数据仓库中实化视图选择方法的研究

数据仓库中的视图选择在很大程度上影响数据仓库的查询效率和维护代价,是数据仓库中研究的重要内容.通过对现有的选择实化视图的价值模型进行研究,提出了一个新的视图价值估算模型和视图选择算法--PBPUS算法.该视图选择方法通过在视图选择前进行预处理和使用新的价值估算模型,降低了视图搜索的时间复杂度和维护代价,有效地提高了实化视图的查询效率.     

一种实化视图的合并算法

对于拥有大量实化视图的实际数据库应用系统,提出了视图合并的方法以减少整个视图 的数量,缩减实化视图的搜索空间;还提出了归并树和基于归并树的快速有效的合并算法。实验表 明,实化视图的合并是快速寻找可能响应查询的实化视图的一种有效途径,可以显著改进查询处理的 性能。     

一种利用实化视图快速响应查询的技术

实化视图可以显著改进查询处理的性能，针对拥有大量实化视图的实际系统，提出了层次索引和视图合并两种方法来有效减少可能被利用的实化视图的搜索空间，还提出了实用的启发式算法以找出较优重写查询。实验表明，所给算法可用来快速地响应查询。     

多实化视图的自维护算法

实化视图的维护是数据仓库技术的重要问题，近几年产生了很多的维护算法。已有的维护算法大多是针对单个实化视图的维护。该文提出了一种多实化视图的自维护算法，该算法利用局部约简规则和主外键引用关系生成较小的辅助视图集，使多实化视图和辅助视图集都是自维护的。     

基于源视图增量的在线实化视图自维护

借鉴传统的基于基表变化的数据仓库维护方法Strobe，提出一种基于源视图增量的在线实化视图自维护方法，使实化视图的状态保持与底层数据源的一致性。这种方法不仅保持数据仓库数据的一致性，而且还能够加快实化视图维护的速度，减少底层信息源与数据仓库之间的网络通信负担。     

查询代价视图选择问题的研究及实现

实视图选择问题是数据仓库研究的重要问题之一。数据仓库存储实视图主要为OLAP查询,用户查询响应时间是首要考虑的问题,提出了查询代价视图选择问题,给出了其代价模型。提出了对查询代价视图选择问题利用遗传算法来解决的方法和策略。经实验证明,该算法达到了良好的效果,效率高。     

数据仓库自维护下视图分解系统的设计与实现

数据仓库自维护实质上是通过维护实化视图实现,然而现有的实化视图自维护策略不能有效的减少数据仓库集成端和数据源监视端的多余数据,从而影响数据仓库环境的整体响应速度.一种基于数据仓库自维护方法的视图分解系统改进了现有的视图分解模式,将全局定义的实化视图分解成局部定义的单源视图集来减少存在数据仓库中不必要的数据,实现了现有实化视图自维护策略的分解和重写,提高数据仓库自维护效率.     

基于基库的多实化视图增量维护算法

基于基库的多实化视图维护将基库集作为多个实化视图的辅助视图集保存在集成端。当信息源发生变化时,基库随着更新,同时触发多实化视图的更新与维护。在保存基库的情况下,多实化视图的维护无需访问信息源就可完成,是多实化视图的自维护方式。     

基于视图树的实视图动态选择

为用户缓存实视图可以有效提高其OLAP查询的性能.但是,已有的缓存管理策略由于没有考虑用户在进行OLAP分析时的数据访问特性,在处理实视图动态选择问题时无法获得好的性能.提出了视图路径和视图树的概念,并以视图树作为客户端缓存中的实视图组织方式.提出了"逆路径增长法"来快速计算新到达查询的视图路径,提高了查询的响应速度.对于视图树的动态调整问题,以"保留路径"为参照,设计了合理有效的视图替换策略.实验证明,该方法能够比已有的动态选择方法取得更好的性能.     

数据仓库实化视图的联机维护

数据仓库实化视图和联机维护是数据仓库系统维护的一项关键技术,采用这种技术,能够在不影响用户正常业务的情况下,实现数据仓库的实化视图数据的及时更新、联机分析处理（OLAP）作为数据仓库的一个主要应用,在数据仓库实化视图的联机维护的过程中会面临严重的数据不一致问题。为了解决这个问题,本文引入“维护库”（Maintaining Database)的概念,提出基于事务触发的视图维护算法TVM,通过消息应答机制实现实化视图与数据源的数据一致性。     

Finding an efficient rewriting of OLAP queries using materialized views in data warehouses

OLAP queries involve a lot of aggregations on a large amount of data in data warehouses. To process expensive OLAP queries efficiently, we propose a new method to rewrite a given OLAP query using various kinds of materialized views which already exist in data warehouses. We first define the normal forms of OLAP queries and materialized views based on the selection and aggregation granularities, which are derived from the lattice of dimension hierarchies. Conditions for usability of materialized views in rewriting a given query are specified by relationships between the components of their normal forms. We present a rewriting algorithm for OLAP queries that can effectively utilize materialized views having different selection granularities, selection regions, and aggregation granularities together. We also propose an algorithm to find a set of materialized views that results in a rewritten query which can be executed efficiently. We show the effectiveness and performance of the algorithm experimentally.     

Efficient approaches for materialized views selection in a data warehouse

View materialization is an effective method to increase query efficiency in a data warehouse and improve OLAP query performance. However, one encounters the problem of space insufficiency if all possible views are materialized in advance. Reducing query time by means of selecting a proper set of materialized views with a lower cost is crucial for efficient data warehousing. In addition, the costs of data warehouse creation, query, and maintenance have to be taken into account while views are materialized. In this paper, we propose efficient algorithms to select a proper set of materialized views, constrained by storage and cost considerations, to help speed up the entire data warehousing process. We derive a cost model for data warehouse query and maintenance as well as efficient view selection algorithms that effectively exploit the gain and loss metrics. The main contribution of our paper is to speed up the selection process of materialized views. Concurrently, this will greatly reduce the overall cost of data warehouse query and maintenance.     

Data mining-based materialized view and index selection in data warehouses

Materialized views and indexes are physical structures for accelerating data access that are casually used in data warehouses. However, these data structures generate some maintenance overhead. They also share the same storage space. Most existing studies about materialized view and index selection consider these structures separately. In this paper, we adopt the opposite stance and couple materialized view and index selection to take view–index interactions into account and achieve efficient storage space sharing. Candidate materialized views and indexes are selected through a data mining process. We also exploit cost models that evaluate the respective benefit of indexing and view materialization, and help select a relevant configuration of indexes and materialized views among the candidates. Experimental results show that our strategy performs better than an independent selection of materialized views and indexes.     

实体化视图动态选择预处理算法的研究

实体化视图是数据仓库中提高查询效率的有效手段，数据仓库运行期间，需要对其中的实体化视图进行维护，从而保证用户查询的响应时间较短。针对用于实体化视图动态选择的遗传算法收敛速度慢，运行时间长的问题，提出一种预处理算法来计算动态选择实体化视图时遗传算法的初始群体。理论分析和宴验结果表明，该算法可以有效地提高实体化视图动态选择时的寻优收敛速度。     

Detecting redundant materialized views in data warehouse evolution

A data warehouse (DW) can be abstractly seen as a set of materialized views defined over a set of remote data sources. A DW is intended to satisfy a set of queries. The views materialized in a DW relate to each other in a complex manner, through common subexpressions, in order to guarantee high query performance and low view maintenance cost. DWs are time varying. As time passes new materialized views are added in order to satisfy new queries, or for performance reasons, while old queries are dropped. The evolution of a DW can result in a redundant set of materialized views. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting redundant materialized views in a given DW view selection, that is, materialized views that can be removed from DW without negatively affecting the query evaluation or the view maintenance process. Using an AND/OR dag representation for multiple queries and views, we first formalize the process of propagating source relation changes to the materialized views by exploiting common subexpressions between views and by using other materialized views that are not affected by these changes. Then, we provide an algorithm for detecting materialized views that are not needed in the process of propagating source relation changes to the DW. We also show how trivially redundant views can be identified in this process. Finally, we use these results to provide a procedure for detecting materialized views that are redundant in a DW. Our approach considers a broad class of views that includes grouping/aggregation views and is not dependent on a specific cost model.     

物化视图选择中权限因子的设计

物化视图是数据仓库中提高查询效率的有效手段,物化视图的选择一直是数据仓库领域的研究热点.通过研究和实验,提出在物化视图选择中加入权限因子,将各候选视图的权限值纳入算法评价函数的计算中,使最终得到的物化视图集既能面向企业基层提供OLAP查询,又能保证企业决策层OLAP查询的速度.     

基于模拟退火算法的实体化视图动态选择方法

实体化视图选择问题是NP完全问题,我们通过研究和实验,提出了一种将模拟退火算法应用到实体化视图的动态选择中的方法。在定义了算法的状态、初始状态、目标函数及转换规则之后,深入讨论了模拟退火算法的参数选择对算法解的影响。最后的实验结果表明,模拟退火算法完全可以应用到实体化视图的动态选择中。     

实视图动态选择算法中重叠实视图的处理

当采用实视图来提高OLAP系统效率时，由于实视图往往并不恰巧是一个完整的格节点，即实视图是多维数据切片（MRFs），因此系统中会出现大量有重叠数据的实视图，这不仅占用了过多的存储空间。也使得系统根据已有实视图响应用户提交的多维查询变得复杂。以往的实视图动态选择算法没有考虑这种情况的处理。文章结合格模型的概念，提出了合并数据重叠实视图的算法，包括如何判定实视图之间有重叠数据、如何合并有数据重叠的实视图等。     

数据仓库环境中可扩展的动态物化视图选择方法

数据仓库通常要对大量的数据进行运算,以精简的结果来回答用户的查询,这一特点使得物化视图技术在数据仓库中尤为重要.然而现有支持物化视图自动选择的方法是静态的,它违背了联机分析处理(OLAP)和决策支持系统(DSS)的动态本质.本文提出了可扩展的动态物化视图方法,通过将整个物化视图选择问题(MVS)分解为三个阶段,降低了问题的复杂度,提高了物化视图的有效性.通过动态调整,物化视图能即时适应查询需求.算法复杂度分析证明了方案的可扩展性.动态调整算法模拟实验验证了方案具有很好的自适应性.     

多维数据实视图的动态选择

提出了多维数据中实视图的动态选择方案.其基本思想是由系统跟踪查询的分布情况,并据此动态地调整实视图集合.具体实现了该方案,并证明了在一定条件下,单次选择算法的效果与最优效果的差具有一定的上限.实验结果表明,动态方案的效果优于已有的其他选择方案.