百变家居

入住新家后，新家具，新环境，新电器，一切都是新的，让人很是惬意了一阵子。但是住了一段时间后，却又觉得腻了，一成不变的摆设，一如既往的风格，开始了审美疲劳……[编者按]     

钢材退火炉的程序控制

本文简要介绍了钢材的退火工艺，在此基础上采用智能调节仪实现了钢材退火炉炉温的程序控制，克服了退火炉内温度不均匀的现象，改善了控制精度和自动化程度，提高了产品质量和生产率，最后本文简单介绍了电磁兼容的有关概念，分析了本文中存在的电磁干扰并给出了解决方案，实践证明，该方法非常有效。     

整治“非法操作”

我用自己的电脑写文章、听歌曲、上网，常常在不经意间，电脑屏幕跳出来一个“非法操作”框，“XX程序执行了非法操作，即将关闭。”于是，写好一半的文章，得停下，正听得起劲的歌曲，不能再听了，上网呢，免了吧。而常常，碰到这种情况，我是无可奈何的，能处理就处理一下，不能处理，就只有投降了。那种感觉，真是糟透了。懊恼、烦燥、愤怒，可是又无可奈何。有问题就要解决，痛定思痛，我请教了一些朋友，又翻了翻书，终于明白了其中的道理，其实，“非法操作”这种情况并不可怕，只要稍加处理是完全可以避免的。造成“非法操作”的原…     

从光盘启动的WindowsXP

Windows不能启动了，密码忘记了，文件被误删了，分区出错了，咋办?过去我也认为难办。可现在就不同了，笔者可以很自信地告诉各位朋友，这很好办。从光盘启动WindowsXP，进去后，你想咋办就唯办。     

路由器到路由器VPN试验网的组建和测试分析

介绍了VPN隧道技术PPTP，路由器到路由器VPN试验网的设计和搭建，以及用到的测试工具，并捕获PPTP数据帧。通过协议和数据帧分析，对实验网进行了性能测试。介绍了PPTP控制连接消息，分析和验证了PPTP控制连接过程、PPTP数据帧封装方式，加密方式及加密协议CHAP，具体分析了一个捕获的GRE报头，对报头的每一位进行了分析，进而验证了GRE报头格式，并分析了这种网络结构的安全性，最后给出了实验结论。     

磁悬浮球实验系统的模糊控制仿真

该文介绍磁悬浮球实验系统的结构与工作原理，根据模糊控制技术，设计了一个二维模糊控制器，在实验的基础上，确定了输入输出变量的范围，并对变量进行了模糊化，根据小球的物理运动规律，建立了模糊控制规则，在Matlab/Simulink环境下进行了仿真，并进行了实际控制实验，实验表明，所设计的模糊控制器具有很强的鲁棒性。     

基于知识表达的参数化尺寸标注机理研究与实现

本文研究了一种全新的尺寸标注机理，设计了通用，完整，较高层次的尺寸注模型，两个方面取得较大进展，其一，在交互标注过程中，借助于知识表达，自动得到了尺寸注类型，使尺寸菜单减少到一层，实现了智能化尺寸标注，其二，当图形发生拓扑不变的变化时，尺寸标注自动生成，实现了参数化的尺寸标注，尺寸标注的各种修改的尺寸标注模型的支持之下，并可随时进行，实现了尺寸数字对图线的自动裁剪，图样符合国家标准的规定。     

分布式多媒体教学考试系统的设计与实现

阐述了分布式多媒体教学考试系统的产生背景，对其中非常重要的考虑系统进行了详细地剖析，讨论了分布式系统，多媒体系统，面向对象技术，VC 6．0,WinSock技术，ADO等系统的实现的核心技术，阐述了分布式分布式多媒体教学考试系统的需求分析，功能划分，然后从试题类，ADO、Windows等几个角度讲述了分布式多媒体教学考试的详细设计与实现，总结了全文。     

分布式工业控制计算机局域网的研究与实现

本文研究了一种分级分布式工业控制计算机局域网，提出了标准转换器．实现了硬件联网；根据国际标准制定了此网的通信协议，设计了所有通讯软件，实现了软件联网，成功地完成了一台IBM-PC386与三台STDBUS工业控制机的联网，构成了实时性好，可靠性高，价格较低的二级分布式工业控制计算机局域网络，此网不仅适用于化工生产，而且也适用其它生产过程控制，具有广泛的推广价值。     

MP3里的“小说连播”

早在学生时代，小菜就痴迷于抱着收音机定时收听中央台的小说连播，工作后却不得不忍痛割爱——没时间啊，连播的时候自己在工作，休息了，却早过了连播时间，真真郁闷死了。某天，小菜偶尔打开了中央人民广播电台的网站，意外发现，网站居然提供了小说连播的音频下载，想到自己新买的MP3，不由一阵窃喜。     

基于激光诊断技术的脉冲爆震发动机多参数自动测试系统

脉冲爆震发动机(以下简称PDE)的燃烧产物具有高温、高压、高污染、极快的脉动速度等特点,为了实时检测PDE工作过程中各参数的变化,改进PDE的设计性能.应用激光诊断技术,虚拟仪器技术,研制了PDE多参数自动测试系统(以下简称系统).叙述了该系统的工作原理、系统硬件结构和软件的设计方法.运用LabWindows/CVI与MATLAB混合编程提高了系统的开发效率,使系统功能更加灵活、强大.用该系统对一PDE实验样机作了实时检测,得到了PDE工作过程中的燃烧产物的温度及组分浓度.结果表明:该系统的时间分辩率小于1 ns,获取的CO2、CO、及HC的值反映了PDE的燃烧效率.这是传统的测量方法无法实现的.     

CACE系统用于二茂铁对柴油燃烧速率和燃烧效率的影响规律的研究

利用计算机辅助化学实验系统（CACE）具有自动采集数据、存储及数据处理，适宜于快速反应的在线研究等优势，测定在柴油中加入二茂铁后对柴油燃速和燃烧效率的影响，实验结果表明，二茂铁作为添加剂，可增加柴油的速度和提高燃烧效率，减少尾气的排放量，减少大气污染，因而具有重要的经济价值和环保价值。     

燃烧动力学平台设计

燃料的相关研究在发动机研制中扮演着重要角色, 数据是燃烧模型耦合的基础, 反应机理是燃烧数值模拟的关键. 针对我国在燃烧数据库建设方面的短板问题和个性化燃烧反应机理构建的迫切需求, 本文设计了燃烧动力学平台, 包括燃烧数据库和燃烧反应机理在线计算系统. 燃烧数据库系统通过数据的标准化和分级管理建立了高效的搜索流程, 形成了国内独有的多类型理论和实验数据检索系统, 并通过数据的汇交与审核机制保证可以吸收高质量数据到平台. 燃烧反应机理在线计算系统通过基于Web交互式分子建模, 建立了软件输入文件创建、计算与结果获取一站式计算流程. 通过燃烧动力学平台的建设和应用, 将减少我国对国外数据平台的依赖, 推动国内基础燃烧反应数据的交流与共享, 显著降低燃料反应机理软件使用门槛, 进一步深化燃烧反应领域的创新研究.     

Nonlinear identification of a gasoline HCCI engine using neural networks coupled with principal component analysis

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a futuristic combustion technology that operates with high efficiency and reduced emissions. HCCI combustion is characterized by complex nonlinear dynamics which necessitates the use of a predictive model in controller design. Developing a physics based model for HCCI involves significant development times and associated costs arising from developing simulation models and calibration. In this paper, a neural networks (NN) based methodology is reported where black box type models are developed to predict HCCI combustion behavior during transient operation. The NN based approach can be considered a low cost and quick alternative to the traditional physics based modeling. A multi-input single-output model was developed each for indicated net mean effective pressure, combustion phasing, maximum in-cylinder pressure rise rate and equivalent air–fuel ratio. The two popular architectures namely multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis network (RBN) models were compared with respect to design, prediction performance and overall applicability to the transient HCCI modeling problem. A principal component analysis (PCA) is done as a pre-processing step to reduce input dimension thereby reducing memory requirements of the models. Also, PCA reduces the cross-validation time required to identify optimal model hyper-parameters. On comparing the model predictions with the experimental data, it was shown that neural networks can be a powerful approach for non-linear identification of a complex combustion system like the HCCI engine.     

Coal-fired utility boiler modelling for advanced economical low-NOx combustion controller design

This paper focuses on developing a control-oriented coal-fired utility boiler model for advanced economical Low-NO_x combustion (ELNC) controller design. Two boiler combustion models are proposed in this paper: one is a mathematical model describing the key dynamics of the real-time boiler thermal efficiency and the furnace one-dimensional NO_x concentration distribution under conventional fuel and overfire air operations; the other recast from the first model is a control-oriented grey-box model with a data-driven furnace combustion submodel. Simulation studies on static and dynamic properties of the first mathematical model indicate that the model can function as a real-time simulator for both advanced boiler combustion control laws testing and generating training and validation data for the control-oriented grey-box model. At the end of this paper, the control-oriented grey-box modelling procedure as well as an optional discrete time linear state-space model are summarised to facilitate model-based advanced combustion controllers design.     

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines: A Review

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion is considered to be the principally promising future IC engine concepts. HCCI is a concept of hybrid combustion, between the Otto engine and Diesel engine. HCCI is however not a modern finding. Already in the early twentieth century hot bulb engines operated with an HCCI-like combustion. They were superior in terms of brake efficiency compared with the contemporary gasoline engines and at the same level as the diesel engines. High engine efficiencies and ultra low NO emissions and low particulates are the benefits of HCCI engines. Volumetric auto ignited combustion of the compressed lean air–fuel mixture is attributed to these benefits. There are few drawbacks also were there in HCCI engines like, low specific output, narrow operating range, lack control over the ignition process, long start up time and high emissions like CO and UHC emissions. The CO and UHC emissions can be after treated using catalytic converters. In this study a literature review on HCCI engine has been performed and the parameters affecting the HCCI combustion phasing, performance and emissions were discussed. Strategies to widen the peak load bearing capacity of HCCI engine, reducing the emissions like NOx, CO and UHC, easy auto-ignition were discussed in the present study.     

Online adaptive least squares support vector machine and its application in utility boiler combustion optimization systems

Boiler combustion optimization is a key measure to improve the energy efficiency and reduce pollutants emissions of power units. However, time-variability of boiler combustion systems and lack of adaptive regression models pose great challenges for the application of the boiler combustion optimization technique. A recent approach to address these issues is to use the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM), a computationally attractive machine learning technique with rather legible training processes and topologic structures, to model boiler combustion systems. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm for the LS-SVM model, namely adaptive least squares support vector machine (ALS-SVM), with the aim of developing an adaptive boiler combustion model. The fundamental mechanism of the proposed algorithm is firstly introduced, followed by a detailed discussion on key functional components of the algorithm, including online updating of model parameters. A case study using a time-varying nonlinear function is then provided for model validation purposes, where model results illustrate that adaptive LS-SVM models can fit variable characteristics accurately after being updated with the ALS-SVM method. Based on the introduction to the proposed algorithm and the case study, a discussion is then delivered on the potential of applying the proposed ALS-SVM method in a boiler combustion optimization system, and a real-life fossil fuel power plant is taken as an instance to demonstrate its feasibility. Results show that the proposed adaptive model with the ALS-SVM method is able to track the time-varying characteristics of a boiler combustion system.     

Study of the impact of wildfire emissions,through MOPITT total CO column,at different spatial scales

The estimation of total carbon monoxide (CO) column has been identified as essential to improve our understanding of its role in the global climate system. The Earth Observing System (EOS) Science Steering Committee and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has suggested that a satellite-borne CO sensor, which would operate for extended periods, would be useful for that task. Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), on board the Terra spacecraft, is a correlation radiometer for estimating CO vertical profiles and total CO column in the lower atmosphere, through the thermal radiance received in the 4.7 μm spectral region. One of the main sources of CO in the atmosphere is the fires and global biomass-burning emissions that are produced when combustion is not complete, especially in the smouldering phase. This article presents a methodology based on a Fourier technique and spatial analysis in order to estimate the total CO column contribution of wildfires at three different spatial scales. First, in a seasonal study, a Mediterranean country (Spain) is selected, and the main regions affected by fire during four years in the summer season are analysed. Second, in order to estimate CO emissions at a local scale, a large fire (in Spain) and a cluster of fires (in North China) are selected. Third, for a global study at large scale and for comparing with CO and carbon dioxide (CO₂) data from Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), locations in North China, equatorial Africa, and Amazonia are selected. Results obtained show that MOPITT data are suitable to assess and to discriminate CO emissions at local spatial scales. Finally, a qualitative agreement between CO behaviour obtained by MOPITT and CO and CO₂ obtained by SCIAMACHY is found.     

矿用打钻防着火安全保护装置的设计

为了防止煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔时因煤粉自燃而导致一氧化碳浓度过高和瓦斯爆炸,设计了矿用打钻防着火安全保护装置。该装置通过传感器监测一氧化碳和瓦斯浓度,采用单片机实现高压风和压力水的自动转换控制。现场试验显示,在打钻期间钻孔煤粉发生自燃的情况下,该装置可以实现高压风和压力水的自动转换,及时将钻孔内燃烧的煤粉熄灭。     

内燃机驱动的自激异步发电系统建模仿真研究

基于Matlab/Simulink软件建立了异步发电机仿真模型,针对采用的笼型异步电动机数据,确定了M文件中异步发电机模型中的相关参数;详细说明了四冲程内燃机在Matlab软件下的建模实现过程和原理;建立了以内燃机为原动机的自激异步发电系统。仿真结果表明,接入负载时,系统有明显的调整过程,通过对比分析有无原动机时电压的变化情况验证了模型的正确性,为实际内燃机驱动的自激异步发电系统研制提供了强有力的理论依据。