一个基于智能Agent的学习内容物件搜索引擎

随着数字化学习的国际标准SCORM规范被越来越多的组织机构所接受，越来越多的符合SCORM规范的学习内容物件涌现出来，如何在学习者的需求和特定的学习内容物件之间进行匹配将成为越来越重要的问题。文中对SCORM规范及其描述学习素材的LOM标准进行了深入研究，并引入智能代理Agent技术，利用智能Agent技术，对学习内容物件的元数据进行分析，从而获得每个学习内容物件对于学习者需求的满足程度，为解决这个问题作出了有益的尝试。最后，通过一个应用实例给出了该模型的工作原理。     

基于多Agent的网络学习智能推荐模型

针对网络学习者面临海量信息选择的困扰,提出了一个基于多Agent的网络学习智能推荐模型.运用界面Agent采实现与学习者的交互,利用基于知识推荐的Agent提供与学习者兴趣相关的推荐,以及基于相似学习者推荐的Agent向特定学习者推荐新的知识,并对模型中推荐的相似度算法进行了阐述.通过多Agent技术的运用,较好的解决了网络学习推荐的智能化,个性化以及灵活性的问题,使网络学习者能在一种交互式的学习环境中得到更人性化的学习推荐服务.     

Agent技术在智能教学系统中的应用与研究

在传统的学习平台的基础上,以人本主义学习理论和建构主义学习理论为指导,将Agent技术应用于智能教学系统的构建和研究,为越来越多的学习者提供更加智能化和人性化的协同学习环境和协同学习方法,也为现代教育模式的研究和素质教育的大发展提供了一个新的思路.以多Agent技术为基础,提出了一种新的基于Agent的智能教学系统框架,并讨论了其主要功能及实现该系统的部分关键技术.     

基于SCORM标准微课程的智能帮助机器人的设计研究

指出在SCORM微课程在线学习中使用智能帮助机器人的意义,对智能帮助机器人的概念进行界定,系统构建智能帮助机器人模型,包含5个模块和8个功能,针对5个模块的功能设计,阐述如何将智能帮助机器人应用于SCORM微课程学习过程中,以辅助学习者个性学习资源的匹配与监督。     

基于学习对象的内容包装交换模型构建研究

随着现代教育技术的迅猛发展和构建学习型社会需求的不断提高,远程教育为学习者构建了一个适合接受终身教育的学习环境。但是,当前网络学习资源的共享性、可重用性,以及对自适应学习的支持上还尚存众多的问题,这已严重地制约了网络教育快速发展。基于此,该文采用SCORM标准,以学习对象为学习内容组织单位,将学习资源划分为数字资源对象、可共享内容对象和应用数字对象三种组件,对学习资源模型进行封装,为其构建元数据文件、内容清单文件和包交换文件,实现学习内容在不同网络教学系统间的共享和重用,以及可以根据学习者特征、学习需求与学习目的对学习内容和学习路径进行动态调整,从而实现网络自适应学习,提高远程教育的服务质量和学习者的满意度。     

大数据环境下高校移动学习平台的设计与实现

传统的教学方式正在发生变革,移动化学习越来越成为老师和学生进行教与学的一种新手段,尤其是智能手机的普及和大数据技术的发展。随着越来越多的学习者习惯于用移动设备进行学习,现有学习平台的局限性就越来越明显。该文以大数据为基础,设计了高校智慧移动学习平台解决方案。该平台主要实现对学习内容进行智能化推荐,文中主要对系统中的推荐理论模型进行详细介绍——建立主要的模糊推荐需求集合;建立高级的模糊推荐需求集;设计模糊推荐算法。平台可根据学习者动态的学习情况,智能推荐合适的学习内容,并将实时信息告知学习者,结果分析证明该平台可靠且易于使用。该方案对普通高校的教学具有一定的推动作用,为教学创新提供了新的参考。     

一种基于本体的具有语义搜索功能的E-learning模型

针对符合SCORM规范的教学资源，提出一个具有效语义搜索功能的E-learning模型。通过SCORM本身对LOM学习对象已规定好丰富的Meta-data，并引进本体工程理论（Ontological Engineering），对不同的符合SCORM规范的教学资源（教材）加以分析、对比、归纳、关联、评估、推荐，使得不同的E-leaming中的教材得以串联，以辅助网络学习平台对SCORM教材能进行更精确的分类管理工作。而学习者通过网络学习教材中找到所需要的资料，改善以往查询准确度不够高的问题。     

具有情感交互功能的智能E-learning系统

分析了网络教学中普遍存在的情感缺失问题.将模糊情感技术应用于网络教学,构建了以Agent为核心的智能E-learning系统,实现了个性化教学和学习者情感识别;系统以模糊教学为基础构建在线学习评价系统,利用智能Agent及时捕捉学生在线学习时的情感信息和学习状态,并根据学习者的不同学习状态和学习评价结果及时做出情绪反应.     

基于学习者个性因素的多Agent协同学习系统

未解决当前的远程教育系统存在形式单一和被动教学等问题,该文提出了一个基于学习者个性因素的多Agent学习系统模型。该模型结合智能代理技术,通过分析学习者个性因素,给出了个体Agent能力描述语言,提出了新的个性化分组策略和学习任务分配策略,采用补偿机制鼓励agent合作,结合状态空间搜索理论使M AS系统具有更强的解题能力,并可满足学习者主动学习的要求,还能在一定程度上节约系统的通讯。     

基于MAS的智能决策支持系统研究

由于决策问题变得越来越复杂,规模越来越大,传统的IDSS面临着巨大的挑战。该文把Agent技术融于智能决策支持系统之中,提出了基于多Agent系统(MAS)技术的智能决策支持系统体系结构,并对决策Agent的结构模型进行了描述。     

A practical ontology query expansion algorithm for semantic-aware learning objects retrieval

Following the rapid development of Internet, particularly web page interaction technology, distant e-learning has become increasingly realistic and popular. To solve the problems associated with sharing and reusing teaching materials in different e-learning systems, several standard formats, including SCORM, IMS, LOM, and AICC, etc., recently have been proposed by several different international organizations. SCORM LOM, namely learning object metadata, facilitates the indexing and searching of learning objects in a learning object repository through extended sharing and searching features. However, LOM suffers a weakness in terms of semantic-awareness capability. Most information retrieval systems assume that users have cognitive ability regarding their needs. However, in e-learning systems, users may have no idea of what they are looking for and the learning object metadata. This study presents an ontological approach for semantic-aware learning object retrieval. This approach has two significant novel features: a fully automatic ontology-based query expansion algorithm for inferring and aggregating user intention based on their original short query, and another “ambiguity removal” procedure for correcting inappropriate user query terms. This approach is sufficiently generic to be embedded to other LOM-based search mechanisms for semantic-aware learning object retrieval.Focused on digital learning material and contrasted to other traditional keyword-based search technologies, the proposed approach has experimentally demonstrated significantly improved retrieval precision and recall rate.     

Creating the first SCORM object

The creation of the first SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model) object offers some challenges and difficulties which go beyond the facilities offered by content generation applications. In particular, the creation of really reusable, searchable learning objects requires a detailed consideration of metadata, where some institutional aspects may be unclear or not available. This work describes creation of a first learning object, from software tools installation to final packaging. It aims at a wider perspective than that offered by handbooks or user guides for content generation tools, generally poor or altogether deprived of suggestions on how to go about to achieve reusability, interoperability, durability and accessibility as conceived by the SCORM standard. Only free software and Internet publications are used as references. The creation of a simple SCORM package with the Reload Editor is described step by step, and the package created is then tested using Reload SCORM Player, allowing for the detection of some difficulties and alternatives of solution. Help available and some commented references are afterwards indicated. A list of suggestions finally emerges, to the purpose of solving beforehand most of the uncertainties, defining a consistent learning object creation scheme and reducing training time to master tools and metadata generation. As a conclusion, some limitations found along the work are pointed out, in particular the necessity of adopting or defining a LOM (Learning Object Metadata) application profile together with an institutional strategy to face metadata creation efficiently.     

Creating the first SCORM object

The creation of the first SCORM (Shareable Content Object Reference Model) object offers some challenges and difficulties which go beyond the facilities offered by content generation applications. In particular, the creation of really reusable, searchable learning objects requires a detailed consideration of metadata, where some institutional aspects may be unclear or not available. This work describes creation of a first learning object, from software tools installation to final packaging. It aims at a wider perspective than that offered by handbooks or user guides for content generation tools, generally poor or altogether deprived of suggestions on how to go about to achieve reusability, interoperability, durability and accessibility as conceived by the SCORM standard. Only free software and Internet publications are used as references. The creation of a simple SCORM package with the Reload Editor is described step by step, and the package created is then tested using Reload SCORM Player, allowing for the detection of some difficulties and alternatives of solution. Help available and some commented references are afterwards indicated. A list of suggestions finally emerges, to the purpose of solving beforehand most of the uncertainties, defining a consistent learning object creation scheme and reducing training time to master tools and metadata generation. As a conclusion, some limitations found along the work are pointed out, in particular the necessity of adopting or defining a LOM (Learning Object Metadata) application profile together with an institutional strategy to face metadata creation efficiently.     

From SCORM to Common Cartridge: A step forward

Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) was proposed as a standard for sharable learning object packaging, delivering and sequencing. Several years later, Common Cartridge (CC) is proposed as an enhancement of SCORM offering more flexibility and addressing needs not originally envisioned, namely assessment and web 2.0 standards, content authorization, collaborative forums, outcomes reporting, accessibility. Educational policy makers, specialists responsible for learning systems deployment, educational content authors and teachers committed to the learning object paradigm must opt for or coexist with two different, partially overlapping proposals for content packaging. While SCORM was conceived for self-paced computer based learning, Common Cartridge attempts at providing support for all forms of teaching and learning with a stress on interactive and collaborative environments. Variety of content, distributed content, discussion forums, assessment, student’s tracking, interaction with external tools and authorization to access resources are listed as its main enhancements. This article reviews and compares SCORM and Common Cartridge from an educational perspective, seeking to provide some ground and guidelines on how to stand before these proposals. A simple process for authoring a Common Cartridge is described, as well as testing and conversion from SCORM. Suggestions are made to education practitioners on learning objects standards adoption in the most common scenarios.     

Design of a delegable SCORM conformant learning management system

Owing to the emergence and flourishing of the Internet, traditional teaching and educational activities are increasingly relying on the convenient and global‐reaching networking technology. To boost up the development of e‐learning technology and the interoperability of learning materials, the Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative defined a data‐sharing standard, called the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM). In SCORM, because all learning materials (either SCOs or assets) are sharable, users cannot share (or delegate) parts or all of their teaching materials at will. This paper proposed an access control and delegation model for SCORM conformant learning management systems. Also, a prototype was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model.     

A relation metadata extension for SCORM Content Aggregation Model

To increase the interchangeability and reusability of learning objects, Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative suggested a set of metadata in SCORM Content Aggregation Model to describe learning objects and express relationships between learning objects. However, the suggested relations defined in the metadata of the SCORM CAM are limited. To resolve the problem, new relations were proposed by researchers. Unfortunately, some of the relations are redundant and even inappropriate. In addition, the usability of these relations has never been formally studied. Therefore, in this paper, we summarized and analyzed existing relations, removed duplicated relations, and developed a new relation metadata extension for SCORM CAM. Also, we surveyed 145 students in attempt to understand whether or not the proposed relations can increase their learning effectiveness. The results of the survey showed that learners agreed that the proposed relations are helpful.     

可重用、个性化网络课程的设计与实现

学习对象技术是关于可重用网络课程内容开发的相关理论,SCORM标准给出了其技术实现框架,在此基础上,本丈结合用户模型的建立,设计了一个以可重用学习单元为核心构成适应学习者个人需求的网络课程内容定制系统,根据用户要求和已经具备的背景知识,系统能够检索到适应用户学习水平的学习单元,形成既可重用、又具有个性化的网络课程学习内容。     

An Implementation of the CORDRA Architecture Enhanced for Systematic Reuse of Learning Objects

The Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) specification defines metadata of learning objects, which are used as the elementary reusable components in distance learning. The Content Object Repository Discovery And Registration/Resolution Architecture (CORDRA) specification provides a common architecture for the resolution, discovery, and sharing of these learning objects. These two specifications together define standardized ways in which learning objects can be discovered and reused by content designers. However, the current CORDRA and the definition of objects in SCORM only allow an object to be copied, updated, and reorganized in a new content aggregation, which is used as a delivery package to end users. This paper proposes a revised CORDRA architecture and a reusability mechanism to make instruction design easier. In particular, it proposes a structure called a reusability tree for tracking the history of reuse of learning objects in CORDRA. This paper also defines the notions of similarity, diversity, and relevancy of learning objects to make it easier for users to precisely search for and reuse learning objects.     

基于SCORM的学习行为采集模型的设计与实现

文章分析了现有网络教学管理系统在学习者信息描述尤其是学习行为采集、评估方面的不足,并以国家“网络教学关键技术及示范工程”——网络教学管理系统为背景,基于SCORM规范犤1犦,提出了网络教学管理平台上的学习者模型及其学习行为采集、分析、质量评估方案,并阐述了如何利用SOAP、XML等技术设计和实现该方案。