基于ZYNQ异构多核处理器的人体动作识别系统

以ZYNQ异构多核处理器为实现平台,采用HLS设计方法学对运动特征提取算法进行了FPGA硬件加速,达到了1080P 60 fps的计算能力.采用K-means对运动特征聚类,再生成高维向量,用SVM分类器进行分类和识别.最终,通过高效的系统结构和硬件加速电路实现了算法的加速.系统最终采用基于Linux和QT框架的人机交互方式,支持在线学习、创建动作库的功能.     

基于轨迹模板匹配的动态手势识别方法

首先采用基于混合高斯模型与椭圆肤色模型进行手势分割,分割出手势区域,使用卡尔曼滤波器进行手势跟踪,获得手势中心点的位置.在此基础上,记录各帧中心点位置,得到运动轨迹,利用提出的轨迹模板匹配方法对动态手势进行识别.该方法利用基本的几何特征便可完成手势运动轨迹的设置与识别,无需特征选择或训练样本的搜集.最后,采用基于Zynq-7000的Zedboard平台对该算法进行实现,并采用HLS硬件加速工具进行算法加速.实验结果表明,该算法可实现较精确的手势识别,接受弹性的输入采样,识别正确率在95%以上,且通过硬件加速后,可在嵌入式平台中实时识别,具有较好的实时性.     

基于ZYNQ的高清图像显示及检测系统设计

针对当前基于ARM和DSP的嵌入式图像处理系统前端采集速度慢和图像处理算法不易加速的缺点,设计了一种基于HDMI接口的全高清(分辨率1920×1080)实时视频采集与图像处理系统;采用500万像素级别CMOS摄像头作为前端数据源,主芯片内部采用ARM+FPGA的异构架构,兼备FPGA的并行处理能力与ARM处理器任务调度功能;基于AXI协议设计了自定义数据存储传输的IP核,实现了处理速度与带宽最大化;利用HLS工具将图像预处理算法快速打包生成IP核,在FPGA中实现图像算法的硬件加速,完成图像处理系统平台原型机的设计;与传统的PC机和相机的机器视觉平台相比,该系统运行平均耗时在10 ms以内,实时检测效果令人满意,有效解决了低功耗与高数据带宽和处理速度之间的矛盾,为后端结果分析和边缘加速提供了良好支持。     

面向高性能图计算的高效高层次综合方法

图计算已成为大数据处理领域的主流应用,采用特定硬件加速可以显著提高图计算的性能和能效.众所周知,硬件代码的编写和验证十分耗时,尽管通用高层次综合(high level synthesis,HLS)系统允许用户使用高级语言(如C语言)特性自动生成硬件结构,但是对于图计算这种不规则算法,其仍缺乏有效的并行性和访存技术支撑,存在综合效果不理想、效率不高等突出问题.提出一种面向图计算的高效HLS方法,结合图算法嵌套循环、随机访存、数据冲突以及幂律分布等特性,采用数据流架构实现高效的并行流水线,保证处理单元的负载均衡.通过提供的编程原语,提出的方法可将通用图算法转化为模块化的数据流中间表示形式,进而映射到参数化的硬件模板.在Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+XCVU9P的实现验证了方法的正确性,不同类型的图算法在多个数据集上的实验结果表明,相比国际上通用的Spatial HLS系统,提出的方法可达到7.9~30.6倍的性能提升.     

基于FPGA的图像处理硬件加速系统的设计

为解决图像处理算法越来越复杂,普通的计算平台已满足不了当前需求的问题,根据现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)的并行计算特点对FAST角点检测算法和Sobel边缘检测算法进行硬件加速,采用HLS(high-level synthesis, HLS)高层次综合技术对两种算法进行设计并进行相应的优化。为提升系统整体性能,在FPGA上实现全部视频输入输出接口和图像算法的完整通路,通过FPGA算法电路与OpenCV算法程序进行对比,前者的图像处理速度快于后者9～11倍,系统功耗也仅为1.9 W,图像检测可达56 fps,满足实时图像处理要求,为以后设计复杂的图像处理系统提供了参考。     

APSoC心音辅助诊断算法硬件加速方法

针对云南边远山区低网络覆盖率和低传输速率下普通移动设备对神经网络处理速度慢、成本高、效率低的问题,提出一种基于APSoC的心音辅助诊断算法的硬件加速方法。在对5122例心音信号进行去噪、特征提取等预处理后,训练CNN网络模型用于心音样本分类。设计通用卷积电路与通用池化电路,将HLS优化后生成硬件电路部署至Zynq-7020APSo C硬件平台,实现CNN算法的硬件加速。实验结果表明,相同条件下,其分类速度相比Intel-i7-8700提高了35倍,分类准确率仅损失了不到1%。该方法满足了高性能、低功耗、低成本等要求,为先心病初诊辅助诊断提供了一种离线解决方案。     

卷积神经网络的硬件加速设计

为解决目标检测算法随识别率的提高而当前普通的处理器无法满足算法的计算需求和内存需求等问题，该文采用一种基于FPGA的设计方法对卷积神经网络进行硬件加速，使用HLS技术设计YOLOv2目标检测算法，对算法中的各个网络层次进行相应的优化，并在FPGA加速器中对图像权重数据、像素数据进行复用以降低访问次数和数据量从而降低系统时延。实验结果表明，系统性能达28.37 GOPs(giga operations per second,10亿次运算/s)，功耗为2.60 W，与CPU(E5-2620v4)相比，系统性能是CPU的7.14倍，功耗仅占CPU的2.8%，与当前目标检测系统相比具有一定优势。     

先心病心音CNN分类算法的硬件加速

为提高先心病心音分类算法的实时性,适用于资源有限的嵌入式设备,提出一种对FPGA进行流水线约束设计的硬件加速方法.将CNN内部计算的并行性与FPGA上的并行硬件对应起来,通过VIVADO高层次综合(HLS)映射CNN算法至FPGA上,在卷积层中的循环上采用流水线约束,子循环会默认展开的方式,提升循环的执行速度.实例仿真计算结果表明,该方法可以很好地利用硬件资源,极大降低计算延时,有效提升算法的实时性.     

基于SoC的小型集成化视频采集处理系统研究

由于传统视频采集和处理系统很难解决小体积、低功耗与高数据带宽和处理速度之间的矛盾,同时针对智能武器装备、工业自动化生产等领域对视频采集与处理系统小型化、集成化发展需求,基于Xilinx公司高性能Zynq-7000系列SoC芯片,搭建了一种小型化、集成化、通用化视频采集处理平台系统。通过充分发挥SoC芯片集成ARM处理器软件可编程和FPGA硬件可编程优势,提出了利用HLS工具将图像预处理算法快速打包生成IP核,在FPGA中实现图像算法硬件加速的设计方法,不仅保证了视频采集和处理的实时性,而且实现了视频处理设备小型化、集成化、低功耗设计。对系统软硬件设计和各组成部分原理进行了介绍,并以Sobel边缘检测算子为实例,对系统功能和性能与传统处理方法进行了对比测试,验证了系统的有效性。     

基于Vivado HLS的边缘检测硬件加速应用

针对计算机处理高清图像或视频的边缘检测时存在延时长和数据存储带宽受限的缺点,提出了用Vivado HLS将边缘检测软件代码转换成RTL级硬件电路的硬件加速方法。硬件加速是将运算量大的功能模块由硬件电路实现,根据硬件电路工作频率高和数据位宽自定义,可以解决延时长和数据宽度受限的缺点。实验结果表明,边缘检测硬件加速方法不仅使延时和数据带宽都得到了改善,而且也缩短了边缘检测的开发周期。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate