移动数据库中数据更新与广播的并发控制

移动数据库系统中数据更新与数据广播并发处理,导致移动客户读取的数据可能不一致,本文分析了在移动数据库中数据更新与数据广播并发处理中可能出现的三类数据冲突,并提出了基于UFBL0原则的并发控制策略来解决上述的问题。该策略具有较好的独立性,对服务器和移动客户机的影响都较小,并且可以较大限度地提高广播给用户的数据项当前性。     

移动数据库中数据广播与数据更新并发执行的数据一致性维护

移动数据库系统中数据更新与数据广播并发处理,导致移动客户读取的数据可能不一致。文章分析了并发处理中的数据冲突并提出了基于ECA原则的并发控制策略。     

更新分发环境下移动事务处理的节能策略设计

能量的损耗和事务的一致性是更新分发环境下移动应用所需要考虑的两个主要问题,但传统的节能技术并不支持对移动客户端移动事务的并发控制,而现有的基于数据广播的移动事务处理方法主要针对保持数据一致性而设计,并未考虑事务处理过程中的节能问题.将分布式索引技术应用于移动事务处理,提出一种在更新分发环境下同时实现移动事务并发控制和节能处理的有效方法.实验结果表明使用该方法比未应用索引技术前节能84.5%.     

移动实时事务预留广播空间的验证协议

在无线数据广播环境中,从移动客户机到服务器的上行带宽非常有限,传统的并发控制协议不适合这种不对称通信环境.本文提出一种可变乐观并发控制协议,服务器周期性向移动客户机广播数据对象,同时把一个广播周期分成若干个子周期,在两个连续的子周期间,一个保留空间被预留来存放服务器更新事务在第一个子周期开始后修改的所有数据对象,移动只读事务通过比较服务器更新事务提交的写集合和自己读集合来自主进行一致性验证,如果只读事务不能通过部分验证,它不会被草率地夭折并重新启动,相反,应用一个改进的向前验证策略,帮助移动只读事务争取更多提交机会.最后,本文进行充分的实验对提出的算法性能进行了评价.     

基于变周期数据广播的缓存一致性维护

为了提高移动计算环境中缓存数据效率,在分析现有成果的基础上,提出了基于变周期数据广播的缓存一致性维护的策略。该策略根据数据的访问用户数目以及数据更新的频率等方法来动态调整服务器广播数据更新报告的频率及内容,在客户端接收服务器广播的数据更新报告后将缓存中已被更新过数据项的值用新值替换掉,而不直接将该数据项立即移出缓存。通过对该方法进行性能的分析,表明该方法能良好地适应数据更新频率不断变化的移动数据计算环境。     

基于变周期数据广播的缓存一致性维护

为了提高移动计算环境中缓存数据效率，在分析现有成果的基础上，提出了基于变周期数据广播的缓存一致性维护的策略。该策略根据数据的访问用户数目以及数据更新的频率等方法来动态调整服务器广播数据更新报告的频率及内容，在客户端接收服务器广播的数据更新报告后将缓存中已被更新过数据项的值用新值替换掉，而不直接将该数据项立即移出缓存。通过对该方法进行性能的分析，表明该方法能良好地适应数据更新频率不断变化的移动数据计算环境。     

广播环境下移动事务处理中的节能问题研究

当前移动计算技术研究中索引技术与移动事务处理方法相对独立,即传统的索引技术并不支持对移动客户端移动事务的并发控制,而现有的基于数据广播的移动事务处理方法主要针对保持数据一致性而设计,并未考虑事务处理过程中的节能问题。将分布式索引技术应用于移动事务处理,提出一种在数据广播环境下同时实现移动事务并发控制和节能处理的有效方法。实验结果表明该方法的平均调谐时间为未应用索引技术前的15.5%。     

数据广播环境下移动实时事务的有效并发控制

在无线数据广播环境下,从移动客户机到数据库服务器的上行带宽非常有限.传统的并发控制协议不适合这种不对称通讯环境.本文结合乐观并发控制协议和时标排序协议提出一种并发控制协议.只读事务满足弱一致性,包含所有更新事务和一个移动只读事务的可串行化图是非循环的.使用本文提出的并发控制协议,移动只读事务能够自主执行,移动更新事务能够较早地检测到数据冲突.模拟试验显示,我们提出的协议相对其它已经存在的并发控制协议来说,能够更好地满足事务截止期.     

一种嵌入式移动实时数据库的并发控制策略

嵌入式移动实时事务的并发控制除了满足传统事务的基本特性外,还要着重考虑优先级颠倒、不必要的事务重启和全局数据一致性及混合事务系统的性能等问题.基于绝对串行化时序与选择重启的乐观并发控制算法(OCC-ASTOSR),利用绝对时标在广播循环的支持下调整移动客户端和中心数据库服务器上的事务串行化顺序,检测事务的数据访问冲突,并应用选择重启的方法解决冲突.事务随着运行过程更新读写数据集信息,每个数据对象都维护相关的时间信息,通过无线网络通信传递这些控制信息,交互地完成移动客户端和中心服务器中的本地事务验证和移动事务两阶段验证提交.     

移动实时数据库系统中的更新分发

数据广播作为移动计算环境下有效的数据分发技术已有许多研究,当数据广播用于发送不断更新的数据时称它为更新分发．现有的更新分发协议因没有考虑实时数据库系统中数据和事务的定时要求而不适合移动实时只读事务的处理．重点研究了移动实时数据库系统中更新分发的问题,提出了混合前向多版本数据广播协议,该协议在保证事务一致性的同时满足了数据和事务的定时约束．模拟实验表明,该协议能够有效地降低事务错过率和提高数据流行性,较现有更新分发协议更适合移动实时只读事务的处理．     

Concurrency control strategies for ordered data broadcast in mobile computing systems

Although data broadcast has been shown to be an efficient method for disseminating data items in mobile computing systems, the issue on how to ensure consistency and currency of data items provided to mobile transactions (MT), which are generated by mobile clients, has not been examined adequately. While data items are being broadcast, update transactions may install new values for them. If the executions of update transactions and the broadcast of data items are interleaved without any control, mobile transactions may observe inconsistent data values. The problem will be more complex if the mobile clients maintain some cached data items for their mobile transactions. In this paper, we propose a concurrency control method, called ordered update first with order (OUFO), for the mobile computing systems where a mobile transaction consists of a sequence of read operations and each MT is associated with a time constraint on its completion time. Besides ensuring data consistency and maximizing currency of data to mobile transactions, OUFO also aims at reducing data access delay of mobile transactions using client caches. A hybrid re-broadcast/invalidation report (IR) mechanism is designed in OUFO for checking the validity of cached data items so as to improve cache consistency and minimize the overhead of transaction restarts due to data conflicts. This is highly important to the performance of the mobile computing systems where the mobile transactions are associated with a deadline constraint on their completion times. Extensive simulation experiments have been performed to compare the performance of OUFO with two other efficient schemes, the multi-version broadcast method and the periodic IR method. The performance results show that OUFO offers better performance in most aspects, even when network disconnection is common.     

Efficient Dissemination of Transaction-Consistent Data in Broadcast Environments

In this paper, we present a novel protocol for disseminating data in broadcast environments such that view consistency, a useful correctness criterion for broadcast environments, is guaranteed. Our protocol is based on concurrency control information that is constructed by the server and is broadcasted at the beginning of each broadcast cycle. The concurrency control information mainly captures read-from relations among update transactions. A salient feature of the protocol is that the concurrency control information is small in size, but precise enough for reducing unnecessary abortion of mobile transactions. The small-sized concurrency control information implies low communication overhead on broadcasting system. In addition, the computation overheads imposed by the algorithm on the server and the clients are low. We also address the reliability issue of wireless communication and the incorporation of a prefetching mechanism into our protocol. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our protocol in comparison with existing methods. Furthermore, we have extended our protocol to deal with local view consistency which requires that all mobile transactions submitted by the same client observe the same serial order of update transactions     

Effects of broadcast errors on concurrency control in wireless broadcasting environments

In wireless broadcasting environments, mobile clients cannot receive data reliably over broadcast channels because a reliable transmission protocol is not applicable to the channels. If such broadcast errors are not properly handled by a concurrency control algorithm, it could lead to a fatal effect especially when clients are permitted to issue update transactions. However, the effects of broadcast errors on concurrency control have been little researched. In this paper, we have proposed a concurrency control algorithm to support update transactions issued by mobile clients and evaluated the performance of the algorithm by focusing the effects of broadcast errors with an analytic model. The analytic results show our algorithm is efficient in resolving the broadcast errors.     

Efficient validation of mobile transactions in wireless environments

In broadcast environments, the limited bandwidth of the upstream communication channel from the mobile clients to the server bars the application of conventional concurrency control protocols. In this paper, we propose a new variant of the optimistic concurrency control (OCC) protocol that is suitable for broadcast environments. At the server, forward validation of a transaction is done against currently running transactions, including mobile transactions and server transactions. At the mobile clients, partial backward validation of a transaction is done against committed transactions at the beginning of every broadcast cycle. Upon completion of execution, read-only mobile transactions can be validated and committed locally and update mobile transactions are sent to the server for final validation. These update transactions have a better chance of commitment because they have gone through the partial backward validation. In addition to the nice properties of conventional OCC protocols, this protocol provides autonomy between the mobile clients and the server with minimum upstream communication, which is a desirable feature to the scalability of applications running in broadcast environments. This protocol is able to process both update transactions and read-only transactions at the mobile clients at low space and processing overheads.     

A concurrency control scheme for mobile transactions in broadcast disk environments

Broadcast disk technique has been often used to disseminate frequently requested data efficiently to a large volume of mobile clients over wireless channels. In broadcast disk environments, a server often broadcasts different data items with differing frequencies to reflect the skewed data access patterns of mobile clients. Previously proposed concurrency control methods for mobile transactions in wireless broadcast environments are focused on the mobile transactions with uniform data access patterns. These protocols perform poorly in broadcast disk environments where the data access patterns of mobile transactions are skewed. In broadcast disk environments, the time length of a broadcast cycle usually becomes large to reflect the skewed data access patterns. This will often cause read-only transactions to access old data items rather than the latest data items. Furthermore, updating mobile transactions will be frequently aborted and restarted in the final validation stage due to the update conflict of the same data items with high access frequencies. This problem will increase the average response time of the update mobile transactions and waste the uplink communication bandwidth. In this paper, we extend the existing FBOCC concurrency control method to efficiently handle mobile transactions with skewed data access patterns in broadcast disk environments. Our method allows read-only transactions to access the more updated data, and reduces the average response time of updating transactions through early aborts and restarts. Our method also reduces the amount of uplink communication bandwidth for the final validation of the update transactions. We present an in-depth experimental analysis of our method by comparing with existing concurrency control protocols. Our performance analysis shows that it significantly decreases the average response time and the amount of uplink bandwidths over existing methods.     

An energy-efficient mobile transaction processing method using random back-off in wireless broadcast environments

Broadcast is widely accepted as an efficient technique for disseminating data to a large number of mobile clients over a single or multiple channels. Due to the limited uplink bandwidth from mobile clients to server, conventional concurrency control methods cannot be directly applied. There has been many researches on concurrency control methods for wireless broadcast environments. However, they are mostly for read-only transactions or do not consider exploiting cache. They also suffer from the repetitive aborts and restarts of mobile transactions when the access patterns of mobile transactions are skewed. In this paper, we propose a new optimistic concurrency control method suitable for mobile broadcast environments. To prevent the repetitive aborts and restarts of mobile transactions, we propose a random back-off technique. To exploit the cache on mobile clients, our method keeps the read data set of mobile transactions and prefetches those data items when the mobile transactions are restarted. As other existing optimistic concurrency control methods for mobile broadcast environments does, it works for both read-only and update transactions. Read-only transactions are validated and locally committed without using any uplink bandwidth. Update transactions are validated with forward and backward validation, and committed after final validation consuming a small amount of uplink bandwidth. Our performance analysis shows that it significantly decreases uplink and downlink bandwidth usage compared to other existing methods.