人工神经网络方法研究含硫芳香衍生物毒性与结构的关系

结合逐步线性回归方法与人工神经网络方法，研究了含硫芳香衍生物对发光细菌毒性的构效关系，充分表明了两个方法的互补，回归方法为网络方法提供变量的物理解释，网络方法建立精确的构效关系模型，人工神经网络方法在非线民生较强的构效关系研究中起到重要的作用，基于交叉检验，本文还提出了防止人工神经网络方法过拟合现象发生的ｒ判据，对于建立较好的预报模型，具有一定的普遍意义。     

面向对象软件框架中的耦合性及其消解策略的研究

在软件设计过程中，特别是软件框架的设计过程中，降低软件系统的耦合性是改善软件系统的可维护性，可理解性，可扩展性的关键，目前已经提出了一些改善软件系统耦合性的方法，例如说设计模式方法，虽然该方法解决了很多实际的问题，但该方法的缺点是可理解性和可操作性较差，本文针对设计模式方法可操作性差的缺点，提出了一种具有很好可操作性的方法，我们称之为耦合变换的方法，其基本思路是，首先按照耦合关系的强弱，对耦合关系进行排列，然后按照耦合关系逐步减弱的方法，利用降低耦合性的一些原则，并结合设计模式的思想，逐步将强耦合关系变换为弱耦合关系，变换的终结点为耦合达到最优耦合状态或次优耦合状态。     

基于遗传量子的自适应图像分割算法

虚拟娱乐照相领域的图像分割，目的在于实时地提取显示出背景中的感兴趣目标，但由于常用的分割方法容易丢失图像的边缘细节信息，而且运算时间长，难以实现质量与速度的平衡，为此文章提出了一种基于遗传量子进化算法的图像分割方法。该方法首先运用遗传量子方法进行阈值搜索，然后进行区域分割，再利用形态学方法对图像边缘细节进行补偿，并去除噪声。仿真结果表明，与传统方法比较，该方法能有效地提取图像中的人像，保留细节边缘。     

分形维数计算方法的研究

分形维数作为科学研究的重要工具之一，它是描述自然界和非线性系统中不光滑和不规则几何体的有效工具，其计算方法已经有多种，应用领域也是十分广泛。然而，各种方法各有不同，文中就此对常用分形维数计算方法进行了系统的综合与研究，主要包括圆规法、明科斯基方法、变换方法、盒子计算方法、周长一面积法、裂缝岛屿方法、分形布朗模型法，对每种方法的含义和模型及相关的应用领域进行了阐述，并给出了其方法的计算机实现算法。     

土木工程结构监测方法的发展状况分析

本文基于实际工作，分析了当前土木工程中主要运用的结构监测方法，着重介绍在土木工程结构中监测方法在诸如完善损害判别指标，提升监测正确性、改良传感器的安置方法，提升监测的可靠度和非线性评判方法等方面的应用，并对土木工程结构监测方法进行深入的研究，进而探讨出更多的改良结构监测方法的方案，确保土木工程的质量。     

一种局部和全局相结合的光流计算方法

光流场是计算机视觉的一个研究方向，微分法是计算光流场的一个常用方法，它分为全局方法和局部方法，全局方法能够得到100％的致密的光流场，而局部方法大多只能得到稀疏的光流场，但它在噪声情况下具有更好的鲁棒性。本文提出一种局部和全局相结合的方法．首先给出五点光流约束的局部方法，再结合全局方法，计算得到了既致密又 鲁棒的光流场。     

二维无结构三角形网格的高分辨率大粒子有限体积方法

1．引言在非定常流体力学数值方法中，有一类重要的Euler型方法．它们的共同思想是把流体力学基本方程按力学意义分裂成压力梯度加速效应部分和输运效应部分（对弹塑性流动还要加上强度效应部分），再分别差分化·于是一个时间计算步由两步（或三步）组成，如PIC方法【‘］，FLIC方法！‘，‘，‘］（大粒子方法），OIL问方法。HELP【’］方法和流体网格法f’］等．这些方法在非定常流体力学计算中发挥了重要的作用，方法的构造思想在计算流体力学数值方法的发展中有很大的影响．这些方法，除PIC方法外，都是一阶上风格式，分辨率低…     

热敏电阻网络参数的计算方法

提出一种用改进的基因算法优化热敏电阻网络参数的方法，举例说明了该方法的应用，并将其与传统的优化方法进行比较，结果表明，该方法不要求预先假定接近最优解的初始参数值，且比传统优化方法有效。     

二进制信号传输中随机共振与线性方法的比较

利用随机共振的主动降噪的非线性动力学行为，提出了一种应用随机共振进行二进制信号传输方法，对该方法的合理性作了分析和证明，并就方法的性能与常规的线性方法进行了比较，设计了仿真试验，结果表明，低信噪比传输时，随机共振方法具有明显的优越性。本文的结论不仅扩大了随机共振的应用领域，而且为突破线性方法的极限提供了可能的途径。     

组合电路等价性检验方法研究

分析了数字电路等价性检验方法的基本原理，对组合电路等价性检验方法进行了综合研究，讨论了各种方法的特点，指出了各种方法的优缺点及其适用场合，总结了组合电路等价性检验方法的发展规律，指出了未来的发展方向。     

Design of phononic materials/structures for surface wave devices using topology optimization

We develop a topology optimization approach to design two- and three-dimensional phononic (elastic) materials, focusing primarily on surface wave filters and waveguides. These utilize propagation modes that transmit elastic waves where the energy is contained near a free surface of a material. The design of surface wave devices is particularly attractive given recent advances in nano- and micromanufacturing processes, such as thin-film deposition, etching, and lithography, which make it possible to precisely place thin film materials on a substrate with submicron feature resolution. We apply our topology optimization approach to a series of three problems where the layout of two materials (silicon and aluminum) is sought to achieve a prescribed objective: (1) a grating to filter bulk waves of a prescribed frequency in two and three dimensions, (2) a surface wave device that uses a patterned thin film to filter waves of a single or range of frequencies, and (3) a fully three-dimensional structure to guide a wave generated by a harmonic input on a free surface to a specified output port on the surface. From the first to the third example, the resulting topologies increase in sophistication. The results demonstrate the power and promise of our computational framework to design sophisticated surface wave devices.     

A hybrid system approach for supporting digital libraries

A digital library (DL) consists of a database which contains library information and a user interface which provides a visual window for users to search relevant information stored in the database. Thus, an abstract structure of a digital library can be defined as a combination of a special purpose database and a user-friendly interface. This paper addresses one of the fundamental aspects of such a combination. This is the formal data structure for linking an object oriented database with hypermedia to support digital libraries. It is important to establish a formal structure for a digital library in order to efficiently maintain different types of library information. This article discusses how to build an object oriented hybrid system to support digital libraries. In particular, we focus on the discussion of a general purpose data model for digital libraries and the design of the corresponding hypermedia interface. The significant features of this research are, first, a formalized data model to define a digital library system structure; second, a practical approach to manage the global schema of a library system; and finally, a design strategy to integrate hypermedia with databases to support a wide range of application areas. Received: 15 December 1997 / Revised: June 1999     

A distributed learning model for Freshwater Ecology practical classes

Abstract This paper describes a case study where a distributed learning model was used to enhance the traditional teaching of a freshwater ecology practical class by providing students with a student-centred constructivist environment. Prior to the practical session, a website was created and students were encouraged to think about the morphological adaptations of stream organisms. They were then divided into groups and taken to a real stream to collect specimens and bring them back to the laboratory for further examination and discussion. After the practical, each student group was required to produce a web page concerning the adaptations of the stream organisms to answer a set of online tutorial questions, and to participate in web-based discussion. Feedback by questionnaire showed that the great majority of students enjoyed working with the website and found the content very useful. More than half of the students preferred this type of web-assisted, student-centred practical to conventional practicals, while about a third showed no special preference between the two approaches.     

Holarchy formation and optimization in holonic manufacturing systems with contract net

Holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) is based on the notion of holon, an autonomous, cooperative and intelligent entity to provide a econfigurable, flexible and decentralized manufacturing environment to respond to changing needs and opportunities. A set of holons that cooperate to achieve a goal forms a holarchy. How to design a mechanism to form a holarchy to achieve a goal while minimizing the overall cost is a challenge. The objectives of this paper are to propose models and develop collaborative algorithms to guide the holons to form a holarchy to coherently move toward the desired goal state ultimately. We adopt contract net protocol (CNP) to model mutual selection of holons in forming a holarchy. We formulate a holarchy optimization problem to minimize the cost subject to the feasibility constraints. To analyze the feasibility of a holarchy, a Petri net (PN) model is proposed. As classical PN models do not take into account the cost involved in firing transitions, we augment the PN model with cost functions in the problem formulation. Due to the distributed architecture of HMS, the internal structure of each potential holarchy that acts as bidder in CNP is not available to the manager. A key issue is to determine the feasibility of a holarchy without constructing the whole PN model of the given hierarchy. We study the feasible conditions for a holarchy and propose a collaborative algorithm to analyze the feasibility and award contracts to holons without constructing the whole model of a holarchy.     

Learning criterion and inductive behaviour

Inductive behaviours may be classified according to their aim. We intend to show that there are at least two kinds of inductive behaviours. Most of the publications seem to take into consideration only one of these: to copy as exactly as possible the behaviour of a probability process. After a brief discussion to explain the necessity of a learning criterion and a recall about one criterion, representative of most of them, we shall define a new criterion, and show why it is better fitted to learn the laws of a deterministic process from a set of observations.This criterion has been used to implement a program which builds an acceptor of natural language sentences in a CAI environment using a tutorial strategy, and then for a question answering device. As attractive as the results are, their improvement requires a semantic model. We give the basic principles of a model which we currently develop, and whose main feature is approximation.     

Template-Based Gait Authentication Through Bayesian Thresholding

While gait recognition is the mapping of a gait sequence to an identity known to the system, gait authentication refers to the problem of identifying whether a given gait sequence belongs to the claimed identity. A typical gait authentication system starts with a feature representation such as a gait template, then proceeds to extract its features, and a transformation is ultimately applied to obtain a discriminant feature set. Almost every authentication approach in literature favours the use of Euclidean distance as a threshold to mark the boundary between a legitimate subject and an impostor. This article proposes a method that uses the posterior probability of a Bayes' classifier in place of the Euclidean distance. The proposed framework is applied to template-based gait feature representations and is evaluated using the standard CASIA-B gait database. Our study experimentally demonstrates that the Bayesian posterior probability performs significantly better than the de facto Euclidean distance approach and the cosine distance which is established in research to be the current state of the art.      

Requirements Engineering-Based Conceptual Modelling

The software production process involves a set of phases where a clear relationship and smooth transitions between them should be introduced. In this paper, a requirements engineering-based conceptual modelling approach is introduced as a way to improve the quality of the software production process. The aim of this approach is to provide a set of techniques and methods to capture software requirements and to provide a way to move from requirements to a conceptual schema in a traceable way. The approach combines a framework for requirements engineering (TRADE) and a graphical object-oriented method for conceptual modelling and code generation (OO-Method). The intended improvement of the software production process is accomplished by providing a precise methodological guidance to go from the user requirements (represented through the use of the appropriate TRADE techniques) to the conceptual schema that properly represents them (according to the conceptual constructs provided by the OO-Method). Additionally, as the OO-Method provides full model-based code generation features, this combination minimises the time dedicated to obtaining the final software product.     

Semantic constraint specification and verification of ebXML business process specifications

Electronic Business using eXtensible Markup Language (ebXML) Business Process Specification Schema (BPSS) supports the specification of the set of elements required to configure a runtime system in order to execute a set of ebXML business transactions. The BPSS is available in two stand-alone representations; a UML version and an XML version. Due to the limitations of UML notations and XML syntax, however, the current ebXML BPSS specification is insufficient to formally specify semantic constraints of modeling elements. In this study, we propose a classification scheme for BPSS semantic constraints, and describe how to represent those semantic constraints formally using Object Constraint Language. As a way to verify a particular Business Process Specification (BPS) with formal semantic constraint modeling, we suggest a rule-based approach to represent the formal semantic constraints, and describe a detail mechanism to apply the rule-based specified constraints to the BPS in a prototype implementation.     

Forecasting notebook computer price as a function of constituent features

This paper proposes a three-phase approach to forecast a competitive price for a notebook computer as a function of constituent features. Phase I uses regression analysis to relate computer price to constituent features in each of a series of time periods. Phase II involves a time series analysis of each regression coefficient to quantify how trends in market conditions (e.g., the evolution of component technology) affect the market value of each feature. Phase III uses the time series analysis to forecast future market values of each feature and combines these results to forecast a competitive selling price for a notebook model that is composed of a selected set of features. The approach can be used in support of management decisions related to prescribing when to upgrade a notebook model and what features to include in each upgrade. The approach can be used, for example, to forecast notebook model price at introduction, and the rate at which price will erode over the model’s life cycle. Computational results indicate that the approach can forecast the price of a notebook computer model up to four months in advance of its introduction to within 10%. It can also forecast the rate of price erosion to within 10% for up to seven months after introduction — the length of the life cycle of a typical notebook model. Since this approach uses only publicly available data, it can be used easily in industry.