一种自适应运动目标检测算法及其应用

针对ViBe算法在动态背景下存在鬼影消除时间长、算法适应性差、前景检测噪声多的问题,本文提出一种基于ViBe算法框架的改进算法.该算法采用鬼影检测法标记第1帧中的鬼影区域,并向位于鬼影区域的背景模型中强制引入背景样本,从而快速抑制鬼影;在像素分类过程中,引入自适应分类阈值,解决全局阈值易受动态噪声干扰的问题;在背景模型更新中,根据像素分类的匹配值来动态决定更新因子,提高算法适应场景变化的能力.定性与定量的对比实验结果表明,本文算法相较于ViBe算法能够有效地检测动态背景下的运动目标,应用于河流漂浮物检测场景中也有较好的效果.     

改进的ViBe运动目标检测算法

针对传统ViBe运动目标检测算法提取的目标存在鬼影区域、且有闪烁像素点干扰的问题,提出一种结合Surendra背景更新算法而改进的ViBe算法进行运动目标检测.利用Surendra算法快速更新背景的特点迭代得到纯净背景;对ViBe算法检测前景进行像素标记和鬼影分类判别,去除鬼影像素点和闪烁像素点;输出新的前景.实验表明:该算法可以有效地去除ViBe算法前景检测中的鬼影,并能抑制闪烁像素噪声,获取更精确的前景图像.     

基于改进ViBe的运动目标检测算法

在运动目标检测领域,ViBe算法由于其实时性高、鲁棒性好等特点,已经被广泛地研究与使用。但动态背景往往会干扰检测结果。通过度量背景复杂度更新距离阈值和背景模型更新率的方式,提出了一种基于改进ViBe算法的运动目标检测算法,能有效地降低动态背景对检测结果造成的影响。最后,利用全局运动补偿算法将改进的ViBe算法应用到摄像机运动情况下,取得了一定效果。     

基于ViBe的复杂背景下的运动目标检测

ViBe算法简单、快速,具有较好的前景检测性能,是运动目标检测和背景建模的主要方法之一。但是在动态背景、相机抖动等户外视频中仍存在噪声和干扰等问题,导致对前景运动目标的检测不准确。针对此问题,提出用像素帧差值代替像素值来初始化背景样本模型的方法,并根据背景动态变化自适应更新阈值来分割前景与背景。实验结果表明,改进算法提高了前景检测的准确性,对噪声干扰表现出了良好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于像素抽样建模的车辆目标提取方法

针对传统背景建模算法初始化时间长、存在Ghost区等缺点,本文根据样本一致性原理,提出一种基于像素抽样的背景建模方法。初始化阶段利用历史像素序列多次采样构建背景模型;模型更新采用改进的ViBe算法,同时更新历史像素模型和ViBe背景模型;前景检测时,利用样本一致性原理,将源像素同时与两个模型作比较,获得目标。对比实验表明,与Vibe原算法及传统目标提取算法相比,本文算法在有运动目标存在的情况下,初始化效率较高,并且有效抑制Ghost区,低速目标检测效果良好。     

基于ViBe改进的运动目标检测算法

运动目标检测一直是计算机视觉领域的重要研究方向,针对传统的ViBe算法容易出现鬼影、噪点和运动目标不完整等问题,提出一种基于ViBe改进算法的移动目标检测跟踪算法。通过连接区域的滤波操作,填充面积小于设定阈值的前景孔洞区域,以此限制散布在前景物体中的错误背景;通过检测图像的闪烁像素,更新存储之前的模板,并建立闪烁等级表,若某像素的闪烁等级大于等于设定的阈值,则将其从更新模版中移除,从而抑制更新模板中的闪烁区域。在动态视频中结果表明,该算法在满足实时性的前提下,可有效地改善传统ViBe算法,较好地提高运动目标检测效果。     

融合改进的三帧差分和ViBe算法的运动目标检测

针对ViBe算法在相机抖动和树叶晃动的动态背景下，出现的误检率高和准确度低的问题，提出一种改进的ViBe算法。该算法选取多帧使用基于Canny的三帧差分改进算法进行背景建模；在背景模型更新时根据背景复杂程度设置调整因子，调整阈值和背景模型更新率适应动态背景的检测；为提高检测目标的完整性，改进的ViBe算法得到的前景目标，与三帧差分算法结合并且进行形态学处理完成对运动目标的提取。实验结果表明，改进的算法在树枝晃动、相机抖动的复杂背景下，检测目标的准确度和完整性提高了。     

基于ViBe的室外动态背景闪烁像素噪声消除方法

针对使用视觉背景提取(ViBe)模型在室外动态背景下进行移动目标检测时存在不规则闪烁像素点对前景检测结果造成干扰的问题,提出一种基于视觉背景提取算法的闪烁像素噪声消除方法。在背景模型建立阶段设定背景模型样本标准差阈值,约束背景模型的采样值范围以提高背景模型准确性。在前景检测阶段引入自适应检测阈值提高前景物体检测精度,在背景模型更新过程中对图像边缘背景像素点进行边缘抑制以阻止错误背景样本值更新到背景模型。在此基础上,结合形态学操作修复连通域,提高前景图像的完整性。最后选取多个视频序列将该方法与原始ViBe算法、形态学改进方法的检测结果进行对比。实验结果表明,该方法能有效消除闪烁像素噪声对前景检测造成的影响,获取更精确的前景图像。     

一种基于优化ViBe算法的人形分割方法

人形分割在视频监控研究中具有极其重要的意义。ViBe算法因其运算效率高、算法思想简单且容易实现的特性受到许多研究学者的青睐,并被应用到人形分割的研究中。针对ViBe算法在应用于人形分割研究时易于出现鬼影和容易对光照引起的阴影造成误检的现象,提出了一种改进的ViBe算法—VSFC(ViBeSurendra Five-frame Canny)算法。首先将利用Otsu自适应阈值的Surendra算法得到的初始背景用作背景模型的初始化。其次,通过将ViBe算法所得出的前景与五帧差分法得出的前景采用"与"运算的方式获得人形分割结果,并对得到的人形分割结果进行形态学处理,以便能够消除较大的噪声。最后利用Canny边缘检测算子对人形的边缘信息进行提取,利用小波融合方法将前面得到的人形结果和边缘信息进行融合,得到最后的人形分割结果。在更新机制方面,提出动则更新的更新思想,对于那些长时间静止不动的像素点,采取隔时更新的方式,提高了算法的实时性。     

基于区域相似信息的自适应运动目标检测算法

当视频监控中存在动态背景干扰、鬼影现象和静止目标时,ViBe算法的检测性能较差。针对该问题,提出一种改进的ViBe算法。通过Otsu算法得到图像的动态阈值,提高算法在动态背景中的抗干扰能力,同时结合区域相似度判断鬼影、拖影或静止目标区域,自适应地对不同类别区域像素进行更新抑制。实验结果表明,改进算法在动态背景中表现出良好的鲁棒性,能够有效抑制鬼影以及静止目标产生的拖影,在保证实时性的前提下较原算法检测精度和综合评价指标F值分别提高0.309和0.2,具有更好的检测效果和检测性能。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate