社交网络中上下文感知协同过滤算法

围绕上下文感知推荐技术和社会化网络推荐技术的局限性展开研究,提出一种基于社会化网络环境下的名为HCCF的上下文感知协同过滤方法。在充分考虑上下文感知推荐系统实际问题的基础上,首先量化了不同维度的上下文对推荐系统所产生的影响,并在此基础上定义了上下文影响系数。在此基础上引入了社会化网络环境中不同用户之间的相互影响,并采用社会化网络用户信任度进行衡量,最后对上下文因素和社会化网络用户信任度进行综合考虑,提出一种新的相似度计算方法。理论分析和在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,相对于单纯基于上下文的系统过滤算法以及社会化网络推荐方法而言,该算法的准确性和推荐效率均得到一定程度的提升。     

在物联网中基于社交网络方法的用户生成业务框架研究

用户生成业务(简称UGS),意为普通用户不用编程仅通过简单操作便可自己创建个性化业务。目前该技术在互联网中得到了一定的应用。社交网络的风靡给人与人之间的联系提供了丰富的数据,基于这些数据可以分析用户间的相似度,从而为相似的用户推荐业务。本文研究了传统基于社交网络的用户生成业务框架和应用在物联网环境时传统框架的不足。提出了一个基于动态社交网络的动态社交网络用户生成业务系统框架,提升了用户生成业务系统在物联网业务环境中的性能。     

基于多维社交关系嵌入的深层图神经网络推荐方法

社会化推荐系统通过用户的社会属性信息能缓解推荐系统中数据稀疏性和冷启动问题,从而提高推荐系统的精度。然而大多数社会化推荐方法主要针对单一的社交网络,或对多个社交网络进行线性叠加,使得用户社会属性难以充分参与计算,因而推荐的精度有限。针对该问题,提出一种多重网络嵌入的图形神经网络模型来实现复杂多维社交网络下的推荐,该模型构建了统一的方法来融合用户-物品、用户-用户等各种关系构成的多维复杂网络,通过注意力机制聚合不同类型的多邻居对节点生成作出贡献,并将多个图神经网络进行组合,从而构建了多维社交关系下的图神经网络推荐框架。这种方法通过拓扑结构直接反映推荐系统中实体及其相互间关系,直接在图上对相关信息进行不断更新计算,具有很强的归纳性,有效避免了传统推荐方法中信息利用不完全的问题。通过与相关的社会推荐算法进行比较,实验结果表明,所提方法在均方根误差（RMSE）和平均绝对误差（MAE）等推荐精度指标上有所改善,甚至在数据稀疏情况下也有良好的精度。     

基于用户需求的内容分发点对点网络系统研究

点对点内容分发网络技术已成为近年来研究热点领域之一.为用户推荐有价值的资源,提高用户资源定位的准确率和分发效率,是CDN-P2P技术面临的巨大挑战.从用户需求的角度出发,综述了近年来CDN-P2P领域的研究状况：讨论了用户需求并介绍了需求获取方法;对基于用户需求的CDN-P2P系统模型、节点特征及用户相似性、用户之间的相互关系、节点安全性和搜索机制等进行了对比讨论和概括总结;对基于用户需求CDN-P2P领域存在的难点和热点问题作了深入的剖析;最后给出了基于用户需求的CDN-P2P系统的发展趋势及其展望.     

基于数据挖掘的电池信息推荐系统研究

随着大数据的不断发展,基于数据挖掘的应用越来越广泛。通过对信息推荐系统的理论和技术问题进行研究,构建了基于数据挖掘环境下的电池信息推荐系统。利用数据挖掘技术研究信息推荐系统,解决Internet环境中信息资源系统的信息过载问题,为不同用户提供个性化的推荐服务,使用户具有更方便、有效的信息体验方式。     

基于多维社交关系嵌入的深层图神经网络推荐方法

社会化推荐系统通过用户的社会属性信息能缓解推荐系统中数据稀疏性和冷启动问题，从而提高推荐系统的精度。然而大多数社会化推荐方法主要针对单一的社交网络，或对多个社交网络进行线性叠加，使得用户社会属性难以充分参与计算，因而推荐的精度有限。针对该问题，提出一种多重网络嵌入的图形神经网络模型来实现复杂多维社交网络下的推荐，该模型构建了统一的方法来融合用户-物品、用户-用户等各种关系构成的多维复杂网络，通过注意力机制聚合不同类型的多邻居对节点生成作出贡献，并将多个图神经网络进行组合，从而构建了多维社交关系下的图神经网络推荐框架。这种方法通过拓扑结构直接反映推荐系统中实体及其相互间关系，直接在图上对相关信息进行不断更新计算，具有很强的归纳性，有效避免了传统推荐方法中信息利用不完全的问题。通过与相关的社会推荐算法进行比较，实验结果表明，所提方法在均方根误差（RMSE）和平均绝对误差（MAE）等推荐精度指标上有所改善，甚至在数据稀疏情况下也有良好的精度。     

移动电话内容服务系统的个性化推荐

移动电话内容服务系统允许移动用户通过移动互联技术浏览、购买和下载系统内容，是当前移动增值领域研究的热点。具有较强的时空灵活性，但在信息浏览、查找方面存在明显的局限性。提出了一个基于移动电话内容服务系统的个性化推荐系统．介绍了从寻找目标用户到实现推荐的全过程。实验结果表明。所介绍的个性化推荐系统可以有助于解决内容服务系统用户访问受限、资源迷茫的问题。     

社会化推荐研究进展

文章提供了一个关于社会化推荐研究进展的概述。随着推荐系统研究的不断深入,将社会化影响融入推荐系统成为一个新的研究热点和问题丰富的研究领域。首先描述了社会化推荐的相关技术：推荐系统和社会化网络分析。对当前社会化推荐的一些最新技术方法进行分类介绍,具体包括利用社会化关系推荐物品,利用社会化关系推荐好友,根据内容推荐社会化关系,小组推荐和为团体推荐五个方面。     

基于随机游走算法的社会化标签的用户推荐

利用来自Delicious的数据集,结合内容相似度的挖掘和语义关系处理,对社会化标签系统的用户推荐的算法进行了研究.具体工作为:利用标签和书签的语义关系,定义用户的内容信息,从而计算内容相似度;建立内容相似度与社会网络的用户链接关系,通过可重启的随机游走算法(RWR)结合来达成理想的效果.实验评测显示,无论是精确度还是召回率,该算法的效果都要明显优于baseline的算法.     

结合用户生成内容与链接关系的社区发现算法

社区发现一直是社会网络研究中的热点内容。但是当前社区发现算法更加关注用户与用户之间的链接关系,而对社会网络中用户生成内容(user generated contents,UGC)大数据研究较少。用户生成内容是Web2.0的特点,也是社会网络平台吸引用户的重要原因之一,对社区的形成起着重要作用。提出了一种新的社区发现算法,能够综合利用用户与用户之间的链接关系以及用户生成内容来确定用户的社区划分。该算法用LDA(latent Dirichlet allocation)算法分析用户生成内容中主要的内容形式——文本信息,同时通过谱分析方法分析用户与用户之间的链接关系,并有机结合以发现网络的社区结构。通过分析科学网的真实数据,证明了所提算法能够有效综合利用用户生成内容与用户链接关系,使社区发现的结果更加客观准确。     

Encouraging user participation in a course recommender system: An impact on user behavior

User participation emerged as a critical issue for collaborative and social recommender systems as well as for a range of other systems based on the power of user community. A range of mechanisms to encourage user participation in social systems has been proposed over the last few years; however, the impact of these mechanisms on users behavior in recommender systems has not been studied sufficiently. This paper investigates the impact of encouraging user participation in the context of CourseAgent, a community-based course recommender system. The recommendation power of CourseAgent is based on course ratings provided by a community of students. To increase the number of course ratings, CourseAgent applies an incentive mechanism which turns user feedback into a self-beneficial activity. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of our course recommendation system and its incentive mechanism. We also report a dual impact of this mechanism on user behavior discovered in two user studies.     

基于用户行为及语义相关实时更新用户兴趣的推荐系统

在现有的推荐系统中,其用户兴趣模型都能够有效地表达出用户的兴趣,但在用户兴趣发生变化时却不能很好地调整用户兴趣模型,不能及时适应用户兴趣的动态变化。本文提出一种基于语义相关实时更新用户兴趣模型的推荐系统。该系统能够及时响应用户兴趣变化,从而改善了以往推荐系统对用户兴趣更新不及时所导致的推荐结果不够全面、准确的问题。实验表明该系统能够准确表达用户兴趣,特别是在用户兴趣发生变化时比以往系统具有更高的准确性。     

The state-of-the-art in personalized recommender systems for social networking

With the explosion of Web 2.0 application such as blogs, social and professional networks, and various other types of social media, the rich online information and various new sources of knowledge flood users and hence pose a great challenge in terms of information overload. It is critical to use intelligent agent software systems to assist users in finding the right information from an abundance of Web data. Recommender systems can help users deal with information overload problem efficiently by suggesting items (e.g., information and products) that match users’ personal interests. The recommender technology has been successfully employed in many applications such as recommending films, music, books, etc. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of existing technologies for building personalized recommender systems in social networking environment, to propose a research direction for addressing user profiling and cold start problems by exploiting user-generated content newly available in Web 2.0.     

Collaborative filtering and deep learning based recommendation system for cold start items

Recommender system is a specific type of intelligent systems, which exploits historical user ratings on items and/or auxiliary information to make recommendations on items to the users. It plays a critical role in a wide range of online shopping, e-commercial services and social networking applications. Collaborative filtering (CF) is the most popular approaches used for recommender systems, but it suffers from complete cold start (CCS) problem where no rating record are available and incomplete cold start (ICS) problem where only a small number of rating records are available for some new items or users in the system. In this paper, we propose two recommendation models to solve the CCS and ICS problems for new items, which are based on a framework of tightly coupled CF approach and deep learning neural network. A specific deep neural network SADE is used to extract the content features of the items. The state of the art CF model, timeSVD++, which models and utilizes temporal dynamics of user preferences and item features, is modified to take the content features into prediction of ratings for cold start items. Extensive experiments on a large Netflix rating dataset of movies are performed, which show that our proposed recommendation models largely outperform the baseline models for rating prediction of cold start items. The two proposed recommendation models are also evaluated and compared on ICS items, and a flexible scheme of model retraining and switching is proposed to deal with the transition of items from cold start to non-cold start status. The experiment results on Netflix movie recommendation show the tight coupling of CF approach and deep learning neural network is feasible and very effective for cold start item recommendation. The design is general and can be applied to many other recommender systems for online shopping and social networking applications. The solution of cold start item problem can largely improve user experience and trust of recommender systems, and effectively promote cold start items.     

Context-aware recommender systems in mobile environment: On the road of future research

Recommender systems have recently been singled out as a fascinating area of research, owing to the technological progress in mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, as well as to the rapid growth of social networking. In this respect, the main purpose of recommender systems is to suggest items that help users to make decisions from a large number of possible actions such as what place to visit, what movie to watch, or which friend to add to a social network system. In mobile environment, many personal, social and environmental contextual factors can be integrated into the recommendation process in order to provide the correct recommendation to a special user, at the perfect moment, in the appropriate location based on his/her emotional state, his/her current activity and past behavior. This paper provides an overview of context-aware recommender systems in mobile environment. The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the current state of the art in context-aware recommender systems and classify the reviewed research papers. This study aims equally to identify the possible future directions in this research area.     

Noisy but non-malicious user detection in social recommender systems

Social recommender systems largely rely on user-contributed data to infer users’ preference. While this feature has enabled many interesting applications in social networking services, it also introduces unreliability to recommenders as users are allowed to insert data freely. Although detecting malicious attacks from social spammers has been studied for years, little work was done for detecting Noisy but Non-Malicious Users (NNMUs), which refers to those genuine users who may provide some untruthful data due to their imperfect behaviors. Unlike colluded malicious attacks that can be detected by finding similarly-behaved user profiles, NNMUs are more difficult to identify since their profiles are neither similar nor correlated from one another. In this article, we study how to detect NNMUs in social recommender systems. Based on the assumption that the ratings provided by a same user on closely correlated items should have similar scores, we propose an effective method for NNMU detection by capturing and accumulating user’s “self-contradictions”, i.e., the cases that a user provides very different rating scores on closely correlated items. We show that self-contradiction capturing can be formulated as a constrained quadratic optimization problem w.r.t. a set of slack variables, which can be further used to quantify the underlying noise in each test user profile. We adopt three real-world data sets to empirically test the proposed method. The experimental results show that our method (i) is effective in real-world NNMU detection scenarios, (ii) can significantly outperform other noisy-user detection methods, and (iii) can improve recommendation performance for other users after removing detected NNMUs from the recommender system.     

Personalisation and recommender systems in digital libraries

Widespread use of the Internet has resulted in digital libraries that are increasingly used by diverse communities of users for diverse purposes and in which sharing and collaboration have become important social elements. As such libraries become commonplace, as their contents and services become more varied, and as their patrons become more experienced with computer technology, users will expect more sophisticated services from these libraries. A simple search function, normally an integral part of any digital library, increasingly leads to user frustration as user needs become more complex and as the volume of managed information increases. Proactive digital libraries, where the library evolves from being passive and untailored, are seen as offering great potential for addressing and overcoming these issues and include techniques such as personalisation and recommender systems. In this paper, following on from the DELOS/NSF Working Group on Personalisation and Recommender Systems for Digital Libraries, which met and reported during 2003, we present some background material on the scope of personalisation and recommender systems in digital libraries. We then outline the working group’s vision for the evolution of digital libraries and the role that personalisation and recommender systems will play, and we present a series of research challenges and specific recommendations and research priorities for the field.     

Tag-based user modeling for social multi-device adaptive guides

This paper aims to demonstrate that the principles of adaptation and user modeling, especially social annotation, can be integrated fruitfully with those of the web 2.0 paradigm and thereby enhance in the domain of cultural heritage. We propose a framework for improving recommender systems through exploiting the users tagging activity. We maintain that web 2.0’s participative features can be exploited by adaptive web-based systems in order to enrich and extend the user model, improve social navigation and enrich information from a bottom-up perspective. Thus our approach stresses social annotation as a new and powerful kind of feedback and as a way to infer knowledge about users. The prototype implementation of our framework in the domain of cultural heritage is named iCITY. It is serving to demonstrate the validity of our approach and to highlight the benefits of this approach specifically for cultural heritage. iCITY is an adaptive, social, multi-device recommender guide that provides information about the cultural resources and events promoting the cultural heritage in the city of Torino. Our paper first describes this system and then discusses the results of a set of evaluations that were carried out at different stages of the systems development and aimed at validating the framework and implementation of this specific prototype. In particular, we carried out a heuristic evaluation and two sets of usability tests, aimed at checking the usability of the user interface, specifically of the adaptive behavior of the system. Moreover, we conducted evaluations aimed at investigating the role of tags in the definition of the user model and the impact of tags on the accuracy of recommendations. Our results are encouraging.

一种检测兴趣漂移的图结构推荐系统

协同过滤是构造推荐系统最有效的方法之一.其中,基于图结构推荐方法成为近来协同过滤的研究热点.基于图结构的方法视用户和项为图的结点,并利用图理论去计算用户和项之间的相似度.尽管人们对图结构推荐系统开展了很多的研究和应用,然而这些研究都认为用户的兴趣是保持不变的,所以不能够根据用户兴趣的相关变化做出合理推荐.本文提出一种新的可以检测用户兴趣漂移的图结构推荐系统.首先,设计了一个新的兴趣漂移检测方法,它可以有效地检测出用户兴趣在何时发生了哪种变化.其次,根据用户的兴趣序列,对评分项进行加权并构造用户特征向量.最后,整合二部投影与随机游走进行项推荐.在标准数据集MovieLens上的测试表明算法优于两个图结构推荐方法和一个评分时间加权的协同过滤方法.