPT基态和激发态各异构体在溶剂中的吸收与发射光谱,研究了溶剂模型对理论光谱的影响。计算结果表明,PYPAPT各异构体基态和激发态的HOMO和LUMO都是离域π键,随着溶剂极性的增强,HOMO和LUMO轨道能量都逐渐下降。理论电子光谱证实,PYPAPT各异构体的吸收光谱随溶剂极性的增强略微红移,吸收强度也有微弱升高;最...     

吡嗪类硝基衍生物结构与爆轰性能的DFT研究

采用B3LYP/6-311++G**方法对26种硝基吡嗪类衍生物体系进行了全优化,几何优化结果表明所有优化后的化合物结构均无虚频,为势能面上的稳定结构;采用Monte-Carlo方法理论估算了26种化合物的密度,随着硝基数目的增加,密度增加;并设计等键等电子反应计算了其生成焓及其热力学性质,硝基数目逐渐增加时,Cp、S...     

Theoretical investigation of fluorination effect on the charge carrier transport properties of fused anthra-tetrathiophene and its derivatives

The crystal structures of known anthra-tetrathiophene (ATT) and its three fluorinated derivatives (ATT1, ATT2 and ATT3) were predicted by the Monte Carlo-simulated annealing method with the embedded electrostatic potential (ESP) charges. The most stable crystal structures were further optimized by the density functional theory with the dispersion energy (DFT-D) method. In addition, the effect of the electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms on the molecular geometry, molecular stacking, electronic and transport properties of title compounds were investigated by the density functional theory and the incoherent charge-hopping model. The calculated results show that the introduction of fluorine atoms does not affect the molecular planarity but decreases the HOMO-LUMO gap, which is beneficial to electron injection and provides more charge carrier stabilization. The improved electron mobility from ATT to ATT3 is attributed to the favorable molecular packing with strong π–π interaction and the short stacking distance. ATT2 and ATT3 exhibit remarkable angular dependence of mobilities and anisotropic behaviors. The band structures reveal that all the paths with larger transfer integrals are along the directions of large dispersions in the valence band (VB) and conduction band (CB). ATT3 has the largest electron mobility (0.48 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹) among the four compounds, indicating that fluorination is an effective approach to improve electron transport.     

TTF-C60-P衍生物的分子结构和光谱性质的理论研究

用半经验AMI法研究TTF-C60-P衍生物的分子轨道,电荷分布,几何构型。计算结果显示,TTF-C60-P衍生物具有较低的跃迁能。HOMO轨道主要分布在杂环上,LUMO轨道则主要分布在C60上。电荷从富电子的TTF向缺电子体C60转移。理论预测TTF-C60-P衍生物在基态下产生长寿命的电荷分离态。     

Effect of surface passivation on optical and electronic properties of ultrathin silicon nanosheets

The binding energy,electronic structure and optical properties of H-,H 3 C-,and HS-cluster-passivated ultrathin silicon (single-layer and double-layer) nanosheets were calculated using density functional theory based on the plane-wave ultra-soft pseudopotential.Firstly,the most stable configuration was selected from passivated configurations according to the principle of lowest energy after calculating their total energies.Then the density of state and the band structure of the different passivated systems were calculated.It was found that different passivation clusters could affect the forbidden band,theremore the passivated cluster with sulfur could greatly decrease the width of the forbidden band through electron transfer.Lastly,the light absorption and reflection properties were also investigated.All results were conducive to the development of silicon-based optoelectronic devices.     

Molecular mechanics and molecular orbital simulations on specific interactions between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARalpha and plasticizer

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) has various physiological functions such as lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in living organisms. Many types of ligand molecules such as phthalate and adipate esters control these physiological functions. In the present study, to elucidate the dependence of PPARα properties on ligand binding, we investigated stable structures and electronic properties for the complexes of PPARα and phthalate as well as adipate esters, which are used as a plasticizer, by molecular simulations based on molecular mechanics and molecular orbital methods. Furthermore, to elucidate the influence of these esters in vivo, we injected them into male mice and observed the change in the expression of PPARα-related enzymes. The comparison between the calculated and observed results indicates that the change in the expression has a correlation with the size of energy gaps between highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of the complexes with mouse PPARα and esters.     

The effect of different π-bridge configuration on bi-anchored triphenylamine and phenyl modified triphenylamine based dyes for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application: A theoretical approach

Twenty eight bi-anchored triphenylamine (TH-1 to TH-14) and phenyl modified triphenylamine (PH-TH-1 to PH-TH-14) based metal free organic dyes are designed for DSSC application. The electronic effect of different π-bridge configurations in donor-π-bridge-acceptor (D-π-A)₂ structure was theoretically simulated and verified using density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The triphenylamine and phenyl modified triphenylamine groups are used as donor and cyanoacrylic acid group is used as acceptor. Thiophene and cyanovinyl groups are used as π-bridge. The ground state molecular structure was optimized by density functional theory and the electronic absorption spectra were calculated by time dependent density functional theory. The light harvesting efficiency (LHE), dye regeneration energy (ΔG_reg) and electron injection energy (ΔG_inject) are determined by computational examination. It is observed that, when the number of π-bridge increases, the band gap of the dye decreases. Also the absorption maximum and molar extinction coefficient of the dyes are increased. Theoretical result shows that the thiophene-cyanovinyl and thiophene-thiophene-cyanovinyl–cyanovinyl configurations give broader and red shifted absorption spectrum compared to other configurations. Also the results of phenyl modified triphenylamine (PH-TH) dyes clearly show better absorption and dye regeneration energy compared to TH dyes.     

Toward rational design of organic dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): An application to the TA-St-CA dye

A computer aided rational design has been performed on TA-St-CA dye sensitizer in order to improve the desirable properties for new organic dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). A number of electron-donating (ED) and electron-withdrawing (EW) units based on Dewar's rules are substituted into the π-conjugated oligo-phenylenevinylene bridge of the reference TA-St-CA dye. The effects of these alternations on the molecular structures and the electron absorption spectra are calculated using time-dependant density functional theory (TDDFT). It is found that chemical modifications using electron donating (ED) substitutions exhibit advantages over the electron withdrawing (EW) substitutes to reduce the HOMO–LUMO energy gap as well as the electron distribution of the frontier orbitals of the new dyes. Dewar's rule is a useful guideline for rational design of new dye sensitizers with desired HOMO–LUMO gap. The impact on the optical spectra of new dyes are, however, less significant.     

氯化铁卟啉和氯化四苯基铁卟啉的密度泛函量子化学计算研究

用密度泛函B3LYP／STO-3G^＊和B3LYP／6-311＋（2d,2p）量子化学计算方法对两个铁卟啉分子FePCl和Fe（TPP）Cl进行了几何结构优化和单点计算研究,根据计算结果对这两个铁卟啉分子的结构、电荷密度和自旋密度分布做了详细分析,数据表明有部分自旋密度由Fe原子向卟啉环转移,同时有部分电子由卟啉环向Fe原子迁移。对它们的分子轨道结构也做了详细的讨论,根据计算的相关数据和分子轨道特征分析了铁卟啉活性中心的性质并讨论了其催化活化分子O2的机理,为氯化铁卟啉活化氧催化相关有机分子氧化反应机理研究提供了理论基础。     

亚硝酰氢与羟基自由基反应的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论研究了HNO OH反应机理。在(U)B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ水平上,优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型,获得了零点能校正后的反应势能曲线。研究表明:根据进攻方式的不同,有3个反应通道,反应通道不同则产物不同。反应的主要产物是NO H_2O,次要产物是NH_2 O_2;主要产物和次要产物与反应物的总能量之差(经零点能校正后)分别为-133.42 kJ/mol和150.44 kJ/mol。生成主要产物时主要反应通道的活化能为102.11 kJ/mol。     

Organic field-effect transistors based on Langmuir–Blodgett films of substituted phthalocyanines

Three substituted phthalocyanines (Pcs), two asymmetrical and one symmetrical, named amino-tri-tert-butyl-phthalocyanine (AmBuPc), 1,8-naphthalimide-tri-tert-butyl-phthalocyanine (NaBuPc), and tetra-iso-propoxy-phthalocyaninato copper(II) (i-Pro-CuPc), were used as semiconductor layers in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on their Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films. These substituted Pcs possess good solubility in common organic solvents. From the long-wavelength absorption edge of their UV–VIS absorption spectra and their electrochemical data, the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were determined and the energy band diagram of their OFETs was deduced. The narrower energy gaps of them indicated stronger electron donor–acceptor ability than other symmetrical Pcs because of the substituents at the peripheral ring. The results of their OFETs demonstrated that the LB films of these substituted Pcs can be used as semiconducting layers of OFETs functioned as p-channel accumulation devices. From the electrical characteristics of their OFETs, the channel carrier mobilities of AmBuPc, NaBuPc and i-Pro-CuPc were calculated to be about 2.84×10⁻⁵, 4.42×10⁻⁴ and 3.25×10⁻⁴ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, respectively.     

苯的计算化学红外光谱表征及其与实验结果对比

本研究用GaussView软件模拟苯的分子结构,用量化计算软件Gaussian 03W的密度泛函法,在B3LYP/6-31G基组水平上,优化苯分子结构、计算能量和频率,及其红外光谱,并与实验结果对比。根据成键轨道(natural bond orbital,NBO)和电子密度计算结果,探讨苯的稳定性,分子轨道能量,原子静电荷分布规律和前沿分子轨道组成的特征,计算得出HOMO和LUMO的能量差是0.25191 eV,HOMO是比较大的负值(-0.24819 eV),说明苯有较好的稳定性,看来采用纳米TiO_2光催化方法降解苯是可行的。     

新型咔唑衍生物密度泛函理论的研究

运用量子化学中的密度泛函和含时密度泛函理论法,计算1种新型咔唑衍生物,以探讨其几何构型、电子结构、前线分子轨道和电子光谱性质。计算结果表明当2-(4-吡啶基)乙烯基的反式构型与咔唑环作用时比顺式稳定,引入取代基后使化合物的HOMO和LUMO之间的能隙降低,吸收光谱红移。电子被激发时,电子从咔唑环向吡啶环转移,说明新型咔唑类化合物具有很好的光学性能,可以作为空穴传输材料。     

二硫代氨基甲酸镉配合物几何异构体理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(B3LYP),在SDD和6-31G(d)混合基组水平上,研究二硫代氨基甲酸镉配合物的从头计算,算出两种几何异构体.一种足C2点群,另一种是C1点群.进而比较了两种几何异构体的结构、能量、原子电荷布居规律,一些前沿分子轨道组成,以及化合物的振动光谱.结果:从结构上看计算数据与实验数据符合较好,从振动频率来看,均未出现虚频,说明两种结构都稳定.有意义的是两种配合物的能量几乎相等,所以从理论可以得出这样的结论:这两种结构配合物都可以在实验室合成,然而实验报道的仅是后一种结构的配合物.     

多环芳烃(PAHs)对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)鱼腮细胞系细胞毒性的Fisher判别分析

采用量子化学PM3算法计算得到的多环芳烃(PAHs)的量子化学参数，应用逐步判别分析法分析PAHs的细胞毒性，建立了能成功预测PAHs细胞毒性的Fisher线性判别函数，函数预测结果的正确识别率达到100％。研究认为影响PAHs细胞毒性的主要因素是PAHs的分子量(Mw)、偶极矩(μ)、分子最高占据轨道能(EHDMO)、分子最低未占据轨道能(ELUMO)和(ELUMO-EHOMO)^2。     

脂肪胺类化合物脂水分配系数的QSPR研究(英文)

用16种脂肪胺类化合物HF/6-31G**,HF/6-311G**,DFT-B3LYP/6-31G**和DFT-B3LYP/6.311G**全优化计算结构参数:分子最高占用和最低空轨道能(EHOMO和ELUMO),分子次最高占用和次最低空轨道能(ENHOMO和ENLUMO),分子总能量(ET),氢原子所带的最高正电荷(qH+),最负原子的静电荷(q-),分子偶极矩(μ)和分子体积(V),对它们的脂水分配系数(lgKOW)分别进行定量构效关系(QSPR)研究.结果表明:脂肪胺的lgK与分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO),分子的总能量(ET)和分子偶极距(μ)的相关性较好,成功地建立了lgKOW的QSPR方程.特别是基于B3LYP/6-311G**基组建立的方程具有更好的[[预]能力,并通过VIF值和t值对其稳健性进行了检验,结果良好.