共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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环境贴图是绘制物体表面漫反射和镜面反射效果的一种有效方法.为了把环境贴图应用于视景仿真中,实现场景对象的真实感绘制,首先从分析球面调和函数入手,提出了漫反射环境纹理图的快速计算方法;然后在研究镜面反射模型时,提出采用箱式滤波器代替Phong余弦函数滤波的方法,从而简化了镜面反射环境纹理图的滤波计算;最后在实现阶段,采用立方体环境纹理图表示场景光照环境,并对纹理图进行分级细化从而提高了绘制效率.实验表明,该方法在增强对象真实感的同时,其运算速度也能满足交互系统的需求,非常适合视景仿真应用. 相似文献
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辐照度环境纹理图是绘制任意光照环境下漫反射物体表面的一种有效的方法。为了实现动态光照环境下辐照度环境纹理图的实时绘制,基于当前的通用图形硬件,提出了一种采用顶点着色器快速计算辐照度环境纹理图的方法。该方法从分析球面调和函数入手,首先得出环境贴图的二次多项式表达形式;然后用顶点着色程序对多项式系数和球面调和函数进行加速计算,以快速生成辐照度环境纹理图;最后对于动态光照环境,则通过对环境纹理图的分级细化来加快光照系数的计算,进而实现了动态光照环境下辐照度环境纹理图的重新绘制。实验表明,在动态光照条件下,采用该方法在获取真实感光照效果的同时,其运算速度也能满足交互系统的需求。 相似文献
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本文围绕VR技术在实现虚拟环境的展示系统中的应用,以虚拟环境展示系统为研究对象,深入系统地研究了虚拟支撑环境的建模机制、图像渲染机制和交互机制等方面的关键技术、理论和方法后,开发了应用系统,在相关学校及房地产业进行了实际应用,充分展示了将三维可视化技术应用于规划和建设中的良好前景。 相似文献
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在计算机图形学和计算机视觉领域,材质反射属性模型能够展现真实世界中材质复杂、丰富的光学现象,但反射属性数据具有高维度且材质反射现象复杂多变的特性,因此其采集和建模技术一直是研究的热点及难点.文中介绍了近年来国内外对不透明材质反射现象的采集及建模技术方向取得的最新研究进展,并给出了分析和总结.最后对该领域研究存在的挑战和未来发展趋势提出了一些看法. 相似文献
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针对无人机等相关教学课程,无人机飞行实操教学环节中存在易受场地、空域、天气等因素的影响,不仅无法保证教学任务质量,而且学生个人操作不熟练等因素,易导致无人机的掉落、碰撞等损坏问题.基于VR技术开发了无人机飞行仿真和虚拟训练系统,提高了无人机实操教学的质量,减少了实践教学中无人机损坏的频率,并体现了无人机教学中以虚为主... 相似文献
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提出一种基于蒙特卡洛积分,利用半球谐函数对光滑平面进行的快速全局照明计算方法。该方法通过在光滑平面上的辐亮度进行取样,然后把其放进高速缓存器中,经过计算再对其它点进行插值。为了提高计算速度,物体表面的入射辐亮度被半球谐化,并且物体表面的双向反射率分布函数也被定义成两个半球面上的笛卡儿积。插值时,利用梯度方向插值,并且用了一种简便的方法来计算一个点的梯度。该方法能极大提高了全局照明的计算速度。这对于照明工程、高质量的动画制作及虚拟现实等领域都具有非常广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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Christophe Schlick 《Computer Graphics Forum》1994,13(3):233-246
A new BRDF model is presented which can be viewed as an kind of intermediary model between empirism and theory. Main results of physics are observed (energy conservation, reciprocity rule, microfacet theory) and numerous phenomena involved in light reflection are accounted for, in a physically plausible way (incoherent and coherent reflection, spectrum modifications, anisotropy, self-shadowing, multiple surface and subsurface reflection, differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous materials). The model has been especially intended for computer graphics applications and therefore includes two main features: simplicity (a small number of intuitively understandable parameters controls the model) and efficiency (the formulation provides adequation to Monte-Carlo rendering techniques and/or hardware implementations). 相似文献
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Tien-Tsin Wong Pheng-Ann Heng Siu-Hang Or Wai-Yin Ng 《Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds》1998,9(3):113-127
A new data representation of image-based objects is presented. With this representation, the user can change the illumination as well as the viewpoint of an image-based scene. Physically correct imagery can be generated without knowing any geometrical information (e.g. depth or surface normal) of the scene. By treating each pixel on the image plane as a surface element, we can measure its apparent BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) by collecting information in the sampled images. These BRDFs allow us to calculate the correct pixel colour under a new illumination set-up by fitting the intensity, direction and number of the light sources. We demonstrate that the proposed representation allows re-rendering of the scene illuminated by different types of light sources. Moreover, two compression schemes, spherical harmonics and discrete cosine transform, are proposed to compress the huge amount of tabular BRDF data. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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In order to solve the problem of data shortage resulting from long revisit period and cloud coverage in high spatial resolution imagery so as to effectively capture vegetation dynamics in their growing season,this paper put forward a method to improve ESTARFM(Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model).The method eliminates the impact that BRDF(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)has on the fused data,reset the size of moving window,the weight of geographic distance,and improving the accuracy of the result and running speed of the program so as to integrate high spatial information and high temporal spectral information better.The result shows that:①in the area of unchanged land cover,compared with the original method,improved ESTARFM can produce higher accuracy.In each band,there is some improvement;②in the area of changed land cover,compared with the original ESTARFM,the precise improved significantly,especially in green and red bands.The results are more reasonable. 相似文献
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Dave Snowdon Chris Greenhalgh Steve Benford Adrian Bullock Chris Brown 《Virtual Reality》1996,2(1):155-175
The aims of this paper are twofold. First, it identifies the general requirements of future large-scale distributed virtual
reality (VR) systems based on an analysis of current VR systems, of more general distributed systems platforms and a consideration
of the key issues of scale and heterogeneity. These requirements subsequently inform the development of a general VR reference
architecture; and a framework which identifies the key software components which will comprise future distributed VR systems.
Second, it uses this reference architecture as a vehicle for conducting a broad review of current distributed VR products
and research prototypes. The review covers twelve well known VR systems and intended as a general resource for researchers
entering the field. These systems are: AVIARY, BrickNet, DIVE, dVS, MASSIVE, the MR Toolkit, NPSNET, Superscape, VEOS, VUE,
WAVES and World Toolkit. The review also identifies relevant standards in the areas of computer graphics and distributed systems.
The paper finishes by drawing out a number of more general conclusions from the review including the urgent need to conduct
research into the subjects of security and resource discovery for distributed VR systems. 相似文献
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Multidirectional observation from the spaceborne POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectance) instrument makes it possible to measure the bidirectional reflectance of a large variety of Earth targets. A careful selection of cloud-free measurements with a large directional coverage lead to about 22,000 sets of measured Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDFs). This data set is used to evaluate the ability of analytical models to reproduce the observed directional signatures. Among those evaluated, the best models appear to be the three-parameter linear Ross-Li model, and the nonlinear Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (RPV) model. On the other hand, all models fail to accurately reproduce the sharp reflectance increase (hot spot) close to the backscattering direction. Based on physical considerations, we suggest a modification of the Ross-Li model, without adding a free parameter, to account for the complex radiative transfer within the canopy that leads to the hot spot signature. The modified linear model performs better than all others, including the RPV nonlinear model. Although the correction modifies the retrieved directional signature parameters, it does not change significantly the surface albedo estimates. 相似文献