基于NSGA2与Fluent耦合的分析方法翼型优化

将分析方法引入飞行器气动优化设计,在Fluent软件中进行二次开发,编写了计算熵产率的UDF,来阐述分析方法在气动优化中的作用。以二维翼型为例,通过NURBS曲线进行翼型参数化建模,将NSGA2优化算法与CFD计算耦合起来,计算低雷诺数、5°攻角下的翼型升阻比和熵产率,得到最大升阻比和最小熵产率不断调和的翼型的Pareto解。结果显示,与基准翼型相比,在升阻比提高的条件下,流场熵产率减少,能量效率提高。而且优化翼型的熵产率随着升阻比的增加而增大。     

基于NSGA2与FIuent耦合的分析方法翼型优化

将分析方法引入飞行器气动优化设计,在FIuent软件中进行二次开发,编写了计算熵产率的UDF,来阐述分析方法在气动优化中的作用。以二维翼型为例,通过NURBS曲线进行翼型参数化建模,将NSGA2优化算法与CFD计算耦合起来,计算低雷诺数、5°攻角下的翼型升阻比和熵产率,得到最大升阻比和最小熵产率不断调和的翼型的Pareto解。结果显示,与基准翼型相比,在升阻比提高的条件下,流场熵产率减少,能量效率提高。而且优化翼型的熵产率随着升阻比的增加而增大。     

基于FLUENT的微型修正弹药气动特性仿真

研究微型修正弹药的的气动外形结构优化设计问题.由于传统的气动力参数计算方法,计算新型修正弹的气动力参数会造成大的误差,不利于弹道参数计算和飞行稳定性校核.针对上述问题,提出采用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对修正弹进行非结构化网格划分,利用密度基显式求解法,对修正弹在不同攻角、不同飞行马赫数下的气动力进行了仿真计算,得到了修正弹药的升力系数、阻力系数和俯仰力矩系数随飞行马赫数和攻角的变化规律,以及弹丸表面的压力分布和来流速度分布,并对仿真结果进行分析.结果表明,计算所得气动参数符合修正弹外弹道学规律,较好地模拟了弹丸跨音速时的飞行状态,可以为微型修正弹药的制导外形设计提供依据和参考.     

基于VB的风力机叶片外形优化设计

为了实现风力发电机风轮叶片外形的优化设计,以风场风速分布为基础提出了综合优化目标;以片条理论为基础提出了以展弦比为关键参数的修形约束条件的气动优化目标,建立了叶片外形优化设计的数学模型.采用枚举法和循环结构,选用Access数据库,应用Visual Basic编制程序实现叶片外形的优化设计.针对内蒙古某地区设计了1.5MW风力机叶片,与国外同功率某通用叶片进行了对比分析.结果表明,两种叶片外形基本吻合,而且文中设计的叶片在性能上有明显优势,同时也验证了文中提出数学模型的可靠性和程序的实用性.     

基于VB的风力机叶片外形优化设计

为了实现风力发电机风轮叶片外形的优化设计,以风场风速分布为基础提出了综合优化目标;以片条理论为基础提出了以展弦比为关键参数的修形约束条件的气动优化目标,建立了叶片外形优化设计的数学模型。采用枚举法和循环结构,选用Access数据库,应用Visual Basic编制程序实现叶片外形的优化设计。针对内蒙古某地区设计了1.5MW风力机叶片,与国外同功率某通用叶片进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种叶片外形基本吻合,而且文中设计的叶片在性能上有明显优势,同时也验证了文中提出数学模型的可靠性和程序的实用性。     

H型垂直轴风力机设计参数分析研究

采用多流管理论模型对风光能源复合发电装置项目中H型垂直轴风机参数进行优化设计,在多流管理论基础上建立模型并用Matlab软件进行计算、仿真。分析了H型垂直轴风力机叶片在旋转过程中不同叶尖速比时攻角的变化情况,以及叶尖速比、密实度对风力机风能利用系数的影响。通过各个参数大小的变化对功率系数的影响进行比较,得出最大功率时所对应的风机最佳参数。     

风力机叶片气动外形三维设计方法研究与应用

本文针对风力机叶片气动外形的设计现状,采用Schmitz设计模型,结合小型叶轮设计实例,提出了风力机叶片的三维设计方法。利用图形几何变换原理求解叶片各截面叶素的空间坐标,运用三维设计平台进行叶片三维实体建模,设计过程交叉组合,提出了三种设计方法,并分析了各自的特点。方法具有普适性,有助于提高叶片的设计质量和设计效率,为叶片气动外形的三维快速设计提供了参考。     

基于遗传算法的压气机叶片的多目标三维优化

为了提高轴流压气机的效率,需要研究一种新的高性能的转子叶片.采用人工神经网络与遗传算法寻优相结合的方法对某单级轴流压气机亚音速叶片进行三维叶片型线优化设计.优化目标是尽可能的提高转子叶片的总压比、流量和等熵效率.优化仿真结果显示,流动分离区明显后移,损失显著降低,等熵效率提高了0.48%,同时总压比和流量也都得到了提高,优化叶片的气动性能较原型叶片明显提高.结果表明,优化方法能很好的完成亚音速叶片的优化设计,是获得低损失高效率性能的叶片的有效途径.     

新翼型风力机叶片综合性能的实验研究

以自制新翼型风力机风轮为研究对象,在B1/K2直流式低速风洞完成自制新翼型风力机的功率特性测试实验,采用丹麦B＆K公司结构动态测试系统完成风轮结构动态特性实验,并与国内某公司同型号传统翼型的风力机进行气动特性、结构动态特性的对比分析,为下一步系统研究新翼型的气动特性和设计综合性能较优的风轮奠定了理论和实验基础.     

改变飞机变体机翼优化方法与气动特性仿真

为使变翼型便携式小型无人机拥有低起飞速度和较高的巡航速度,快速到达目的地的同时能有效改善无人机以不同方式起飞的性能,采用B样条方法描述翼型形状,用XFOIL软件进行气动计算,用遗传算法进行迭代计算,对无人机的翼型形状进行优化设计,得到了一个可以由巡航阶段翼型简单变化而来的改善飞机起飞性能的翼型形状.采用CFD仿真软件对翼型升阻力特性进行分析,并获得了采用变体技术的飞机在巡航阶段翼型和起飞阶段翼型的气动参数.最后通过对变体无人机和非变体无人机以不同方式起飞的起飞轨迹的仿真计算、比较证明了采用变翼型技术的无人机在采用不同方式起飞时都能有效改善起飞性能.     

小型H 型垂直轴风车叶片的设计分析

风力发电机（简称风车）,是一种将风能转化为机械能,电能或热能的转 换装置。比较了垂直轴风力发电机与水平轴风力发电机的优势后,对小型H 型垂直轴风车 叶片的进行了分析,给出了在不同工作环境中的载荷分析,并对叶片的应力计算及校核方法 作了讨论,为小型H 型垂直轴风车的叶片设计提供了参考。     

Optimum section selection procedure for horizontal axis tidal stream turbines

Stochastic behavior of renewable energy sources forces designers to optimize the energy converters for the purpose of capturing the maximum amount of available energy. The performance of horizontal axis wind and tidal turbines mainly depends on the geometrical properties such as chord and twist distributions and also the types of sections which are utilized along the blade. The purpose of presented paper is introducing a procedure which can be utilized in order to select the optimum sections for horizontal axis tidal turbines for the purpose of increasing the turbine performance. The presented procedure also can be applied for horizontal axis wind turbines. For the purpose of evaluating the performance of the proposed method, two design types (chord and twist distributions) of tidal turbines are selected as case studies. Power coefficient is considered as objective function, and three types of hydrofoils namely NACA63-8xx, NACA44xx, and RISO-A1-xx are selected as candidate solutions. A blade element momentum theory model is used for calculating the power coefficient. The discrete ant colony optimization algorithm is selected as optimization tool. The results indicate that the utilization of the proposed method will considerably decrease the required process time for obtaining the optimum sections across the blade span, and also it is shown that using different types of sections across the blade span can increase the power coefficient of the turbine. The importance of the proposed method will be significant when various types of hydrofoils and airfoils can be considered as candidate sections across the blade span.

     

Multi-disciplinary constrained optimization of wind turbines

We describe procedures for the multi-disciplinary design optimization of wind turbines, where design parameters are optimized by maximizing a merit function, subjected to constraints that translate all relevant design requirements. Evaluation of merit function and constraints is performed by running simulations with a parametric high-fidelity aero-servo-elastic model; a detailed cross-sectional structural model is used for the minimum weight constrained sizing of the rotor blade. To reduce the computational cost, the multi-disciplinary optimization is performed by a multi-stage process that first alternates between an aerodynamic shape optimization step and a structural blade optimization one, and then combines the two to yield the final optimum solution. A complete design loop can be performed using the proposed algorithm using standard desktop computing hardware in one-two days. The design procedures are implemented in a computer program and demonstrated on the optimization of multi-MW horizontal axis wind turbines and on the design of an aero-elastically scaled wind tunnel model.     

On wind turbine blade design optimization

A wind turbine with a horizontal rotation axis is considered in the stationary airflow. A problem of choosing the law of change of the setting angle of the cross section of the wind turbine blade and the value of the angular speed so that the wind energy utilization coefficient is maximal is discussed. Maximization of the respective functional is considered as a variational problem with a priori unknown parameter. Once it is solved numerically or analytically, the optimal value of this parameter is determined, with the sought variables given by rather simple formulas. The results are analyzed on a qualitative level. In particular, the setting angle is found to change monotonically along the blade, which is confirmed by practical wind turbine design. Examples of using the proposed approach to wind turbine blade design are considered.     

On addressing noise constraints in the design of wind turbine blades

Power production from wind energy has been increasing over the past decades, with more areas being used as wind farms and larger wind turbines (WTs) being built. With this development, awareness of the impact of wind energy on the environment and on human health has also raised. There has been a large interest in developing fast turnaround WT blade design frameworks, capable of predicting both aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance to handle ever stricter noise criteria constraints dictated by site or local authorities. In this work, a blade element momentum theory model is used to predict the aerodynamic performance of a wind turbine, coupled to an empirical aeroacoustic noise model and boundary layer corrections. The aeroacoustic prediction code developed was validated against measurement data of the AOC 15/50 WT and included in an optimization framework using a genetic algorithm. The blade shape was parametrized using NURBS curves for the cross sectional airfoil shapes and Bézier curves for the twist and chord distributions, totaling up to 62 design variables. Two multi-objective optimization cases, both single- and multi-operating point, were performed. Optimal solutions selected from the Pareto fronts are discussed in detail. These solutions ranged from an increase in annual energy production of 15 % to a reduction in noise levels of 9.8 %. It was demonstrated that substantial noise reduction could be obtained at an expense of a minor aerodynamic penalty.     

Development of a structural optimization strategy for the design of next generation large thermoplastic wind turbine blades

This paper presents the development of a structural optimization process for the design of future large thermoplastic wind turbine blades. The optimization process proposed in this paper consists of three optimization steps. The first step is a topology optimization of a short untwisted and non tapered section of the blade, with the inner volume used as the design domain. The second step is again a topology optimization, but on the first half of a blade to study the effect of non symmetry of the structure due to blade twist and taper. Results of this optimization step are then interpreted to build a shell model of the complete blade structure to perform composite size optimization based on a minimum mass objective subjected to constraints on deflection, composite strength and structural stability. Different blade models using ribs are then optimized and compared against conventional blade structure (box spar structure without ribs and single web structure without ribs). The use of ribs in wind turbine blade structures, which is more adapted to thermoplastic composite manufacturing than for thermoset composites, leads to slightly lighter blades than conventional blade structures.     

Effects of blade tip modifications on wind turbine performance using vortex model

The effects of blade tip modifications on a wind turbine blade are studied with the design code developed previously, by taking into account the curving of the blade axis in or out of the plane of rotation. This is an area of interest for manufacturers of wind turbines to improve the aerodynamic performance, as has been done with airplane wings and also to use the swept tips to unload the blades during wind gusts by changing the local incidences with a nose-down torsional moment.The vortex model, based on Goldstein approach, treats each blade as a lifting line generating a helicoidal vortex sheet, supporting the trailed vorticity along prescribed helices whose pitch is determined to satisfy the wake equilibrium condition. As the lifting line is given sweep in the plane of rotation or dihedral in the plane containing the blade and the rotor axis, the induced velocities by the bound vortex at the lifting line are no longer zero and the blade flow is also affected by the modified vortex sheet geometry, according to the Biot-Savart formula. The study is performed with a two-bladed rotor with the NREL blade as point of reference.A series of tests is carried out with the design code, comparing the design of a rotor blade with straight axis or with a ±10% (forward or backward) sweep, dihedral or winglet. Results indicate that the aerodynamic performance are in general enhanced with these tip modifications, although the trends differ between forward and backward orientations, with some nonlinear effects associated with the wake geometry.     

风力机叶片动力学建模研究

研究水平轴风力机叶片在回转平面内的横向振动.将风力机叶片简化为以恒角速度绕定轴旋转的不可伸长的等截面欧拉伯努利梁.采用一维动量叶素理论建立风力机叶片的空气动力学模型,并计及风力机叶片尖端损失的影响.对无量纲化的动力学方程采用Galerkin方法得到由常微分方程描述的非线性动力系统.采用由NACA63 -B系列风力机叶片...